Precise implant insertion technology for measuring dental implant placement / 华西口腔医学杂志

Identifying the ideal implantation site is important for the long-term stability and effectiveness of follow-up restorations. Implant surgical guide and navigation are used to determine the implantation site in clinic and improve the precision of implantation. However, due to difficulties in digital methods, such as multiple procedures, high cost, and actual accuracy of more than 1 mm, many physicians still prefer to operate with free hand. In preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative procedures, time-saving and practical methods for implant site evaluation are lacking. In many cases, oral physicians found that the position deviates only by cone beam CT, which was costly to modify the position. In this article, we presented a precise implantation insertion technology that is guided by a measurable technique throughout the implantation application for all implant systems. This method was guided by a dynamic control measuring ruler, which functions together with the measuring and intraoperative locating rulers. The 3D space of the operative area was measured by a measuring ruler prior to operation, and the implant plan and quantitative guidance design were conducted according to the measured and cone beam CT data. The whole implantation process was guided by the dynamic control measuring ruler, and measuring verification results were also considered. This method can realize the quantification of the entire preoperative space analysis, intraoperative precise implantation guidance, and postoperative site measurement and evaluation. This practical technique also helps to adjust the position, improve the implantation accuracy and is suitable in generalizing dental implantation.

Histological and Immunohistochemical Findings of the Endometrium in Ectopic and Intrauterine Pregnancy

We reviewed histological and immunohistochemical findings of the endometrium in 28 cases of ectopic pregnancy and 11 cases of intrauterine pregnancy without chorionic villi or syncytiotrophoblast. 1) Twenty cases(71.41/o) of ectopic pregnancy revealed gestational patterns and 8 cases(28.6%) showed non-gestational patterns, which were menstrual phase in 3 cases, proliferative phase in I case, early secretary phase in 3 cases and mid secretary phase in 3 cases, respectively. Implantation sites were present in 36.40/o of intrauterine pregnancy. 2) Endometrial spiral arterioles tend to be more prominent with frequent intimal proliferation and thickening of the wall in intrauterine pregnancy than in ectopic pregnancy although it was not statistically significant(p=0.271). 3) Deposition of fibrinoid material in the endometrium was present in 72.7% of intrauterine pregnancy and 25% of ectopic pregnancy. Thrombosis was present in 72.7% of intrauterine pregnancy and 5% of ectopic pregnancy. Hyalinized vessels were also present in 90.9% of intrauterine pregnancy and 200/o of ectopic pregnancy. These were statistically significant(p=0.0002, 0.0209 and 0.0004), but not diagnostic. 4) On immunohistochemical study for intrauterine pregnancy, the rates of positive reaction to human placental lactogen, cytokeratin and human chorionic gonadotropin were 45.5%, 45.5% and 9%, respectively. We concluded that HFIL and cytokeratin are reliable and sensitive markers for implantation site.

THE HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATION OF THE INTERMEDIATE TROPHOBLAST OF THE HUMAN DECIDUA AT THE IMPLANTATION SITE / 解剖学报

This report presents microscopic observation on morphological and immuno- cytochemical characteristics of the trophoblast cells of the human decidua at the implantation site in the first trimester pregnancy .The infiltration of a unique type of large cells different from cytotrophoblast (CT) and syncytotrophoblast (ST) was found in the decidua at the implantation site. These unique cells are termed inter- mediate trophoblast (IT). They are typically mononucleate, but may be binucleate or multinucleate. The mononucleate cells vary in shape from round, polyhedral spindle shaped. Their cytoplasm is typically abundant and eosinophilic or amphophilic. The nuclei may vary in size and shape. These cells usually distribute around the spiral arterioles, differse blood vessel wall, penetrate into the lumen, and even replace the blood vessel wall totally. Immunocytochemically, both these cells and ST are stained positive for HCG and HPL. However, the HCG-stained Cell population of IT.is much lower than that of ST,while the of HPL stained cell population of IT is significantly higher than that of ST.On the other hand,neither HCG nor HPL are positive in CT. The results of SP-1 ?-HCG usually go with those of HCG.in CT, ST and IT.The PAPP-A gives non specific staining result. It is believed that IT,with its distinct morphological and immunocytochemical feats,is regarded as a transitional form in the shift from CT to ST.