RESUMEN
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder associated with habit of chewing betel quid containing arecanut. Morphological features of OSMF especially fibrosis suggests a possibility of the hypoxic environment in diseased tissues. The adaptation of cells to hypoxia appears to be mediated via hypoxia inducible factor-1? (HIF-1?) which is also said to be associated with malignant transformation of epithelial cells in various other carcinomas like prostate and cervical carcinoma. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the role of HIF-1? in progression and malignant transformation of OSMF. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of histo-pathologically diagnosed 30 cases of oral submucous fibrosis and 10 cases of OSCC were taken as control. The immunohistochemistry was carried out on neutral buffered formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections by using the monoclonal antibody of HIF-1?. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 2.0. Results: A gradual and significant rise in the expression of HIF-1? was observed in various grades of OSMF and OSCC cases. HIF 1? expression was increased in cases showing hylanization and constricted blood vessels. A cut off value of 39.6% of HIF-1? positive cells was determined statistically to categorize the cases into high risk and low risk group for malignant transformation. Conclusion: Overexpression of HIF-1? may contribute to the progression and malignant transformation of OSMF. Cases expressing more than 40% of HIF-1? positive cells are at a greater risk for malignant transformation.
RESUMEN
Background: Preterm delivery is a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality and its prevention assumed special importance in the practice of obstetrics It is well known that the risk of neonatal death increases exponentially with decreasing gestational age and weight Aim of present study was to study the incidence of bacterial Vaginosis in established preterm labor and also in Pregnant Women with previous History of Preterm Labor in our Population as several recent studies have documented association between bacterial vaginosis and Preterm labor Materials and methods: The present study was undertaken for a period of two years from 2015- 2017 at Government Hospital, Siddipet 50 Cases with high risk for preterm labor were included in the study and 50 cases with term labor in control group Results: Majority of the women in both groups were between 20-24 years Majority of the cases had no previous abortion in both the groups Mean gestational age who has gone into preterm labor was 31-33 weeks The incidence of BV was higher among the study group (36%) compared to control group and was statistically significant (p<005) BV has significantly associated with 345 fold risk for preterm labor (odd’s ratio – 345) CI 128-98 statistically significant when compared to controls Conclusion: In this study, a significant difference in the presence of BV in patients of preterm labor and term labor was found (P<005) This observation could indicate a definite association of BV with preterm labor The relative risk of the presence of the BV in preterm labor was found to be 345 (95% CI -128 -918) Also BV was associated with 25 fold increased risk for preterm labor at earlier gestational age
RESUMEN
Background: The urban poor is a group that is known to be vulnerable to adoption of a more urbanized lifestyle that places them at a higher risk for diabetes. Individuals who are unaware of their disease status are more prone to micro- and macrovascular complications. Hence, it is necessary to detect this large pool of undiagnosed participants with diabetes and offer them early therapy. The aim of this study was to use the Indian Diabetes Risk Score, developed by the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF-IDRS), to assess the prevalence of people at high risk for developing diabetes, and the correlation with known risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of the urban health training centre of a private medical college in Pune, Maharashtra. A total of 425 participants aged 20 years and above were screened for risk factors, including age, waist circumference, family history of diabetes and physical activity. Random testing of the blood glucose level of participants with a high risk score was carried out using a glucometer. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by using the chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of people at high risk of diabetes was 36.55%. Among high-risk participants on univariate analysis, primary education (P = 0.004), lower socioeconomic class (P = 0.002), less physical activity (P < 0.001) and high waist circumference (P < 0.001) were major contributing factors, while in the moderate-risk group, lower socioeconomic class and high waist circumference were the prominent risk factors for diabetes. Multivariate analysis showed that higher education, moderate to vigorous activity and high waist circumference were significantly associated with risk status. Out of 140 high-risk participants, 68 (49%) had a random capillary blood glucose level of 110 mg/dL or above. Conclusion: As the prevalence of people at high risk for diabetes was high, lifestyle changes and awareness regarding risk factors is needed to take control of the diabetes in the study population.