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Objective:To analyze the association of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain with macrosomia.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, data of all puerperae and newborns in the Obstetrics Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 2020 to June 2021 were collected, including basic maternal information, pregnancy complications and neonatal conditions. A total of 2 422 pregnant women with full-term singleton live birth and their newborns were included in the analysis. The incidence of macrosomia (≥4 000 g) was calculated according to the birth weight of the newborns. Logistic regression and heat map were used to analyze the associations of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain with macrosomia.Results:The incidence of macrosomia was 4.00% (97/2 422) in full-term singleton live birth newborns. Pre-pregnancy body weight, pre-pregnancy BMI, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity rate, pre-delivery body weight, total weight gain during pregnancy, mean weekly weight gain during pregnancy, the proportion of excessive weight gain during pregnancy, duration of pregnancy, and the proportion of primiparity and education level of junior college or below were all significantly higher in the puerperae of the macrosomia group than those in the non-macrosomia group [(63.87±8.27) vs (58.14±7.86) kg, (23.33±2.97) vs (21.60±2.72) kg/m2, 35.1% vs 17.3%, (77.48±9.11) vs (70.02±8.79) kg, (13.61±4.56) vs (11.88±4.40) kg, (0.34±0.11) vs (0.30±0.11) kg, 58.8% vs 31.1%, (280.47±7.79) vs (276.14±7.83) d, 34.1% vs 23.7%, 18.6% vs 7.5%] (all P<0.05). Pre-pregnancy BMI ( OR=1.227, 95% CI: 1.145-1.314), mean weekly weight gain during the whole pregnancy ( OR=33.453, 95% CI: 5.172-217.947), duration of pregnancy ( OR=1.083, 95% CI: 1.055-1.112), primiparity ( OR=1.969, 95% CI: 1.232-3.101) and education level of junior college or below ( OR=2.525, 95% CI: 1.325-4.668) were all positively associated with occurrence of macrosomia (all P<0.05). The incidence of macrosomia increased with the pre-pregnancy body mass index and mean weekly weight gain during the whole pregnancy. Conclusions:High pre-pregnancy BMI and mean weekly weight gain during the whole pregnancy are associated with the increased risk of macrosomia. Appropriate weight management during pregnancy may help to reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect and one of the major causes of neonatal death, with an average prevalence of 9.4‰ worldwide. We reviewed recent epidemiological studies and found that exposure to air pollutants is associated with increased CHD risks, but the associations are inconsistent between exposure to air pollutants and different subtypes of CHD due to developmental and etiological heterogeneity among different subtypes of CHD. It has been reported that air pollutants are associated with increased risks of ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, and transposition of the great arteries. However, associations between maternal exposure to air pollutants and atrial septal defect (ASD) are contradictory, with significantly positive associations of inhalable particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide exposure, negative associations of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide, and mixed associations of sulfur dioxide. Adverse effects of air pollutant on cardiac development cover a wide time window beyond 3-8 weeks during gestation; particulate matter and nitrogen oxide are more likely to affect fetal heart in early pregnancy, while the association strength of carbon monoxide shows a trough in early pregnancy, and sulfur dioxide and ozone affect cardiac health throughout pregnancy. In addition, we discussed the limitations of previous studies on the associations between maternal air pollutant exposure and CHD, and highlighted the application of precise assessment on exposure to air pollutants, the performance of prospective cohort studies and longitudinal studies, and the necessity of studies on CHD subtypes, in order to provide scientific evidence to control exposure to environmental pollutants and CHD occurrence.
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@#Small for gestational age ( SGA ),one of the major adverse pregnancy outcomes, significantly increases the risk of perinatal death and metabolic diseases in adulthood. It is of great significance to strengthen early surveillance and intervention for SGA prevention. Dyslipidemia during pregnancy, as a common metabolic disorder, has been considered to correlate with the increased risk of SGA; however, the epidemiological evidence is still controversial. We have systematically reviewed the recent studies related to the association between serum lipid level during pregnancy and the risk of SGA, so as to provide reference for prevention and intervention of SGA.
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Background: Deficiency of Vitamin D is a prominent health problem globally and its severity is significant in countries like India regardless of age, gender, race and geographical distribution. It is presently the most untreated nutritional deficiency worldwide. Vitamin D during pregnancy has an increasingly recognized range of functions such as' immune modulation, lung development etc. Hence, having the potential to' influence many factors in the developing fetus. Effects of vitamin D deficiency on fetal health is abundant; some being for brief period' of' time' and others may become apparent in later life. Objectives of this study the pattern of vitamin D deficiency in newborns with reference to its gestational age and birth weight.Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective observational study. Total 100 neonates born at MMIMSR, Ambala were enrolled out of which 50 were term and 50 preterm.Results: Out of 100 newborns delivered, 53 newborns were vitamin D deficient. Premature' newborns having 32 (60%) and term newborn having 21 (40%) were found to be deficient in vitamin D. Mean 25 (OH) levels were 21.81 ng/dl.Conclusions: More than half newborns were deficient in vitamin D. Premature newborns had relatively low levels as compared to the term newborns and the' difference' between' two were found' statistically significant.
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Objective To investigate the expression of MCT8, DCX, SHH and ARC/ARG3. 1 in brain neurons of neonatal rats exposed to thyroid dysfunction in uterus. Methods Wistar pregnant rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental groups that rats were drunk water with 1, 3, or 5 ppm propylthiouracil ( PTU). The thyroid function and morphological changes of PND1 and PND7 were detected. The expression of MCT8, DCX, SHH, ARC/ARG3. 1 protein in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were detected by Western blot or immunohistochemistry. Results (1) The levels of TT4 decreased significantly in PND1 pups of PTU 3 ppm and 5 ppm groups (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). The TSH levels significantly increased while FT4 levels significantly decreased in pups of PTU 5 ppm group on PND7 ( P＜0. 05). ( 2) The number NV, V, S, and cross-sectional area of thyroid follicles in offspring of PTU groups were significantly higher than those in the control group on postnatal day 1 and 7 (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01, respectively). (3) The expression of MCT8 in cortex and hippocampus gradually increased with the increase dose of PTU on two postnatal days, but there was significant change in PTU 5 ppm group on PND1 ( P＜0.05). The expression of SHH in pup cortex decreased with the increase of PTU exposure dose on PND7. DCX protein expression in the pup cortex on two postnatal days showed an uptrend with the increase of PTU exposure dose. ARC/ARG3.1 protein levels in hippocampal CA1 area of the pups increased significantly in PTU 1 ppm group on PND1 than that in the same-day control group ( P＜0. 05). Conclusion The damaged neurons of neonatal rats exposed to hypothyroidism in utero can be improved with the gradual recovery of thyroid function, but can not be completely restored to normal level.
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Objective To investigate the infection rate of human papillomavirus(HPV)among pregnant women, and to explore the effect of HPV infection on adverse pregnancy outcome. Methods A total of 1 679 pregnant women in hospital were collected for the research. The flow-through hybridization and genechip(HybriMax)method was used to detect the infection of HPV. Univariate analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting HPV infection in pregnant women. The binary logistic analysis was used to analyze risk factors affecting adverse pregnancy outcome. Results HPV infection rate was 31.39%(527/1 679), including 14.23%(239/1 679)of HR-HPV, 15.54%(261/1 679)of LR-HPV and 1.61%(27/1 679)of mixed of HR-HPV and LR-HPV. Univariate analysis showed that there was significant difference in initial sex age, education level and smoking history between infection group and non-infection group, with statistical difference(P<0.05). The incidence rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes in infection group(31.50%) was significant higher than that of non-infection group(9.81%), with statistical difference(P<0.01). The incidence rate of premature rupture of fetal membranes, newborn respiratory papillomatosis and other adverse pregnancy outcomes among HR-HPV group, LR-HPV group and mixed group had no significant difference (P>0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed HR-HPV infection(OR=4.194, 95% CI: 3.099-5.675), LR-HPV infection(OR=1.771, 95%CI: 1.288-2.434)and mixed type infection(OR= 3.350, 95%CI: 1.630-7.735)were the risk factors affecting adverse pregnancy outcome(P<0.01), however, age and times of gestation had no statistical significance in the binary logistic analysis(P>0.05). Conclusion HPV infection was the risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome, which indicated that screening work in pre-pregnancy and pregnancy, and persisting in early prevention, early detection and early treatment could reduce the incidence rate of adverse pregnancy outcome.
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Objective To investigate the effects of nonyphenol (NP)exposure during pregnant and lactation period on expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) mRNA and protein of hepatic tissues in offspring rats.Methods Pregnant rats were assigned to four groups:the exposure groups received gavage with NP at dose levels of 50 mg · kg-1 · d-1 (low dose group),100 mg · kg-1 · d-1 (medium dose group),200 mg · kg-1 · d-1 (high dose group) and the control group was treated with corn oil alone,NP exposure time was limited from gestational day 6 to postnatal day 21.The newborn rats were sacrificed at 90 days after birth,followed by blood collection and serum separation.Then,serum biochemical indicators of liver function and lipid levels were detected.Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX),superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities,malondialdehyde (MDA) level and CYP2E1 mRNA and protein levels were determined in hepatic tissues.Pathologic changes in hepatic tissues were observed with HE staining.Results Compared with the control group,the aspartate aminotransferase (ALT),alanine aminotransferase (AST) levels and AST/ALT ratio of offspring rats in exposure groups were increased in a dose-dependent manner (P＜0.05),as well as serum TG,TC and LDL-C levels were increased (P＜0.05).The liver tissue structure of the control group was normal.The hepatic sinus of the medium dose group was showed mild expansion and inflammatory cellular infiltration.Otherwise,the liver of high dose group had a large amount of lipid droplets.Compared with the control group,SOD and GSH-PX activities were obviously decreased,while MDA level was significantly decreased in each exposure group (P＜0.05).CYP2E1 mRNA and protein expression levels of medium and high dose groups were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Exposure to NP during gestation and lactation period can induce lipid metabolism disorders and inflammatory lesions in hepatic tissues of offspring rats,and it maybe associated With up-regulation of CYP2E1 expression.
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Objective To investigate the effects of nonyphenol (NP)exposure during pregnant and lactation period on expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) mRNA and protein of hepatic tissues in offspring rats.Methods Pregnant rats were assigned to four groups:the exposure groups received gavage with NP at dose levels of 50 mg · kg-1 · d-1 (low dose group),100 mg · kg-1 · d-1 (medium dose group),200 mg · kg-1 · d-1 (high dose group) and the control group was treated with corn oil alone,NP exposure time was limited from gestational day 6 to postnatal day 21.The newborn rats were sacrificed at 90 days after birth,followed by blood collection and serum separation.Then,serum biochemical indicators of liver function and lipid levels were detected.Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX),superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities,malondialdehyde (MDA) level and CYP2E1 mRNA and protein levels were determined in hepatic tissues.Pathologic changes in hepatic tissues were observed with HE staining.Results Compared with the control group,the aspartate aminotransferase (ALT),alanine aminotransferase (AST) levels and AST/ALT ratio of offspring rats in exposure groups were increased in a dose-dependent manner (P＜0.05),as well as serum TG,TC and LDL-C levels were increased (P＜0.05).The liver tissue structure of the control group was normal.The hepatic sinus of the medium dose group was showed mild expansion and inflammatory cellular infiltration.Otherwise,the liver of high dose group had a large amount of lipid droplets.Compared with the control group,SOD and GSH-PX activities were obviously decreased,while MDA level was significantly decreased in each exposure group (P＜0.05).CYP2E1 mRNA and protein expression levels of medium and high dose groups were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Exposure to NP during gestation and lactation period can induce lipid metabolism disorders and inflammatory lesions in hepatic tissues of offspring rats,and it maybe associated With up-regulation of CYP2E1 expression.
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Objective To investigate the changes of serum apolipoprotein M (ApoM) level in cord blood and pregnant women during different gestational periods and to explore the relationship with the occurance and development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods Three hundred and eight pregnant women performing regular prenatal examination were registered in Changzhou Women and Children Health Hospital from June,2011 to April,2013,including 99 normal pregnant women during the second trimester,122 during the third trimester,and 87 pregnant women with GDM.At the same time,100 samples of cord blood of normal neonates were collected.The levels of serum ApoM and other lipids were measured.Results (1) Serum ApoM levels in pregnant women during the second trimester,during the third trimester,and in the cord blood of normal neonate were (0.036-± 0.013) g/L,(0.023 ± 0.008) g/L,and (0.010 ± 0.004) g/L,respectively.(2) The serum ApoM level of GDM group was lower than that of control [(0.029 ± 0.010 vs 0.036 ± 0.013) g/L,P＜0.05].Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that there was statistically significant difference in ApoM levels between GDM and control groups after adjusting for potential confounders (Z =-3.62,P＜0.05).Conclusions The level of serum ApoM in pregnant women was increased at first and then decreased.The serum ApoM level in the neonatal cord blood was significantly lower than that in pregnant women.The level of serum ApoM was lowered with raised blood glucose level in women with GDM,suggesting that ApoM might play a role in the pathological processes of GDM.
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Aims: To evaluate the prevalence of malaria parasites among some pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Rivers State, Nigeria. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Five healthcare centres in Rivers State, Nigeria, between April and September 2011. Methodology: Peripheral blood samples were collected using venous procedure and the presence of malaria parasites was observed microscopically on thick and thin blood smears prepared from each sample. Personal data were collected through questionnaires and the general results gotten during this study were analyzed statistically using two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: The only species of malaria parasite identified in this study was Plasmodium falciparum. A total of 104 (26%) pregnant women were infected with P. falciparum in this study. Pregnant women in their first, second and third trimesters had prevalence rates of 27%, 27.3% and 21.8% respectively (P<0.05). Prevalence rates for primigraviidae, secundigraviidae and multiparous women were 26.1%, 31.5% and 20% respectively (P<0.05). prevalence rates of 26.9%, 27.8% and 21.5% were observed in pregnant women between the ages of 11-20, 21-30 and 31-40 respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: Malaria still needs to be given more attention due to its negative impact on pregnant women and their unborn children.
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@#ObjectiveTo explore the clinical and imageological features of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome(RPLS) during gestation period.MethodsClinical and imageological data of 4 pregnant women with RPLS were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsHeadache, seizure, confusion and visual loss were the mainly clinical manifestations. At MR imaging, the brain typically demonstrated focal regions of symmetric hemispheric edema which may disappear in several weeks. The parietal and occipital lobes were most commonly affected, followed by the frontal lobe cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Three of the four patients suffered eclampsia which happened in two days after delivery.ConclusionThere are distinctively clinical features in posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome during gestation period. Most of them are invovled in patients with eclampsia.
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The following notes on gestation periods and litter size in seven specimens of Leiurus quinquestriatus are presented as observational data. Specimens of Leiurus quinquestriatus from southern Egypt and southern Israel were mated in the laboratory during 2007; afterwards, gestation periods and litter sizes of all females were recorded. Previous studies on this species reported that the gestation period ranged from 150 to 155 days and that litter size was between 12 and 99 offspring. In the present study, gestation periods in specimens from both geographic regions varied from 155 to 227 days and litter sizes were between 35 and 87 offspring. The current contribution expands on previously published data on gestation periods and supports previously reported litter size in Leiurus quinquestriatus.(AU)
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Animales , Femenino , Embarazo , Escorpiones , Tamaño de la CamadaRESUMEN
0.05). Compared with the control group,an obvious retarded development was observed from PND21-70 and the viscera coefficient of testis were increased significantly in 2.5 or 5.0 mg/(kg?d) group (P
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Objective To study the correlation between level of nitric oxide/ nitricoxide synthase(NO/NOS) on placenta homogenate and ultra-structure changes of placenta in pregnancy lead exposure in rats.Methods Seventeen normal pregnant rats and 46 rats of exposured in lead which were divided into A,B,C groups were studied.The level of NO/NOS of placenta were measured by nitrate reductase and NOS kit.Placentas were randomly selected from each group to detect ultra-structure by electron-microscope.Results There were significant difference among A,B and control groups on level of NO/NOS(all P0.05).Compensation hyperplasy or minor injury were observed in lead exposure of stage groups.Lead exposure during whole gestation period,the lead level was maxmum,and decompensation were observed on placental construction.Conclusions There is a close correlations between level of lead,NO/NOS and pathological change of placental tissue,and both of them may play an important role in the pathogenesis of peripartum lead exposure.
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A type of endomitotic chromosome reduplication in the interphase stage of cell cycle was found in lymphocyte cultures of couples with spontaneous abortions. To find out the presence of this anomaly chromosomal analysis was performed in a series of 20 women with repeated spontaneous abortions and their husbands. Demographic data was also collected from them. Out of 40 individuals, a 27 years male whose wife has experienced three spontaneous abortions was found to have Endoreduplication. His wife was normal with 46, XX chromosomal complement.
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Objective To exploit the best therapy of medical abortion during the gestation period from12 to 24 weeks. Methods The therapy of the observatory group included: Diethylstilbestrol, Mifepristone and Misoprostol. And that of the control group was: Mifepristone and Misoprostol. Results The effective rate of observatory group was 100%, the uterus contracted in (0.57?0.24)hours , the placenta and fetus were delivered in(7.22?4.91)hours, the volume of blood lost during labor was (148.99?58.94)ml, clearance lochia time was (14.8?7.8)days. The effective rate of control group was 92%, and uterus contracted in (0.63?0.37)hours, the placenta and fetus were delivered in(9.21?1.96)hours, the volume of blood lost was (148.99?58.94) ml, clearance time lochia is (18.6?9.0)days. According to the above datum, the two groups showed significant difference ( P
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Chromosomal analysis was performed in a series of 30 women with repeated spontaneous abortions and their husbands. Out of the 30 women, one woman of age 28 years with history of spontaneous abortions was detected to be a chromosomal mosaic 46,XX/47,XXX and with corresponding sex chromatin positive picture C +ve / ++ve. She had normal phenotype and spontaneous abortions that occurred in the second/third months of pregnancy. Her husband was normal and has normal karyotype (46,XY).