Consideraciones epistémicas para la formación profesional pedagógica de los tecnólogos de la salud / Epistemic considerations for the pedagogical professional training of the health technologists

La consolidación del trabajo docente, asistencial, investigativo y administrativo es un elemento de vital significación en la formación profesional pedagógica, que incide en el desempeño como futuro profesional. Con este trabajo se busca analizar algunas consideraciones epistémicas para la formación profesional pedagógica de los tecnólogos de la salud; por lo que se consideran los principales conceptos y las consideraciones para el trabajo de las habilidades pedagógicas y su importancia en el tecnólogo de la salud; asimismo, se revela que se carece de una sistematización lógica que favorezca la adquisición de las herramientas para la formación profesional pedagógica en los estudiantes.

The consolidation of the teaching, assisting, investigative and administrative work is an element of vital significance in the pedagogical professional training that impacts in the acting of students as future professional. With this work it is planned to analyze some epistemic considerations for the pedagogical professional training of the health technologists; for which they are considered the main concepts and the considerations for the work of the pedagogical skills and their importance in the health technologist; also, it is revealed that there is no logical systematizing offering the obtention of tools for the pedagogical professional training in the students.

Impacto de la formación científico-investigativa en el desempeño profesional del tecnólogo de la salud / Impact of the scientific-investigative training in the professional performance of the health technologist

Teniendo en cuenta el insuficiente desempeño investigativo del tecnólogo de la salud en la solución de problemas, que limitan su actuar profesional, se implementó una estrategia de gestión formativa en la Facultad de Enfermería-Tecnología de la Salud de Santiago de Cuba, en el período 2015-2016, a fin de perfeccionar la formación permanente de la cultura científico-investigativa de estos profesionales, para lo cual se revisaron las hojas de cargo, se realizaron entrevistas a los profesores y se aplicaron encuestas a estudiantes, tecnólogos y pacientes. Se observó el perfeccionamiento del desempeño profesional y la solución dada a los problemas que se presentan en los diferentes servicios donde laboran los tecnólogos de la salud.

Taking into account the scarce investigative performance of the health technologist in the solution of problems that limit his professional performance, a strategy of management training was implemented in the Nursing-Technology Health Faculty of Santiago de Cuba, during 2015-2016, aimed at perfectioning the permanent training of the scientific-investigative culture of these professionals, for which the position papers were reviewed, interviews were carried out to the professors and surveys were applied to students, technologists and patients. The improvement of the professional performance and the solution given to the problems that are presented in the different services where the health technologists work were observed

Influencia del tutor en la educación en el trabajo / Tutor's influence in education at work

El método de tutoría actúa de forma flexible y se acomoda a cada uno de los estudiantes, de acuerdo con su personalidad, intereses, conocimientos, capacidades, nivel de dificultades y avances. Actúa dentro de un sistema de enseñanza aprendizaje colectivo. En este proceso juegan un papel importante los factores que influyen en la formación de la personalidad, y dentro de ellos la escuela; que como institución está llamada a cumplir el rol de mayor responsabilidad en la formación de las nuevas generaciones, pero para cumplir con este papel, requiere de un trabajo conjunto con el tutor del área práctica, ya que este resulta un eje fundamental para el desempeño del futuro profesional. En Cuba, en las condiciones de la formación profesionallos tutoresson docentes en ejercicio. Dada la importancia que tiene el tutor y el papel que debe jugar en la práctica profesional, para una correcta contribución a la preparación y formación de los futuros tecnólogos, este artículo se propuso fundamentar el valor que tiene este durante la educación en el trabajo. Se abordan aspectos de gran interés para su desempeño, relacionados con su labor desde el área práctica, incluyendo la formación en valores (AU).

The tutoring method works in a flexible way and is able to accommodate to every of the students according to their personality, interests, knowledge, capacity, difficulties level and advances. It functions as a part of a collective teaching-learning process. The factors influencing in personality's formation play an important role in this process, especially the school. As an institution, the school should play a role of higher importance in forming new generations, but to play this role a combined work with the tutor of the practical area is needed because the tutor is a main piece in the performance of the future professional. In Cuba, in the conditions of the professional training, tutors are pedagogues in exercise of their profession. Due to the importance of the tutor and the role he/she should play in the professional practice for a correct contribution to the training of future health technologists, this article had the purpose of explaining the importance they have in the education at work. Several aspects are approached that are of great interest for the sake of tutors´ performance, related with their practical work including values formation (AU).

A expansão do rastreio do câncer do colo do útero e a formação de citotécnicos no Brasil / The expansion of screening for cervix cancer and the training of cytotechnologists in Brazil

O trabalho discute a emergência da categoria profissional dos citotécnicos no Brasil e sua trajetória entre a década de 1970 e o final dos anos 1990. No início desse período, a Organização Pan-americana de Saúde passou a considerar o câncer do colo do útero como um grave problema de saúde pública, passível de ser controlado nos países em desenvolvimento. Nesse contexto, surgem as primeiras campanhas de rastreamento da doença no país. A institucionalização dessas campanhas transformou os citotécnicos em elementos indispensáveis para a viabilização do controle da doença. Com a expansão da demanda por sua atividade e o surgimento das primeiras iniciativas para sua formação, novas questões começam a surgir. Como formar, em quantidade e qualidade adequadas, esses novos profissionais? Qual a grade curricular adequada às suas tarefas e responsabilidades? Como monitorar o funcionamento dos cursos? No campo da normatização da nova atividade, outras questões se apresentam: como garantir o monopólio sobre a atividade exercida, como caracterizar sua especificidade, qual a formação exigida aos que vão exercê-la? Tais pontos passam a ser temas de embates e negociações, num típico processo de consolidação de uma nova profissão. O processo de institucionalização do programa de prevenção do câncer do colo do útero e a consequente necessidade de garantia de qualidade dos exames executados fizeram com que essas questões voltassem ao centro das atenções. Este estudo visa a contribuir para a ampliação do conhecimento sobre a formação do citotécnico, e em âmbito mais geral, ao processo de formação profissional em saúde no Brasil.

The paper discusses the emergence of the professional category of cytotechnologists in Brazil and its history from the 1970s and late 1990s. At the beginning of this period, the Pan American Health Organization considered cervix cancer as a serious public health problem, which can be controlled in developing countries. In this context, arose the first campaigns tracking the disease in the country. The institutionalization of these campaigns made the cytotechnologists indispensable for the disease control. With the expansion of demand for its activity and the emergence of the first initiatives for its formation, new issues begin to emerge. How these new professionals could be trained in adequate quantity and quality? What is the appropriate curriculum to their duties and responsibilities? How to monitor the functioning of the courses? In the field of standardization of the new activity, other questions arise: how to secure a monopoly on the activity performed, how to characterize their specificity, which required training to those who will exercise it? These points become topics of debates and negotiations, a typical process of consolidating a new profession. The process of institutionalization of the program of prevention of cancer of the cervix and the consequent need for quality assurance tests performed have made these issues return to the limelight. This study aims to contribute to the expansion of knowledge about the formation of cytotechnologists, and the more general context, the process of health training in Brazil.