Research progress on cemental tears in terms of clinical diagnosis and treatment / 口腔疾病防治

@#A cemental tear is defined as an incomplete or complete detachment of the cementum along the dentino-cemental junction (CDJ) or the incremental line within the body of the cementum, which can also involve part of the root dentine adjacent to the cementum. The pathogenesis of cemental tears is not fully elucidated. From the literature review, possible predisposing factors were identified, including tooth type, sex, age, periodontitis, previous periodontal treatment or root canal treatment, history of dental trauma, and occlusal trauma or excessive occlusal force. The morphology of cemental tears can be either piece-shaped or U-shaped, which usually contributes to periodontal and periapical breakdown. Clinically, cemental tears have a unitary periodontal pocket and present with symptoms mimicking localized periodontitis, apical periodontitis, and vertical root fractures. Imaging examination is of great significance for the clinical diagnosis of cemental tears, which often manifest as thin ‘prickle-like’ radiopaque masses located longitudinally adjacent to the affected root surface. Exploratory surgery is needed in some cases. Although intraoperative cemental fragments and cemental lines on the root surface can assist in the diagnostic process, histopathology examination is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cemental tears. The treatment methods vary depending on the timing of the correct diagnosis and the clinical or radiological manifestations. With the development of regenerative biomaterials and the development of intentional replantation, an increasing number of affected teeth can survive for a long time. The aim of this review is to systematically describe the biological basis and predisposing factors, clinical features, radiographic and histological characteristics, diagnosis and clinical management of cemental tears, and treatment outcomes to help make a clear diagnosis and develop a personalized treatment plan.

Intentional replantation for the treatment of a double-rooted maxillary lateral incisor with periodontal-endodontic lesions: a case report and literature review / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of severe combined periodontal-endodontic lesions in a double-rooted maxillary lateral incisor with a palatal radicular groove and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.@*Methods@#A patient with a double-rooted left maxillary lateral incisor with a palatal radicular groove and severe combined periodontal-endodontic lesions underwent complete root canal therapy and intentional replantation, and a retrospective analysis of the management of this type of patient was performed based on the literature.@*Results@#The 3-year follow-up examination revealed no discomfort, good healing of the upper left lateral incisor, no pathological loosening, and a palatal gingival sulcus was found at a depth of approximately 1 mm. Review of the literature showed that the prognosis of the affected tooth and the choice of treatment plan were correlated with the length and depth of extension of the lingual groove toward the root, the periodontal condition and the pulpal status of the affected tooth. For minor PRGs or for affected teeth with no loss of pulpal viability, flap surgery and odontoplasty can be used to avoid endodontic treatment or retreatment. For deep or long lingual grooves that result in significant loss of periodontal tissue, endodontic treatment, odontoplasty, or closure of the grooves and guided tissue regeneration are needed. In the case of PRGs with double root formation, the affected tooth can be preserved via root canal therapy, removal of the small root and filling with apical restorative material, and intentional replantation.@*Conclusion@#In cases of severe combined periodontal-endodontic lesions due to palatal radicular grooves occurring in double-rooted maxillary lateral incisors, clinical presentation and imaging can prevent missed diagnoses, and appropriate treatment should be based on the length and depth of lingual grooves extending toward the roots, periodontal conditions, and pulpal status of the affected teeth.

Intentional replantation for the retreatment of mandibular second molar: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

When the use of root canal retreatment and apical surgery experiences difficulty in treating endodontic diseases, intentional replantation is an optional clinical technique used to retain the tooth. A 28-year-old female complained of chewing discomfort at the mandibular second molar after undergoing root canal treatment 3 month ago. History record and radiographic examination revealed that a C-shaped root canal system was filled with gutta-percha in the mandibular second molar. A radiolucency area existed at the root furcal area with a thin canal wall in the distal and mesial roots. Intentional replantation was used to treat this tooth. The clinical and radiographic results showed that intentional replantation and nano-biomaterial application facilitated infection control, tooth retention, and periodontal tissue regeneration.

Reimplante intencional: que procedimento é esse que pode salvar dentes? Dois relatos de caso em longo prazo / Intentional replantation: What kind of approach is this that can save teeth? Two long term case reports

Introdução: A manutenção da dentição natural é preferível na maioria dos casos. Muito embora hoje em dia se possa contar com os implantes dentários, em casos com prognóstico menos limitado a preservação dos dentes ainda é mais aconselhável que os implantes. A Endodontia, e todas as suas possibilidades terapêuticas existentes, intenta e faz o papel de especialidade que tem como princípio prevenir ou eliminar a periodontite apical, dando condições de reparo e saúde ao periodonto apical e tecido ósseo. Com o advento tecnológico dos últimos anos, os tratamentos de canal se tornaram muito mais previsíveis e isso se reflete no aumento dos índices de sucesso, tanto de tratamentos primários quanto de retratamentos. Contudo, existem casos que falham, mas esses casos não são o fim da linha para o dente. Entre as manobras existentes para se reintervir em dentes que tiveram um tratamento que fracassou, são possíveis a microcirurgia endodôntica apical ou o reimplante intencional. Método: A manobra de reimplante intencional consiste de várias etapas cirúrgicas que vão desde a extração do elemento dental até a reposição de volta ao seu alvéolo. Neste artigo foram descritos dois casos clínicos limítrofes que foram tratados por meio desse procedimento. Resultados: Os casos apresentaram resultados excelentes, como remissão das lesões apicais, reparo ósseo e permanência dos elementos em boca, com acompanhamento de longo prazo (2 e 11 anos). Conclusões: Com altos índices de sucesso já relatados na literatura, essa modalidade de tratamento precisa ser mais explorada e divulgada no Brasil, principalmente entre alunos de pós-graduação e especialistas em Endodontia, pois comprovadamente pode evitar a indicação desnecessária de implantes dentais (AU).

Introduction: The maintenance of natural dentition is preferable in most of cases. However, nowadays it is possible to use dental implants in cases where prognosis is very limited. Endodontics and all of its therapeutic modalities play an important role, which has, in principle, to prevent or eliminate apical periodontitis providing better conditions for wound healing of periapical and bone tissues. In the past few years, with technological advances, root canal treatment became more predictable and this can be seen reflected in the increase of success rates of primary treatment as well as non-surgical retreatment. Nevertheless, some cases can failure but, it is not the end for the tooth, once some therapeutic approaches are possible, like apical microsurgery or intentional replantation. Method: Intentional replantation is an approach in which some surgical steps are done, since the dental extraction until its repositioning back to the socket. In this article two bordering cases were described. Results: 2 and 11 years follow-up confirm the favorable results of this technique. Both cases with no apical lesion, bone healing and dental elements developing their natural functions. Conclusions: The high successful rates described in the literature give to this treatment approach an important face, and that should be more explored and disclosed in Brazil, specially between specialists and post-graduation students, once can avoid unnecessary dental implants (AU).

Intentional replantation for the treatment of palatal radicular groove with endo-periodontal lesion in the maxillary lateral incisor: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

Palatal radicular groove leads to severe endo-periodontal lesion in lateral incisors. The groove occurs on the labial and lingual root surfaces, while the localized periodontal pocket develops along the lingual groove length. The complicated root canal system, extensively destroyed bone lamella, and persistent fistula pose a challenge for root canal therapy, tooth retention, and thorough infection control inside and outside of the root canal. Combining microscopic root canal therapy with intentional replantation and nano-biomaterial application facilitates infection control, tooth retention, and formation of newly periodontal attachment.

Replantation as Treatment for Extrusive Luxation

In the treatment of extrusive luxation cases, it is important that the repositioning of extruded tooth in the socket is done as soon as possible. If this does not occur, periapical clot becomes organized and makes replantation difficult reposition. In this article the patient referred to the Clinics for dental trauma sustaining extrusive luxation of the maxillary right central incisor. The patient reported having suffered a bicycle accident 12 days before, which caused traumatic tooth injuries. The repositioning was attempted without success and an alternative form of treatment was necessary to solve the case. Intentional tooth replantation, which is the deliberate extraction of the tooth and its replantation, was indicated. This technique allows clot removal and correct repositioning of the extruded tooth. Care should be taken as endodontic treatment is required for the prevention of subsequent infection-related resorption. Intracanal dressing with calcium hydroxide was used for 30 days before final root filling. Splint, systemic antibiotics and avoidance of further damage to the root surface is also important. After 49 months, showed clinical and radiographic characteristics of normality and demonstrates the availability of this technique to adversity in trauma.

No tratamento de casos de luxação extrusiva é importante que o reposicionamento do dente extruído em seu alvéolo seja feito o mais rápido possível. Se isso não ocorrer, o coágulo periapical se torna organizado e dificulta a reposição. Neste artigo, o paciente encaminhado para a clínica de traumatismo dentário apresentava luxação extrusiva do dente 11. O paciente relatou que havia sofrido um acidente de bicicleta 12 dias antes e teve lesões dentárias. Tentou-se fazer o reposicionamento sem sucesso e uma forma alternativa de tratamento foi necessária para resolver o caso. Reimplante intencional, que é a extração do dente e seu reimplante de forma proposital, foi indicado. Esta técnica permite a remoção do coágulo e o reposicionamento correto do dente extruído. Cuidado deve ser observado quanto ao tratamento endodôntico, para a prevenção de uma reabsorção relacionada a uma infecção. Curativo de demora com hidróxido de cálcio foi realizado por 30 dias antes da obturação final. Contenção, antibióticos sistêmicos e evitar maiores danos à superfície da raiz também são importantes. O controle de 38 meses mostrou características clínicas e radiográficas de normalidade e demonstra a disponibilidade desta técnica para a adversidade no trauma.

Surgical management with intentional replantation on a tooth with palato-radicular groove

A palato-radicular groove (PRG) is a developmental anomaly primarily found in the maxillary lateral incisors. It is a potential communication path between the root canal and the periodontium that decreases the survival prognosis of the affected tooth, therefore compromising the stability of the dental structure in the oral cavity. The aim of this case report is to present an original technique where a PRG was treated by means of intracanal disinfection, PRG sealing with glass ionomer, replantation with intentional horizontal 180 degree rotation of the tooth, and an aesthetic veneer placed to provide adequate tooth morphology. The clinical and biological benefits of this novel technique are presented and discussed.

Surgical management with intentional replantation on a tooth with palato-radicular groove

A palato-radicular groove (PRG) is a developmental anomaly primarily found in the maxillary lateral incisors. It is a potential communication path between the root canal and the periodontium that decreases the survival prognosis of the affected tooth, therefore compromising the stability of the dental structure in the oral cavity. The aim of this case report is to present an original technique where a PRG was treated by means of intracanal disinfection, PRG sealing with glass ionomer, replantation with intentional horizontal 180 degree rotation of the tooth, and an aesthetic veneer placed to provide adequate tooth morphology. The clinical and biological benefits of this novel technique are presented and discussed.

Treatment of paraesthesia following root canal treatment by intentional tooth replantation: A review of the literature and a case report.

Background: Some endodontic procedures may cause damage to the inferior alveolar nerve, leading to paraesthesia. When such complication is due to extrusion of obturation material beyond the apex, it can be managed by intentional replantation (IR). IR consists of the removal of a tooth and its re-insertion into the socket after performing a proper root end manipulation. It is a relatively conservative procedure aimed at preserving the tooth and, with correct case selection, can provide a predictable outcome. Aims: The aim of the present paper is to report a case of paraesthesia following endodontic treatment of second mandibular molar successfully treated by intentional replantation. Results and Conclusion: In our opinion this treatment modality may be considered when the extrusion of root canal filling material causes irritation to the periapical tissues and endodontic retreatment is unfeasible.

Short-term clinical outcome of intentionally replanted posterior molars / 대한치과보존학회지

OBJECTIVES: This retrospective study evaluated the therapeutic effects of the intentional replantation (IR) procedure performed on the maxillary and mandibular molars of 35 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the subjects, IR was performed due to difficulties in anatomically accessing the lesions and/or close proximity to the thick cortical bone, inferior alveolar nerve, or maxillary sinus, which rendered the ordinary periradicular surgery impossible. The patients' progress was followed for a year and up to 2 years and 4 months. The success of the procedure was evaluated in terms of clinical and radiographic success (%). RESULTS: The results revealed the following: (a) 1 case (3%) of failed tooth extraction during IR; (b) 2 cases (6%) of extraction due to periodontal diseases and inflammatory root resorption; (c) 3 cases (9%) of normally functioning teeth in the oral cavity with minor mobility and apical root resorption, and; (d) 29 cases (82%) of normally functioning teeth without obvious problems. CONCLUSIONS: IR was confirmed to be a reliably repeatable, predictable treatment option for those who cannot receive conventional periradicular surgery because of anatomic limitations or patient factors.

A retrospective study of the intentionally replanted mandibular second molars with C-shaped root canal configurations / 대한치과보존학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the success rate of intentionally replanted mandibular second molar with C-shaped canal configurations and to access the impact of preoperative periapical lesion on the success of intentional replantation procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective chart review study evaluated 52 intentionally replanted mandibular second molar teeth treated at Seoul National University Dental Hospital Department of Conservative Dentistry from January 2005 to December 2007. Seventeen teeth were lost for the follow-up, and another 6 teeth did not meet inclusion criteria of C-shaped root canal configurations. Healing outcome such as success, uncertain healing, and failure after follow-up was evaluated by clinical criteria and radiographs. RESULTS: The overall success rate was 72.4% for the 29 intentionally replanted C-shaped mandibular second molars. The success rate of replanted teeth with preoperative periapical lesions was similar to that of replanted teeth which have no periapical lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, root canal treatment failure on C-shaped mandibular second molar can be predictably treated by intentional replantation regardless of the presence of periapical lesion.

Clinical evaluation of a new extraction method for intentional replantation / 대한치과보존학회지

PURPOSE: Intentional replantation (IR) is a suitable treatment option when nonsurgical retreatment and periradicular surgery are unfeasible. For successful IR, fracture-free safe extraction is crucial step. Recently, a new extraction method of atraumatic safe extraction (ASE) for IR has been introduced. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-six patients with the following conditions who underwent IR at the Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, in 2010 were enrolled in this study: failed nonsurgical retreatment and periradicular surgery not recommended because of anatomical limitations or when rejected by the patient. Preoperative orthodontic extrusive force was applied for 2-3 weeks to increase mobility and periodontal ligament volume. A Physics Forceps was used for extraction and the success rate of ASE was assessed. RESULTS: Ninety-six premolars and molars were treated by IR. The complete success rate (no crown and root fracture) was 93% (n = 89); the limited success rates because of partial root tip fracture and partial osteotomy were 2% (n = 2) and 5% (n = 5), respectively. The clinical and overall success rates of ASE were 95% and 100%, respectively; no failure was observed. CONCLUSIONS: ASE can be regarded as a reproducible, predictable method of extraction for IR.