Healthcare Professionals’ Standard Of Care During COVID-19 Pandemic (Piawaian Penjagaan dan Rawatan Kesihatan Semasa Pandemik COVID-19) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Since the beginning of the year 2020, Malaysia has been gravely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic where to date over four million of its population have been infected with the virus. At the time of writing this paper, the number of infections is still alarming. This situation undoubtedly places a strain on the healthcare system, particularly on healthcare professionals who have been entrusted to treat COVID-19 patients. Treating a high number of patients in an unprecedented situation may pose a challenge for doctors to fulfil their legal duties that arise from the usual doctor-patient relationship particularly in discharging the established standard of care imposed by the law. This is the main issue that this paper seeks to explore. In addition, this paper also examines doctors’ duty of care towards non-COVID-19 patients amidst limited medical resources and policy consideration that inevitably causes a delay in giving medical treatments and elective surgeries. In answering these questions, the method employed in this paper is qualitative analysis. In conclusion, it is suggested that keeping up to the established standard of care is crucial in maintaining public confidence in the medical profession and also to protect public health and welfare.

Challenges of Cooperation between the Pre-hospital and In-hospital Emergency services in the handover of victims of road traffic accidents: A Qualitative Study

Objective. To take a deep look at the challenges of cooperation between the pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency services in the handover of victims of road traffic accidents. Methods. This is a qualitative study and the method used is of content analysis type. Semistructured interviews were used to collect the data. Through purposive sampling, fifteen employees from ambulance personnel and hospital emergency staff were selected and interviewed. They expressed their experiences of cooperation between these two teams in the handover of traffic accident casualties. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and content analysis method was used to explain and interpret the content of the interviews. Results. Three major categories were derived from the analysis of interviews: Shortage of infrastructureresources (Shortage of equipment, Shortage of physical space, and Shortage of manpower); Inefficient and unscientific management (Shaky accountability, Out-ofdate information based activities, Poor motivation, and Manpower low productivity); and Non-common language (Difference in understanding and empathy, and Difference in training and experience). Conclusion. The obtained results of this study suggest that the careful planning of resources, the promotion of managerial practices as well as empowerment program of the staff, healthcare managers and policymakers can take a pace forward in order to enter into a hearty coordination between these two services for the attention of victims of road traffic accidents.

Objetivo. Examinar los desafíos para la cooperación entre los servicios de emergencias prehospitalarias y hospitalarias en la entrega de víctimas de accidentes de tránsito. Métodos. Estudio cualitativo con análisis de contenido. Se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas para la recopilación de los datos. Se seleccionaron y entrevistaron quince personas de los equipos de atención prehospitalaria y del servicio de emergencias de un hospital a partir del muestreo intencional. Los participantes expresaron sus experiencias de cooperación entre estos dos grupos en la entrega de víctimas de accidentes de tráfico. Las entrevistas se transcribieron textualmente y se utilizó el análisis de contenido para explicar e interpretar el contenido de las entrevistas. Resultados. Emergieron tres categorías principales: Escasez de recursos de infraestructura (equipos, espacio físico y de personal); Gestión ineficiente y no científica (responsabilidad inestable, actividades basadas en información desactualizada, motivación deficiente, y baja productividad de personal); y Lenguaje no común (diferencia en comprensión y empatía, y diferencia en capacitación y experiencia). Conclusión. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio muestran dificultades con la planificación de los recursos y la promoción de las prácticas de gestión, así como la necesidad de un programa de empoderamiento del personal. Se deben formular políticas para poder avanzar en el mejoramiento de la coordinación de los servicios en la atención a víctimas de accidentes de tráfico.

Objetivo. Examinar os desafios para a cooperação entre os serviços de emergências pré-hospitalar e hospitalar na entrega de vítimas de acidentes de trânsito. Métodos. Estudo qualitativo com análise de conteúdo. Se utilizaram entrevistas semiestruturadas para a recopilação dos dados. Através da amostra intencional se selecionaram e entrevistaram quinze pessoas das equipes de atenção pré-hospitalar e do serviço de emergências de um hospital. Os participantes expressaram suas experiências de cooperação entre estes dois grupos na entrega de vítimas de acidentes de trânsito. As entrevistas se transcreveram textualmente e se utilizou a análise de conteúdo para explicar e interpretar o conteúdo das entrevistas. Resultados. Emergiram três categorias principais: Escassez de recursos de infraestrutura (equipamentos, espaço físico e de pessoal); Gestão ineficiente e não científica (responsabilidade instável, atividades baseadas em informação desatualizada, motivação deficiente, e baixa produtividade de pessoal); e Linguagem não comum (diferença em compreensão e empatia, e diferença em capacitação e experiência). Conclusão. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo mostram dificuldades com a planificação dos recursos e a promoção das práticas de gestão, assim como a necessidade de um programa de empoderamento do pessoal. Se devem formular políticas para poder avançar no melhoramento da coordenação dos serviços na atenção as vítimas de acidentes de trânsito.

Optimal allocation of hospital resources in China based on reasonable average das of stay:research and prediction / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To measure and predict the hospital resources to be saved by reducing one day of stay in average in China,predict its future impacts,and to probe into the importance of less average days of stay for hospital resource deployment.Methods A mathematical model was used for quantitative analysis of the actual impacts of one less day of stay in China′s hospitals for the hospital resources,and the gray forecasting model was used to predict the hospital resources so saved by achieving so during 2013 to 2025.Results One hospital day less could save 9.41% of a hospital′s total bed resources.According to the growing trend of hospital beds in China and the deployment relationship,it is predicted that more hospital resources will be saved by one hospital day less in average from 2013 to 2025.Conclusions Shorter average days of stay and optimal deployment of hospital resources,should be based on quality of care.Less ineffective waiting time to shorten average days of stay can be breakthrough to improve the comprehensive efficiency of health resources.

HRP- and BSC-based system for evaluating performance of military hospitals / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To set up an evaluation system for hospital performance, so as to meet the requirement of health system reform, to properly allocate health resources, to effectively standardize the administration of military hospitals, and to upgrade their overall performance. Methods According to the current situation, an evaluation system for performance of military hospitals, which including four domains-finance, patients, internal flow, and learning and progression, was established based on the balanced scorecard (BSC) ideology using the hospital resources planning (HRP) system, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Delphi method. Results We established an evaluation system for the performance of military hospitals, which including four first level parameters, 13 second level parameters, and 55 third level parameters. Conclusion HRP combined with BSC for evaluating hospital performance can help the proper allocation of health resources in military hospitals, contributing to the sound, cost-saving and highly efficient administration of hospitals. Adjustment should be made in actual application, and attention should be given to the time effectiveness and scientific nature of the parameters.