A survey of awareness and knowledge of human papillomavirus vaccination in schoolgirls and their parents / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

<b>Objective</b> : To investigate the knowledge of cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination amongst vaccinated schoolgirls and their parents.<br><b>Methods</b> : All schoolgirls age range 12 to 18 years who received HPV vaccination and their parents, answered a questionnaire concerning the knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer, and vaccine provision at nine primary care clinics in Gifu Prefecture, Japan.<br><b>Results</b> : A total of 66 schoolgirls and 57 parents completed the questionnaire. A large proportion of the schoolgirls received information from their schools and their families regarding HPV. Many parents derived information about HPV from their local governments, television commercials, and their children's schools. Half of the schoolgirls were concerned about their decision to receive the HPV vaccination. Fifteen percent of them were hesitant to receive the vaccination because of the fear of pain. However, none of them were concerned about possible infertility or miscarriage. Fifteen percent of the schoolgirls and fifty-four percent of the parents acknowledged that cervical cancer is caused by HPV. Forty-one percent of the schoolgirls and seventy-nine percent of the parents reported that cervical cancer is a sexually transmitted infection. Twenty-one percent of the schoolgirls and sixty-three percent of the parents knew that a medical examination exists for detection of cervical cancer, whereas seventy-one percent of the former and ninety percent of the latter reported that the schoolgirls should receive an appropriate medical examination.<br><b>Conclusion</b> : Currently, schoolgirls' knowledge of the HPV vaccine in the Gifu area of Japan is inadequate and therefore, it is imperative to provide better healthcare education.

The Food and Nutrient Intakes on weekdays and weekends Among High School Girls in Seoul

The food and nutrient intakes on weekdays and weekends was examined with 196 high school girls residing in Seoul using the 3-day food record. Frequency for skipping breakfast was higher than that for lunch and dinner. Frequencies for skipping breakfast and lunch were significantly higher on weekends than on weekdays (p < 0.05). The daily average food, vegetable food, and animal food intakes were 1,074.8 g, 680.0 g, and 317.3 g, respectively. The total food and vegetable food intakes on weekdays were significantly higher than on weekends (p < 0.05). The daily average dietary variety score (DVS) was 20.5, and was significantly higher on weekdays (23.3) than on weekends (15.1)(p < 0.05). The daily averages of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intake were 1,732.9 kcal, 68 g, 56.2 g, and 240.9 g, respectively. Energy, protein, carbohydrate, phosphate, iron, sodium, potassium, thiamin, niacin, folate and vitamin C intakes were significantly higher on weekdays than on weekends (p < 0.05). Fat intake was significantly lower on weekdays than on weekends (p < 0.05). The daily average percentages of energy intake from carbohydrate, protein, and fat were 55.4%, 15.6%, and 29.0%: 56.1%, 15.8%, and 28.2% on weekdays and 54.7%, 15.3%, and 30.1% on weekends, respectively. The percentages of energy intake from carbohydrate on weekdays and weekends were below 60%, and that from fat was above 28% on weekdays and weekends. The daily averages of energy, vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin and phosphate intake were above 80% as compared with the estimated energy requirement (EER) or the recommended intake (RI). The intakes of calcium, potassium and folate were below 50% as compared with the adequate intake (AI) or (RI). The daily average mean adequacy ratio (MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, was 0.77, and significantly high school girls was worse on weekends than on weekdays.

A Study on Nutrient Intake Status and Food Sources of Iron by Dietary Iron Density of High School Girls in Seoul

This study was conducted to examine nutrient intake status and iron food sources by dietary iron density of high school girls in Seoul. The subjects of 226 girls were divided into High group (> or = 6 mg/1,000 kcal, N = 115) and Low group (< 6 mg/1,000 kcal, N = 111) by dietary iron density. The nutrient intake data obtained by 24-hour recall method were analyzed by Can pro 3.0 software. Mean age of all subjects was 16.4 years old, heights and weights of High group and Low group were 164.5 cm, 53.4 kg and 161.7 cm, 51.7 kg, respectively. The body mass index (BMI) of High group and Low group was 20.5 kg/m2 and 19.8 kg/m2, respectively. Most nutrient intakes except energy and lipid intakes of High group were higher than those of Low group. High group showed significantly higher intakes of total iron, vegetable iron and animal iron than Low group. Ca and folate intakes of High group were under 75% of the recommended intake (RI) and Ca, iron, folate and vitamin C intakes of Low group were under 65% of RI. The percentage of subjects who consumed iron less than estimated average requirements (EAR) were 40.0% in High group and 77.5% in Low group. Total food intakes of High group showed higher than that of Low group. Total animal food intakes were significantly higher and total vegetable food intakes were significantly lower in Low group than those of High group. Iron intake from meats, fishes, shell fishes and seasonings were significantly higher in High group than Low group. Iron intake from milk and dairy products were significantly lower in High group than Low group. Major food sources of iron were rice, bean curd, pork, and egg in order among both groups.