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Aims: To evaluate blood glucose-lowering ability of leaf ashes and compare anti-hyperglycaemic activities of Annona muricata leaf extract and ash. Study Design: Ashes and extract of medicinal plants were assayed using glucose-loaded rats model. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between March 2017 and February 2020. Methodology: Adequately prepared ashes of seven plants and A. muricata methanol extract were assayed for anti-hyperglycaemic potentials, using glucose-loaded (10 g/kg, p.o.) Wistar rats that were hyperglycaemic [blood glucose levels ? 7.0 mmol/L] thirty minutes thereafter (T0.0). Groups of 5 rats each, were administered 100, 150, 200 mg/kg of different ashes and A. muricata extract (200 mg/kg). Normal saline and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) were negative and positive controls, respectively. Their blood glucose levels were determined at 0-4 hours post-extract/ash/drug administration; results analysed using ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls’ and Dunnett post-hoc tests. P ? .05 was considered significantly different. Results: 100 mg/kg of Momordica charantia, Azadirachta indica and Eugenia malaccensis leaf ashes was their most active dose, indicating significantly higher extrapancreatic activity. 32, 37, 54, 59 and 36, 43, 50, 48 % reductions elicited by Chromolaena odorata (COLA) and A. muricata (AMLA) ashes (200 mg/kg) at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours, respectively made them the most active ashes. Also, blood glucose levels in glibenclamide (5 mg/kg)-, COLA-, AMLA- and its extract (200 mg/kg)-treated rats were comparable (P > .05) and their anti-hyperglycaemic activity was suggested to be due to the pancreatic (insulinotropic) and extra-pancreatic actions of their constituents. Conclusion: Study justified anti-diabetic ethnomedicinal use of plant-ashes in Nigeria, while doses were recommended for the optimum folkloric usage of these leaf ashes in managing diabetes in the rural areas of Nigeria. The leaf ashes may contain elements with glucose postprandial tolerance factor and insulin stimulating properties.
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Objective To isolate and culture human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs),investigate the influence of hADSCs on the cellular morphology,survival rate,and function of human islet cells under the in vitro non-contact co-culture conditions,and explore its mechanism.Method hADSCs were isolated by collagenase digestion method,then cultured,and identified by morphology,immunofluorescence and multi-directional differentiation.Adult islet cells were separated and purified by Liberase enzyme and Ficoll 400,then divided into co-culture group and individual group.The cellular growth morphology of islet cells was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope.The survival rate of islet cells,insulin secretory volume,insulin stimulation index and concentration of growth factor in the supernatant were compared between the two groups.Result hADSCs of the third generation showed uniform long spindle fibrocyte-like morphology,and had multi-directional differentiational potentials of osteogenesis and adipogenesis.Immunofluorescence test of surface antigens on hADSCs revealed CD44 + and CD49d +,CD31-,CD34-and CD106-.After 14-day culture,the islet cellular morphology in co-culture group was more intact than that in individual group.The survival rate of islet cells in co-culture group was (82.83 + 2.32) ％,and that in individual group was (53.00 + 2.82) ％ (P＜0.01).Insulin secretory volumes were (23.66 + 2.11) and (7.82 +1.09) mU/L respectively in co-culture group and individual group under high glucose concentration,and 13.22 + 0.77 and 6.40 + 0.44 mU/L respectively under low glucose concentration (P＜0.01 for all).Insulin stimulation index was decreased from 1.67 + 0.10 (at 3rd day) to 1.77 + 0.13 (at 14th day) in co-culture group,and from (1.67 + 0.10) (at 3rd day) to (1.77 + 0.13) (at 14th day) in individual group (P＜0.01).After 14-day culture,the concentrations of HGF,TGF-β,VEGF and bFGF in the supernatant were higher in co-culture group than in individual group (P＜0.01).Conclusion hADSCs were isolated and cultured successfully from adult adipose tissue.They could increase the survival rate and improve the function of islet cells when co-culture with the adult islet cells in vitro through secreting HGF,TGF-β,VEGF and b-FGF.
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As the society is becoming more developed, the cause of burn is becoming more variable. However, current treatments of burn focus on the fluid therapy and wound care, human self-defenses by secreting various kinds of hormones to keep the homeostasis and overcome the stressful environment. Among these hormones, growth hormone is the most important one. Author tried to find a correlation between the burn and growth hormone by analyzing the change of growth hormone profile in burn patients. Ten burn patients were enrolled. Burn patients were performed insulin stimulation test to measure the growth hormone secretion. And serum level of insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1), insulin like growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3) were measured. Also nutritional parameters, such as pre- albumin, albumin, transferrin in serum were measured. The mean basal level of growth hormone was 1.73 +/- 2.18ng/ml in burn patients, 2.2+/-2.99ng/ml in control group(p>0.05). After insulin injection, the mean of peak growth hormone level was 3.58+/-2.58ng/ml in burn patients, 8.37+/-16.59ng/ml in control group(p0.05). In the correlation between burn extent and peak growth hormone level, growth hormone level tended to decrease as the burn extent grew wider (r=-.818, p<0.005). In this study, We could find that the growth hormone secretion was decreased in burn patient and the adequate replacement of growth hormone can be helpful in the treatment of burn.