A reforma trabalhista e as implicações para a saúde do trabalhador / Labor reform and its implications for workers' health

A Lei n. 13.467/2017, conhecida como Reforma Trabalhista, trouxe várias modificações ao texto da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho. Várias dessas mudanças desrespeitam as normas relativas à saúde do trabalhador, dispostas tanto na Constituição Federal de 1988 quanto na legislação infraconstitucional. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar as possíveis implicações da Reforma Trabalhista para a saúde do trabalhador, tendo em vista os regramentos constitucionais. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo, utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa com adoção da técnica de análise de conteúdo de documentos. Foram analisadas quatro alterações propostas pela Lei n. 13.467/2017, quais sejam: a possibilidade de alterar o enquadramento do grau de insalubridade mediante negociação coletiva; a possibilidade de reduzir o intervalo intrajornada também por negociação coletiva; a possibilidade de trabalho em condições insalubres durante a gravidez/fase de lactação; e a liberação da terceirização de qualquer atividade. Verificou-se que a "modernização" trazida pela reforma trabalhista consiste, na realidade, na desconstrução da estrutura constitucional e infraconstitucional de proteção ao trabalhador, com desrespeito aos padrões de saúde e segurança até então presentes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Como consequência, o estudo aponta para a probabilidade de aumento nos números de acidentes de trabalho e de doenças relacionadas ao trabalho.

Law 13.467/2017, known as the Labor Reform, brought several modifications to the text of the Consolidation of Labor Laws. Several of these changes disregard the norms related to workers' health, both in the Federal Constitution of 1988 and in the infraconstitutional legislation. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the possible implications of the Labor Reform for workers' health, considering the constitutional regulations. For the development of the study, the qualitative methodology was used with the adoption of the document content analysis technique. Four amendments proposed by Law 13.467/2017 were analyzed, namely: the possibility of changing the framework of the degree of unhealthiness through collective bargaining; the possibility of reducing the work break also through collective bargaining; the possibility of working in unhealthy conditions during pregnancy/ lactation, and the liberation of outsourcing of any activity. It was found that the "modernization" brought by the labor reform consists, in fact, in the deconstruction of the constitutional and infraconstitutional structure of worker protection, with disregard for health and safety standards hitherto present in the Brazilian legal system. As a consequence, the study points to the likelihood of an increase in the number of accidents at work and work-related diseases.

Investigation of depression status of hospitalized pregnant women in labor / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To learn the depression status of the hospitalized pregnant women in labor and its related influencing factors,and to provide the theoretical basis for exploring depression intervention of the pregnant women in labor.Methods:Self-Rating Depression Scale was used for investigating the depression status of 203 hospitalized pregnant women in labor who were in hospital from November 2014 to May 2015,and the impacts of demographic characteristics,maternal history and physical condition and health care on depression status of hospitalized pregnant women in labor before pregnancy and during pregnancy were analyzed using Logistic regression.Results:Fifty-three people with depressive tendencies were detected among pregnant women in labor,and the positive rate was 26.1％.The differences in positive rates of depression tendency of the pregnant women between less than 30 years,30-39 years and 40 years and above had no statistical significance (P＞0.05).Univariate Logistic analysis showed that the differences of occupation,overweight or obesity,low-dose folic acid supplements before pregnancy were statistically significant (P＜0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that risk factor for pregnant women was overweight or obesity pre-pregnancy,and the risk was 2.335 times to non-overweight or non-obesity pregnancy women (OR=2.335,95％CI:1.101-4.954,P＜0.05).Conclusion:The pregnant women have the depression tendency,especially the pregnant women with high body mass index before pregnancy.The knowledge of psychological health education should be provided for them.

Investigation of depression status of hospitalized pregnant women in labor / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To learn the depression status of the hospitalized pregnant women in labor and its related influencing factors,and to provide the theoretical basis for exploring depression intervention of the pregnant women in labor.Methods:Self-Rating Depression Scale was used for investigating the depression status of 203 hospitalized pregnant women in labor who were in hospital from November 2014 to May 2015,and the impacts of demographic characteristics,maternal history and physical condition and health care on depression status of hospitalized pregnant women in labor before pregnancy and during pregnancy were analyzed using Logistic regression.Results:Fifty-three people with depressive tendencies were detected among pregnant women in labor,and the positive rate was 26.1％.The differences in positive rates of depression tendency of the pregnant women between less than 30 years,30-39 years and 40 years and above had no statistical significance (P＞0.05).Univariate Logistic analysis showed that the differences of occupation,overweight or obesity,low-dose folic acid supplements before pregnancy were statistically significant (P＜0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that risk factor for pregnant women was overweight or obesity pre-pregnancy,and the risk was 2.335 times to non-overweight or non-obesity pregnancy women (OR=2.335,95％CI:1.101-4.954,P＜0.05).Conclusion:The pregnant women have the depression tendency,especially the pregnant women with high body mass index before pregnancy.The knowledge of psychological health education should be provided for them.

O adulto com deficiência intelectual: concepção de deficiência e trajetória de carreira / Adults with intellectual disability: conception of disability and career trajectory / El adulto con discapacidad intelectual: concepción de discapacidad y trajetoria profesional

Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever a relação entre trajetória escolar, de carreira e concepção de deficiência de trabalhadores com deficiência intelectual (DI) inseridos no mercado de trabalho. Participaram 20 adultos (19 a 35 anos) com diagnóstico de DI, funcionários de um supermercado, que responderam individualmente a uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente. A inserção no trabalho favoreceu uma descrição positiva de si mesmos, mas persistiam concepções depreciativas sobre a deficiência em geral, possivelmente em função do fracasso na escola regular, que parecem se refletir sobre a falta de perspectivas de autonomia e de melhoria de condições no trabalho. Discute-se o papel que a orientação profissional e de carreira pode desempenhar na transição de indivíduos com DI para a vida profissional.

This study aimed to describe the relationship among school trajectory, career trajectory and the conception of intellectual disability (ID) from workers included in the labor market with this disability. Twenty adult participants (19-35 years old) with a diagnosis of ID, employees of a supermarket, answered individually a semi-structured interview. The analysis of data was qualitative. The inclusion in work promoted a positive description of themselves, although depreciatory views about disability in general persisted, possibly due to the failure in regular schools, which seems to reflect on the lack of perspectives of autonomy and better conditions at work. This study points out the discussion about the role of career and vocational guidance in the transition of individuals with ID to professional life.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir la relación entre la trayectoria escolar, carrera profesional y concepción de discapacidad de trabajadores con discapacidad intelectual (DI). Participaron 20 adultos (19-35 años) con diagnóstico de DI, todos empleados de un supermercado que contestaron individualmente a una entrevista semi-estructurada. Los datos fueron analizados cualitativamente. La inclusión en el trabajo favoreció una descripción positiva de sí mismos, sin embargo persisten las percepciones negativas acerca de la discapacidad en general, posiblemente debido al fracaso escolar que parece repercutir sobre la falta de perspectivas de autonomía y mejoría de las condiciones en el trabajo. Se discute el papel que la orientación profesional y de carrera pueden desempeñar en la transición de las personas con DI para la vida profesional.

Investigation Analysis of Monilia Infection and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes of Pregnant Women in Labor / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate Monilia infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women in labor.Methods Before informed consent,542 cases of pregnant women in labor were collected in Obstetrics Department of Maternity and Child Healthcare of Maoming City from January 2013 to April 2014,and all of these cases were examined by Monilia inspec-tion of vaginal secretions.All of these cases were 20 to 30 years old,without vaginal pathogenic infection symptoms,but in-cluded in a few of formulation of clinical features of vaginal Candida infection.With the two methods of 10% potassium hy-droxide solution wet sheet and Gram staining,if blastospore or pseudohypha of Candida mycoderma were found out in the two methods under microscope,this case was diagnosed as positive result,otherwise as negative result.Respectively choosing positive cases as observation group,and negative cases as control group,the indexes of premature rupture of membranes,per-ineum wound infection,neonatal thrush and neonatal diaper rash of the two groups were recorded.The statistical method:e-numeration data by chi-square test,measurement data using analysis of varianc.Results The positive rate of Monilia was 23.1% (125/542),higher than 19.3% reported in domestic.The incidence rates of neonatal diaper rash,premature rupture of membranes,neonatal thrush and perineum wound infection of the observation group were respectively 19.2%,8.0%, 16.8% and 12.8%,all much higher than the control group respectively was 8.4%,1.2%,3.8% and 1.7%,(χ2 =12.578~29.273,all P <0.01).Conclusion Monilia infection of pregnant women in labor could increase the chance of adverse preg-nancy outcomes.Healthy or clinical doctors should suggest that pregnant women early carry out routine examination and ear-ly treatment,in order to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Comprendiendo el alargamiento de la juventud: explicaciones a partir de las experiencias de jóvenes brasileños y españoles / Understanding youth prolongation: explanations from the experiences of young people from Brazil and Spain

Este artículo busca comprender cómo explican los jóvenes el fenómeno del alargamiento de la juventud a partir de sus experiencias y de su evaluación del contexto social e histórico en el que se insertan. Realizamos una investigación cualitativa de diseño transversal con jóvenes de 25 a 29 años brasileños y españoles. Se llevaron a cabo 25 entrevistas individuales en profundidad con hombres y mujeres, totalizando 50 entrevistados en ambos países. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas, organizadas y categorizadas con el software Atlas-ti® y analizadas a través de análisis de contenido semántico.A partir del discurso de los entrevistados se evidencia dos modelos de explicación que toman como referencia aspectos extrínsecos e intrínsecos. Los primeros se refieren a la crisis económica y las dificultades de inserción laboral de los jóvenes, al aumento de la expectativa de vida, al permiso social e incentivo de la familia para seguir la vida de joven y a la influencia de los medios de comunicación en ese mismo sentido. Las explicaciones intrínsecas serían caracterizadas por los cambios de valores ­ vinculados a la prioridad dada a aspectos financieros y de la vida profesional ­ y la valoración cada vez mayor de una ética hedonista que se observa en la juventud.

This paper aims to understand how young people explain the phenomenon of youth prolongation from their own experiences and their evaluation of the social and historical context in which they are inserted. A qualitative research with a cross-sectional design was developed with people aged 25-29 years old from Brazil and Spain. Individual in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with men and women in both countries, totaling 50 respondents. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, organized and categorized with Atlas-ti® software and analyzed through semantic content analysis. The analysis makes it evident that the interviewees highlighted two different explanation models that refer to extrinsic and intrinsic aspects. The formers refer to the economic crisis and the difficulties in labor insertion of young people, the increase in life expectancy, the social permission and encouragement of the family to carry on with a young life, and the influence of the media in this same direction. The intrinsic explanations would be characterized by value changes-linked to the priority given to financial aspects and professional life-and the growing appreciation of a hedonistic ethics observed among young people.

Percepción de las mujeres en trabajo de parto sobre las intervenciones de enfermería / Perception of women in labor on nursing interventions / Percepção de mulheres em trabalho de parto sobre intervenções de enfermagem

Introducción: El embarazo y el parto son etapas en la vida de las mujeres que dejan una huella sin precedentes, cuya experiencia tiene que ver con el impacto de diversas situaciones que giran en torno a ello. La enfermera desarrolla actividades en torno a este acontecimiento, las cuáles deben de enfocarse holísticamente para proporcionar un cuidado de calidad. Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de las mujeres en trabajo a través de su propio discurso sobre las intervenciones de enfermería que se realizan durante esta etapa. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo en el marco de la fenomenología interpretativa. Obteniendo los datos con la observación y una entrevista semi-estructurada con 3 mujeres. Teniendo como instrumento una guía de preguntas tema. Hallazgos y Discusión: Se encontraron las categorías de: Violencia, abandono, falta de información, falta de competencia relacional, objetivación del cuerpo, atención de rutina y percepción de las intervenciones. Esto apoya lo investigado por Armellini y Luz (2003) que realizaron un estudio en Brasil, también fue encontrado en el estudio realizado por Tumblin A, P Simkin en su investigación cuantitativa "Las percepciones de las mujeres embarazadas sobre el papel de la enfermera durante el trabajo de parto y el parto" para conocer las expectativas y percepciones de mujeres acerca de la atención hospitalaria durante el parto. Conclusión: Las mujeres comentaron haberse sentido como animales, abandonadas, violentadas tanto físicas como verbalmente etc., y que ni siquiera fueron merecedoras de la más mínima información acerca de su trabajo de parto. Introducción: El embarazo y el parto son etapas en la vida de las mujeres que dejan una huella sin precedentes, cuya experiencia tiene que ver con el impacto de diversas situaciones que giran en torno a ello. La enfermera desarrolla actividades en torno a este acontecimiento, las cuáles deben de enfocarse holísticamente para proporcionar un cuidado de calidad. Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de las mujeres en trabajo a través de su propio discurso sobre las intervenciones de enfermería que se realizan durante esta etapa. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo en el marco de la fenomenología interpretativa. Obteniendo los datos con la observación y una entrevista semi-estructurada con 3 mujeres. Teniendo como instrumento una guía de preguntas tema. Hallazgos y Discusión: Se encontraron las categorías de: Violencia, abandono, falta de información, falta de competencia relacional, objetivación del cuerpo, atención de rutina y percepción de las intervenciones. Esto apoya lo investigado por Armellini y Luz (2003) que realizaron un estudio en Brasil, también fue encontrado en el estudio realizado por Tumblin A, P Simkin en su investigación cuantitativa "Las percepciones de las mujeres embarazadas sobre el papel de la enfermera durante el trabajo de parto y el parto" para conocer las expectativas y percepciones de mujeres acerca de la atención hospitalaria durante el parto. Conclusión: Las mujeres comentaron haberse sentido como animales, abandonadas, violentadas tanto físicas como verbalmente etc., y que ni siquiera fueron merecedoras de la más mínima información acerca de su trabajo de parto.

Introduction: Pregnancy and childbirth are stages in the lives of women who leave an unprecedented footprint, whose experience has to do with the impact of various situations that revolve around it. The nurse develops activities around this event, which must be approached holistically to provide quality care. Objective: To know the perception of women in work through their own discourse on nursing interventions that are carried out during this stage. Methodology: Qualitative study within the framework of interpretive phenomenology. Obtaining data with observation and a semi-structured interview with 3 women. Having as a tool a guide of questions subject. Findings and Discussion: The following categories were found: Violence, abandonment, lack of information, lack of relational competence, objectification of the body, routine attention and perception of the interventions. This supports what was researched by Armellini and Luz (2003) who conducted a study in Brazil, was also found in the study conducted by Tumblin A, P Simkin in his quantitative research "Perceptions of pregnant women about the role of the nurse during the labor and delivery "to know the expectations and perceptions of women about hospital care during childbirth. Conclusion: The women commented having felt like animals, abandoned, violated both physically and verbally, etc., and that they were not even worthy of the slightest information about their labor. Introduction: Pregnancy and childbirth are stages in the lives of women who leave an unprecedented footprint, whose experience has to do with the impact of various situations that revolve around it. The nurse develops activities around this event, which must be approached holistically to provide quality care. Objective: To know the perception of women in work through their own discourse on nursing interventions that are carried out during this stage. Methodology: Qualitative study within the framework of interpretive phenomenology. Obtaining data with observation and a semi-structured interview with 3 women. Having as a tool a guide of questions subject. Findings and Discussion: The following categories were found: Violence, abandonment, lack of information, lack of relational competence, objectification of the body, routine attention and perception of the interventions. This supports what was researched by Armellini and Luz (2003) who conducted a study in Brazil, was also found in the study conducted by Tumblin A, P Simkin in his quantitative research "Perceptions of pregnant women about the role of the nurse during the labor and delivery "to know the expectations and perceptions of women about hospital care during childbirth. Conclusion: The women commented having felt like animals, abandoned, violated both physically and verbally, etc., and that they were not even worthy of the slightest information about their labor.

Introdução: A gravidez eo parto são etapas na vida de mulheres que deixam uma marca sem precedentes, cuja experiência tem a ver com o impacto de várias situações que giram em torno dele. O enfermeiro desenvolve atividades em torno deste evento, que deve ser abordado de forma holística para oferecer um atendimento de qualidade. Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção das mulheres no trabalho por meio de seus próprios discursos sobre as intervenções de enfermagem que são realizadas durante essa etapa. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo no âmbito da fenomenologia interpretativa. Obtenção de dados com observação e entrevista semiestruturada com 3 mulheres. Tendo como ferramenta um guia de questões sujeito. Constatações e Discussão: violência, negligência, falta de informação, falta de competência relacional, objetificação do corpo, cuidados de rotina e percepção de intervenções: as categorias foram encontrados. Isso apóia a investigação por Armellini e Light (2003) que realizou um estudo no Brasil, também foi encontrado no estudo de Tumblin A, P Simkin em sua pesquisa quantitativa "Percepções de mulheres grávidas sobre o papel do enfermeiro durante o trabalho de parto e parto "para conhecer as expectativas e percepções das mulheres sobre o atendimento hospitalar durante o parto. Conclusão: As mulheres se sentiram como animais comentou, abandonado, você abusado verbalmente fisicamente e etc., e não foram sequer digno da menor informação sobre o seu trabalho. Introdução: A gravidez eo parto são etapas na vida de mulheres que deixam uma marca sem precedentes, cuja experiência tem a ver com o impacto de várias situações que giram em torno dele. O enfermeiro desenvolve atividades em torno deste evento, que deve ser abordado de forma holística para oferecer um atendimento de qualidade. Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção das mulheres no trabalho por meio de seus próprios discursos sobre as intervenções de enfermagem que são realizadas durante essa etapa. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo no âmbito da fenomenologia interpretativa. Obtenção de dados com observação e entrevista semiestruturada com 3 mulheres. Tendo como ferramenta um guia de questões sujeito. Constatações e Discussão: violência, negligência, falta de informação, falta de competência relacional, objetificação do corpo, cuidados de rotina e percepção de intervenções: as categorias foram encontrados. Isso apóia a investigação por Armellini e Light (2003) que realizou um estudo no Brasil, também foi encontrado no estudo de Tumblin A, P Simkin em sua pesquisa quantitativa "Percepções de mulheres grávidas sobre o papel do enfermeiro durante o trabalho de parto e parto "para conhecer as expectativas e percepções das mulheres sobre o atendimento hospitalar durante o parto. Conclusão: As mulheres se sentiram como animais comentou, abandonado, você abusado verbalmente fisicamente e etc., e não foram sequer digno da menor informação sobre o seu trabalho.

Effects of San-Yin-Jiao (SP6) Acupressure on Anxiety, Pulse and Neonatal Status in Women during Labor / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: In the study effects of San-Yin-Jiao (SP6) acupressure on anxiety and pulse during labor, and on neonatal status were examined. METHOD: The design was a randomized controlled clinical trial with a double-blind method. Data were collected before (pre) and after (post) treatment using structured questionnaire, anxiety scale, pulse rate, umbilical vein pH and Apgar scores. The experimental group received SP6 acupressure for the duration of each uterine contraction over a period of 30 minutes, but the control group received SP6 touch. RESULTS: The anxiety scores between the two groups increased, but the increase was less in the SP6 acupressure group and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.019). Maternal pulse rate was not significantly different immediately after treatment (p=0.711), at 30 and at 60 minutes (p=0.140; p=0.108), but while the SP6 acupressure group had a stable pulse, the SP6 touch group showed an increased rate. There was no significant difference between the two groups for umbilical vein pH (p=0.124), and neonatal Apgar score at one and five minutes (p=0.387; p=0.979) CONCLUSION: These findings strengthen the belief that SP-6 acupressure can be used to relieve anxiety during labor with no side effects to either mother or baby.