Perfil epidemiológico de usuários encaminhados para atendimento fonoaudiológico em um município do Rio Grande do Sul / Epidemiological profile of users referred to speech therapy in a municipality in Rio Grande do Sul

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico de usuários encaminhados para atendimento fonoaudiológico no município de Canoas (RS). Métodos Estudo epidemiológico, transversal e descritivo. A pesquisa foi feita a partir de dados do Sistema Integrado de Gestão de Serviços de Saúde de Canoas (RS), com coleta da lista de espera para atendimento fonoaudiológico, sob controle da Diretoria de Regulação Municipal. Resultados a lista de espera contemplou 850 encaminhamentos para Fonoaudiologia, datando de 18/01/2018 até 27/08/2021. O maior número de encaminhamentos foi de crianças de 4 a 7 anos de idade, com 244 (28%), sendo 484 usuários do gênero masculino (56,9%), 702 brancos (82,6%) e encaminhados pela atenção primária (totalizando 76,2%). O tempo de espera na lista da regulação teve média de um ano e seis meses e variou com 186 usuários aguardando entre 7-12 meses (21,8%), 168 usuários aguardando entre 0,6 meses (19,7%) e 167 usuários aguardando entre 25-30 meses (19,6%). As queixas principais foram de linguagem e fala (60,2%). Conclusão Observou-se um represamento da demanda para atendimento fonoaudiológico pelo Sistema Único de Saúde em Canoas (RS), com baixa rotatividade e tempo de espera longo para reabilitação dos usuários, em sua maioria crianças. A partir deste estudo, espera-se auxiliar na identificação dessa demanda e, assim, possibilitar a criação de políticas públicas de habilitação ou reabilitação no município e melhorar o acesso da população ao atendimento especializado

ABSTRACT Purpose This research aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile of users referred to speech therapy in the city of Canoas/RS. Methods This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional and descriptive study. The research was based on data from the Canoas/RS. Integrated Health Services Management System (SIGSS), with collection of the waiting list for speech therapy, under the control of the Municipal Regulation Board. Results The waiting list included 850 referrals to Speech Therapy, dating from 01/18/2018 to 08/27/2021. The highest number of referrals was from children aged 4 to 7 years, with 244 (28%), 484 male users (56.9%), 702 white (82.6%) and referred by primary care (totaling 76, two%). The waiting time on the regulation list averaged 17.89 months (one year and six months) and varied with 186 users waiting between 7-12 months (21.8%), 168 users waiting between 0.6 months (19.7%) and 167 users waiting between 25-30 months (19.6%). The main complaints were language and speech (60.2%). Conclusion According to the data found, there was a damming of the demand for speech therapy care by the SUS in Canoas/RS., with low turnover and long waiting time for the rehabilitation of users, mostly children. This study is expected to help in the identification of this demand, and thus, enable the creation of public policies of habilitation or rehabilitation in the municipality and improve the population's access to specialized care.

Análisis fonoaudiológico en la interacción social Relatos de jóvenes migrantes de 8° básico, Antofagasta, Chile / Phonoaudiological Analysis In Social Interaction Stories of young migrants of 8th basic, antofagasta, chile

El trabajo se encuentra alineado de manera transversal a la agenda internacional 2030 del Objetivo del Desarrollo Sostenible [ODS] N°4 [meta 4.7] objetivos los cuales orientan a garantizar los contextos de aprendizaje seguros e inclusivos. La finalidad del trabajo es el análisis fonoaudiológico en la interacción social en los niveles semántico y pragmático del lenguaje, a través de los relatos de vida realizados por estudiantes migrantes de 8° básico, Antofagasta, Chile. La investigación es de carácter narrativo biográfico [relato]; con enfoque cualitativo; el estudio es de caso escolar y análisis de contenido con instrumento de recolección de datos. Para la transcripción del corpus de la entrevista semiestructurada, en complemento con el escrito, participaron ocho estudiantes de octavo año básico, de diferentes nacionalidades con edades comprendidas entre 13 y 14 años, matriculados en una escuela en la ciudad de Antofagasta. Los resultados, otorgan el significado de la naturaleza del objeto físico y social ante la necesidad de una interacción eficaz durante el periodo de inmersión comunicativa en la escuela. Se concluye la importancia del el apoyo fonoaudiológico a través de las herramientas comunicativas que permitan la relación entre la comunidad escolar en mediación de los conceptos nuevos usados en el establecimiento y en el país. Este es el desafío, que abandera la profesión como un aporte en la comunicación humana para la construcción de sociedades que acogen y conviven simétricamente con la diversidad.

The purpose of the work is the interpretation of the social interaction with the elements of the nature of the object [physical and social] through the life stories at the levels of semantic and pragmatic language of the eighth grade students of a school of Antofagasta in phonoaudiological perspective. Aligned transversally to the international 2030 agenda of the Sustainable Development Goal N ° 4 [target 4.7] they are aimed at guaranteeing safe and inclusive learning contexts. The research is biographical narrative [narrative]; qualitative approach; study of a school case and content analysis of the data collection instrument. Transcript of the corpus of the semi-structured interview, in addition to the written account of eight [8] eighth grade students aged between 13 and 14 from a school in the city of Antofagasta, Chile.The results give the meaning of the nature of the physical and social object in view of the need for a period of communicative immersion in school in effective interaction. The importance of speech and language support for communicatively fostering social support networks for a linguistic immersion that allows anticipation regarding the pragmatics to be placed in context in relation to behavior and at the semantic level mediate with the new concepts used in the establishment

La familia, la comunicación humana y el enfoque sistémico en su relación con la esquizofrenia / Family, human communication and systemic approach in their relation with schizophrenia

Para el análisis teórico y práctico de la familia es necesario conocer su funcionamiento, el concepto de sistema y sus diferentes teorías, la comunicación como elemento primordial en todo grupo social y las particularidades del doble vínculo en aquellas con un miembro esquizofrénico, ya que generalmente muestran problemas en la comunicación, no solo desde el comportamiento del enfermo, sino también desde los demás familiares. En ese sentido se efectuó una revisión bibliográfica relacionada con el tema que permite la selección del enfoque sistémico para la aplicación en la práctica diaria.

For the theoretical and practical analysis of the family it is necessary to know its way of functioning, the system concept and its different theories, communication as main element in all social group and the particularities of double binding in those with a schizophrenic member, since generally they show problems in communication, not only from the sick person's behavior, but also from the other family members behavior. In that sense, a literature review related to the topic was carried out which allows the selection of the systemic approach for the implementation in the daily practice.

Are dogs sensitive to the human's visual perspective and signs of attention when using a keyboard with arbitrary symbols to communicate?

This study investigated whether dogs take into account the human's direction of attention and visual field when they communicate by means of a keyboard with lexigrams. In order to test this, two dogs, Sofia and Laila, were given the choice between two keyboards, one visible and the other one non-visible from the experimenter's perspective. In one experiment, different barriers were positioned in such way so as to block the experimenter's visibility to one of the keyboards, and, in another experiment we manipulated human's signs of attention, like body orientation and visibility of the eyes. Sofia and Laila consistently preferred to use the keyboard that was in the human's visual field. Laila's choice was also influenced by the human's body orientation. Results suggested that the subjects are sensitive to the human's visual access to the keyboard when they use it to ask for food.

Este estudo investigou se cães levam em conta a direção da atenção e o campo visual do ser humano quando se comunicam por meio de um teclado com lexigramas. Para tanto, duas cadelas, Sofia e Laila, foram submetidas a uma situação em que podiam escolher entre dois teclados, um deles visível e outro não-visível sob a perspectiva do experimentador. Em um experimento, diferentes barreiras foram posicionadas de tal forma a bloquear a visibilidade do experimentador a um dos teclados, e, em outro, experimento manipulamos os sinais de atenção do ser humano, como orientação corporal e visibilidade dos olhos. Sofia e Laila preferiram consistentemente usar o teclado que estava dentro do campo visual do ser humano. A escolha de Laila também foi influenciada pela orientação corporal do ser humano. Os resultados sugerem que as duas são sensíveis ao acesso visual do ser humano ao teclado quando elas o usam para pedir comida.

Effectiveness of the Human Communications Course of the Tottori University Faculty of Medicine / 医学教育

1)The Human Communications course at Tottori University is composed of two elements: "experiential learning to raise awareness," which encourages students to reconsider human relationships in daily life and their own way of life, and "experience involving infants," which helps students to practice what they have learned through these intergenerational relations. In the present study, questionnaires were administered to students to examine the effectiveness of this course.<br>2)The survey results suggested that the Human Communications course facilitated the cultivation of self–concept in communication and of self–acceptance, particularly among students whose scores were less than the mean on the first day of the course.<br>3)Establishing a support system for interpersonal relationships and improving methods to assess the effects of the course are challenges for future work.

A perceção de mulheres sobre a assistência recebida em seu processo de ser mãe: um cenário de bons e maus-tratos / The women's perception on the attendance received in their process from being mother: scenery of good and mistreatments

O modelo assistencial vigente dispensado à mulher, em seu processo de ser mãe, caracteriza-se pela prioridade aos aspectos biológicos e desvios da normalidade clínica e obstétrica. Questionamos se essa maneira de assistir atende às demandas integrais da mulher que vivencia tal processo. Assim sendo, o objetivo do estudo foi compreender as percepções da mulher sobre a assistência de enfermagem que atende a suas demandas no processo de ser mãe. Aplicou-se a Técnica Projetiva de Desenho e Estória de Trinca, em que solicitou-se à participante do estudo que fizesse um desenho o qual retratasse a assistência recebida e contasse uma história sobre ele, a qual foi gravada e constituiu o material empírico desta pesquisa. As histórias foram organizadas, segundo o método de elaboração do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, e analisadas à luz do Modelo de Relacionamento Humano proposto por Hagerty, Linchar-Sauer, Patusky, e Bouwsema. Participaram 13 mães internadas no Instituto Fernandes Figueira - Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, no município do Rio de Janeiro. Da análise, apreenderam-se cinco Discursos do Sujeito Coletivo: 1. Sendo bem tratada. 2. Porque os profissionais tratam bem. 3. Sendo maltratada. 4. Porque os profissionais tratam mal. 5. Sentindo-se dependente. Por meio desses discursos, mostra-se a fragilidade e inconsistência de uma assistência à mulher, no seu processo de ser mãe, centrada em rotinas e perspectivas individuais dos profissionais. Nesse contexto, a mulher sente-se à mercê da boa vontade e da competência pessoal do profissional de estabelecer um relacionamento com ela, que permita a promoção de seu bem-estar. Dessa forma, dependendo dos profissionais com os quais interage, a mulher percebe-se em um cenário em que se alterna aos extremos de sentir-se bem tratada ou maltratada. Seus discursos denunciam a ausência de metas comuns e de um referencial que dê diretrizes para uma assistência e atuação profissional ) voltadas para a promoção da saúde materna e saúde infantil

The assistance model in force given to the woman in her process of being a mother is characterized by the priority of the biological aspects and diversions from the clinical and obstetric normality. We question if this way of assisting attends the integral demands of the woman that lives that process. Thus the objective of the study was to understand the woman's perceptions about the nursing assistance that assists their demands in the process of being a mother. The Projective Technique of Drawing and Story of Trine was applied and had requested to the participant of the study to do a drawing that to portray the assistance received and to tell a report about it, which was recorded. Those things have constituted the empiric material of this research. The reports were organized according to the method of elaboration of the Collective Subject's Speech and analyzed based on the Model of Human Relationship proposed by Hagerty, Lynch-Sauer, Patusky, and Bouwsema. Thirteen mothers interned at the Instituto Fernandes Figueira - Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, in Rio de Janeiro city, had taken part on this study. From the analysis, there were apprehended five Speeches of the Collective Subject: 1. Being well treated. 2. Why the professionals treat well. 3. Being badly treated. 4. Why the professionals mistreated. 5. Feeling dependent. Through those speeches, it is shown the fragility and inconsistency of assistance to the woman, in her process of being a mother, centered in individual routines and perspectives of the professionals. In that context, the woman feels at the mercy of the good will and of the personal competence from the professional to establish a relationship with her that allows the promotion of her well being. In that way, depending on the professionals with whom the woman interacts, she feels herself into a scenery which is altered to the extremely between feeling well treated or mistreated. Their speeches denounce the absence of common goals and of a reference that gives guidelines to a professional assistance and performance turned to the promotion of the maternal health

A Study about the Human Communication between Clinical Nurse and Patient / 간호학회지

This study tried to the answer to the question : "How does the human communication happen between clinical nurse and patient?" To answer that, a micro-ethnographic research method was used and I performed field work at the orthopedic ward in one Korean metropolitan city. After analysis of interview data, observational data and field notes, I could understand that clinical nurse-patient communication performed for clinical decision making, providing patient education and emotional support. Prepared nurse communicate with patient more effectively, eventually can establish more trust relationship with patient. Conclusively I discussed about the way of nurse's skill acquisition, need of collaborative conference with doctor and nurse, and curriculum development to promote nurses's understanding of human.