A Contemporary Review on Geo-engineering Techniques for Mitigation of Accelerated Rise in Global Sea Level in the Past Eight Hottest Years

Because of extreme heat during the last few years, absorption of heat in ocean water is continuously on the rise and due to additional melt water from icebergs the phenomenon of sea level rise is gradually coming to an alarming level. The present scenario based on the proposed mitigation measures to restrict the rise in temperature hardly commensurate with the decisions in Paris Agreement. Currently although geo-engineering, which is a mechanism to limit extraordinary sea level rise, has attracted scientific interest as per the current state of drastic changes in climate change, standard mitigation measures may not be enough to stop sea-level rise. This paper examines the various approaches. and options under Geo-engineering and compares effectiveness of traditional and modern geo-engineering techniques vis-à-vis other conventional mitigation measures. It is opined that conservative and groundbreaking techniques can decrease the ongoing rise in sea-level, however most befitting results would be accomplished through the combination of approaches.

Geoengineering, Coal Fly Ash and the New Heart-Iron Connection: Universal Exposure to Iron Oxide Nanoparticulates

Globally, air pollution is the leading environmental cause of human disease and death, and it is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease. Air pollution damages the cardiovascular system by oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and pro-thrombotic changes. Ultrafine particulate matter from the combustion of fossil fuels delivers the most potent and harmful elements of air pollution. Coal fly ash is a rich source of nano-sized metal, iron oxide, and carbonaceous particles. Previous findings revealed that coal fly ash is widely utilized in undisclosed tropospheric aerosol geoengineering. Proper iron balance is central to human health and disease, and the harmful effects of iron are normallyprevented by tightly controlled processes of systemic and cellular iron homeostasis. Altered iron balance is linked to the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The iron-heart hypothesis is supported by epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies. Biogenic magnetite (Fe3O4) serves essential life functions, but iron oxide nanoparticles from anthropogenic sources cause disease. The recent finding of countless combustion-type magnetic nanoparticles in damaged hearts of persons from highly polluted areas is definitive evidence of the connection between the iron oxide fraction of air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Spherical magnetic iron oxide particles found in coal fly ash and certain vehicle emissions match the exogenous iron pollution particles found in the human heart. Iron oxide nanoparticles cross the placenta and may act as seed material for future cardiovascular disease. The pandemic of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease and also rapid global warming can be alleviated by drastically reducing nanoparticulate air pollution. It is crucial to halt tropospheric aerosol geoengineering, and to curb fine particulate emissions from industrial and traffic sources to avoid further gross contamination of the human race by iron oxide-type nanoparticles

Geoengineering: The Deadly New Global “Miasma”

Neartotaladherencetofalsescientifictheoriesisthestrikingparallelbetween19thcenturymiasmatheoryassociatedwithcholera,dispelledbyDr.JohnSnow,and21stcentury“miasmas”,namely,theanthropogenic-carbon-dioxide-causeofglobalwarmingtheory,anditspresumed“cure”bygeoengineering,undisclosedjet-sprayingparticulatepollutionintothetroposphere.AnimagepublishedintheNewYorkTimesin2017beganaseriesofdiscoveriesthatpointedtoparticulatepollution,notcarbondioxide,astheprincipalcauseofglobalwarming.Bothindustrialanddeliberatejet-sprayedparticulatepollutionheattheatmosphereandthusreducesatmosphericconvection-efficiency,whichretardsheatlossfromearth’ssurfaceandcausesglobalwarming,concomitantlywreakinghavoconhumanandenvironmentalhealth.Today’s“badair,”ratherthanspreadingcontagion,iscausingapandemicofnon-communicablediseaseNCD’s)anddecimatingournaturalenvironment.Coverttroposphericaerosolgeoengineering,especiallyutilizingcoalflyash,isaprimarycatalystforbothofthesemoderndisasters,anditmustbrecognizedandhalted.Airpollutionistheleadingenvironmentalcauseofdiseaseanddeathintheworld.Combustionproductsoffossilfuelsaremajorcontributorstobothglobalwarmingandairpollution.Thecausesofairpollutionandassociatedrunawayglobalwarmingaremodifiableinashorttime-framebyreducingindustrialandgeo-engineeringparticulatepollution.However,correctiveactionshingeonascientificparadigm-shiftandinternationalcooperationatalllevelsofauthority.Themodern“miasmas”ofcomplacencyencompassingtheuniversaldangersofairpollutionandthedeadlycodeofsilenceonthesubjectofundisclosedgeo-engineeringmustbedispelledifwearetohavea“fightingchance”toconfronttheseglobalpublichealthemergencies.DespiteSnow’sground-breakingwork,thestubbornbeliefin“miasma”asthecauseofinfectiousdiseasepersistedwellbeyondhisdeathintothe20thCentury;ourtimeismuchtooshortnowtodelaychangingcourse