RESUMEN
Tillage is the physical manipulation of soil into optimum conditions, which enhance the soil health for better crop productivity. A field investigation was carried out to evaluate conservation agriculture effect on soil nutrient conservation and set up in spilt plot design. Zero tillage (M3) witnessed significantly (P<0.05) greater nitrogen availability (288.17, 251.39 and 239.70 kg ha-1), K2O (229.04, 209.80 and 193.73 kg ha-1) than conventional tillage (M1) at soil depths 0-7.5, 7.5-15 and 15-30 cm, respectively. In green manuring practices, horse gram (C3) recorded OC (0.53, 0.51 and 0.47 %), available sulphur (23.38, 20.61 and 18.10 mg kg-1) followed by sun hemp. The interaction combination of M3C3 recorded highest soil nutrient status. Significantly lowest microbial population were found in M1, was due to faster decomposition organic matter resulted in unfavourable condition for survival. Overall adopting M1 alone (1 Ploughing + 2 harrowing + 1 intercultural operation) adversely affect soil health.
RESUMEN
A field study was conducted at College farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design consisting of eight treatments viz., T1: In-situ green manuring (GM) of Sunhemp at 45 DAS + 0 kg N ha-1 at tasseling (T) stage, T2: GM + 10 kg N ha-1 at T, T3: GM + 20 kg N ha-1 at T, T4: GM + 30 kg N ha-1 at T, T5: GM + 40 kg N ha-1 at T, T6: GM + 50 kg N ha-1 at T, T7: GM + 60 kg N ha-1 at T, T8: Farmer’s Practice (Application of RDF without green manuring) replicated thrice on clay loam soil to evaluate the effect of in-situ green manuring on the growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area, SPAD and dry matter of rabi maize and the proportion up to which it can compensate nitrogen application at tasseling stage through in-situ green manuring at 45 DAS and variable application of nitrogen split scheduled from 10 – 60 kg ha-1 at tasseling stage besides farmers practice. The results indicated that, at 30 and 60 DAS, plant height, leaf area, SPAD and dry matter content did not vary significantly as all the treatments received equal doses of recommended nitrogen @ 60 kg ha-1 at the time of sowing and 30 DAS. However, at 90 DAS and at harvest equivalent and higher plant height, leaf area, SPAD and dry matter values obtained in the treatments involving green manuring along with the variable application of nitrogen split in 30 (T4), 40 (T5), 50 (T6) and 60 (T7) kg ha-1 at tasseling stage. Furthermore, the study concludes that at tasseling stage, the crop can be compensated with in situ green manuring up to 30 kg ha-1 meeting the nitrogen needs of the crop.
RESUMEN
O cultivo e a deposição de resíduos de plantas de cobertura em sistema plantio direto podem afetar os atributos químicos do solo e a produção de cebola. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a interferência do cultivo de plantas de cobertura sobre a produção de cebola e sobre os atributos químicos do solo em sistema plantio direto (SPD) agroecológico. O experimento foi conduzido na EPAGRI, em Ituporanga (SC), em um Cambissolo Húmico, nas safras de 2010 e 2011. Em abril, foram implantados os tratamentos: testemunha com vegetação espontânea (T1); cevada (2010)/aveia-preta (2011) (T2); centeio (T3); nabo-forrageiro (T4); centeio + nabo-forrageiro (T5); e cevada (2010)/aveia-preta (2011) + nabo-forrageiro (T6). Aos 60, 80 e 95 dias após a semeadura (DAS) das espécies de inverno, coletou-se a parte aérea das plantas e determinou-se a produção de matéria seca por hectare. Em julho, foram transplantadas mudas de cebola e, em novembro, avaliou-se a produção. Após o acamamento das plantas de cobertura de inverno e a colheita da cebola, foi coletado solo na camada de 0-10 cm e submetido à análise de atributos químicos. O cultivo e a deposição dos resíduos de matéria seca das espécies de plantas de cobertura em SPD contribuíram para o aumento e a manutenção da produção total de cebola ao longo dos anos. Os atributos químicos do solo, com exceção do K trocável, P disponível e valores de saturação da CTCpH7,0 por bases não foram afetados pelo cultivo de plantas de cobertura.
The cultivation and deposition of waste from cover crops in no-tillage can affect soil chemical attributes and onion yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dry matter yield of plant species from winter cover crops, onion yield and chemical attributes of soil in agroecological no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out at EPAGRI Experimental Station in Ituporanga (SC) under Humic Haplumbrept in the agricultural years of 2010 and 2011. The following treatments was implanted in April: weed vegetation (T1), Hordeum vulgare L. (2010)/Avena strigosa L. (2011) (T2), Secale cereale L. (T3), Raphanus sativus L. (T4), Secale cereale L + Raphanus sativus L. (T5) e Hordeum vulgare L. (2010)/Avena strigosa L. (2011) + Raphanus sativus L. (T6). At 60, 80 and 95 days after sowing (DAS) of winter species, the cover crops were collected to determine the dry matter yield. In July the onion seedlings were transplanted and in November the yield was evaluated. After the rolling of winter cover crops and after onion harvest, soil was collected at 0-10cm for the evaluation of chemical attributes. The cultivation and deposition of waste from cover crops in no-tillage contributed to the growth and maintenance of the total production of onion over the years. The soil chemical attributes in 0-10cm layer, with the exception of exchangeable K, available P and CTCpH7,0 saturation values for bases, were not affected by cover crops cultivation and deposition of waste.
RESUMEN
A prática da adubação verde promove benefícios aos sistemas de produção de hortaliças. Este trabalho foi conduzido na fazenda experimental Rafael Fernandes do Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró-RN, no período de junho a outubro de 2009, com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho agronômico do coentro da cultivar 'Verdão' sob diferentes quantidades e tempos de incorporação da jitirana ao solo. O delineamento experimental usado foi de blocos completos casualizados com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 4x4, com três repetições, com 144 plantas por parcela, sendo o primeiro fator constituído pelas quantidades de jitirana (5,4; 8,8; 12,2 e 15,6Mg ha-1 em base seca), o segundo pelos tempos de sua incorporação ao solo (0, 10, 20 e 30 dias antes a semeadura - DAS). A cultivar de coentro plantado foi a 'Verdão'. As características avaliadas foram: altura e número de hastes por planta, matéria fresca e massa da matéria seca da parte aérea. Foi observada interação significativa para número de hastes por planta. O melhor desempenho agronômico do coentro foi obtido na quantidade de 15,6Mg ha-1 de jitirana incorporada ao solo, no tempo de 30 dias.
The practice of green manuring promotes benefits to production systems of hortals. One experiment was carried out at experimental farm of Departament of plant Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró-RN, in the period from June to October 2009, with the aim of evaluating the agronomic performance of coriander under different amounts and decomposition times of and scarlet starglory incorporated into the soil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with treatments arranged in a 4x4, with three replications, and 144 plants per plot, where the first factor consisted of the amounts of scarlet starglory (5.4, 8.8, 12.2 and 15.6Mg ha-1 dry matter), the second one by the times of soil incorporation (0, 10, 20, and 30 days before sowing - DAS). The cultivar planted of cilandro was Verdão. The characteristics evaluated in the cilandro were: plant height and number of stalks per plant, fresh mass and dry matter mass of shoots. Was significant interaction between for number stalks per plant. The best agronomic performance for cilantro was obtained in the dose of 15.6Mg ha-1 of scarlet starglory incorporated into the soil at time 30 days.
RESUMEN
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o plantio direto de cebolinha orgânica sob cobertura do solo viva e morta, com efeito residual da aplicação de composto orgânico. Para tanto, foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcela subdividida, com quatro repetições. As parcelas corresponderam aos sistemas de plantio direto com cobertura viva de Arachis pintoi, cobertura viva de plantas espontâneas e cobertura com palhada de resteva natural que foram comparados ao preparo convencional do solo com canteiro e sem cobertura. As subparcelas representavam as doses residuais de composto orgânico 35, 70 e 105t ha-1 ano-1 (base seca). O plantio direto na palha proporcionou resultados superiores ao preparo convencional do solo e aos dois sistemas de plantio direto sob cobertura viva de A. pintoi e plantas espontâneas. O efeito residual da adubação orgânica foi crescente com aumento da dose de adubo no plantio direto na palhada e não ocorreu no plantio direto com as coberturas vivas.
The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of the no-tillage organic green onion under living and dead soil cover, with residual application of composted mulch. The experimental design was used in randomized blocks with four replicates, in split-plot arrangement with four replications. The plot corresponded to the planting system (no-tillage with living mulch of Arachis pintoi, living mulch of native weed, straw mulch and conventional tillage). In each plot the split-plot were represented by the residual doses of organic compost 35, 70 e 105t ha-1 year-1 in the dry compost. The no-tillage in the straw provided superior results to the conventional tillage of the soil and to the two no-tillage systems under living mulch of A. pintoi and native weed. The residual effect of the organic manuring grew with the increase of the fertilizer dose in the no tillage straw, which didn't happen in the no-tillage with living mulch.