Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding knowledge and practices in a tertiary hospital of Central India

Background: Breastfeeding is a behavioural act of the mother, one that is affected by demographic, socioeconomic, and faith factors as well as by cultural traditions and beliefs. However, there is little scientific literature on potential gaps between knowledge and standard practices regarding exclusive breastfeeding and its predictors among mothers in central India.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to explore the knowledge, perceptions, practices, and the associated factors of exclusive breastfeeding among urban and rural mothers at a tertiary hospital of central India.Results: A total of 500 post-natal mothers at the study hospital were interviewed to assess their knowledge and practices of exclusive breastfeeding. The study revealed that knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding was 47% while breastfeeding practices for up to six months of babies was reported by only 15% of participants. Breastfeeding within one hour of birth was reported by 31% of mothers. About 62% did not feed colostrum, while 57% fed their baby pre-lacteal feed. Mothers belonging to a rural community, living in joint family, literate, employed, better-off economic status, multigravida, having a previous history of vaginal delivery, and male child, and those counselled regarding breastfeeding during ANC visits had higher knowledge and better practices of exclusive breastfeeding.Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest an urgent need for regular counselling in ANC clinics to promote exclusive breastfeeding among women and their family caregivers. Breastfeeding awareness education programs for all pregnant women are recommended to ensure that mothers learn best practices regarding breastfeeding and its benefits.

Conhecimento e prática dos profissionais de enfermagem quanto ao manejo dor do recém-nascido no alojamento conjunto / Knowledge and practice of nursing professionals regarding the management of newborns in rooming-in

Introdução: O alojamento conjunto (AC) destina-se aos recém-nascidos clinicamente estáveis. Esses recém-nascidos vivenciam vários procedimentos dolorosos que fazem parte da rotina de cuidados, tais como: coleta de sangue, punção de calcâneo e injeções intramusculares. Objetivo geral: Analisar o conhecimento e a prática do manejo da dor na assistência ao recém-nascido pelos profissionais de enfermagem em uma unidade do alojamento, segundo referencial metodológico i-PARIHS (Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services Framework). Objetivos específicos: descrever o conhecimento e a prática dos profissionais de enfermagem quanto a avaliação, tratamento e registro da dor do recém-nascido no alojamento conjunto; descrever as barreiras e os facilitadores para a realização da avaliação, tratamento e registro da dor do recém-nascido no alojamento conjunto apontados pelos profissionais de enfermagem; avaliar a correlação entre conhecimento e prática entre os profissionais de enfermagem quanto a avaliação, tratamento e registro da dor do recém-nascido no alojamento conjunto; dimensionar em tipo e quantidade a exposição dos recém-nascidos aos procedimentos dolorosos até o quarto dia de internação no alojamento conjunto através dos prontuários. Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Participaram do estudo 28 profissionais de enfermagem que atuam no alojamento conjunto. Quanto aos prontuários foram analisados 72 prontuários de recém-nascidos internados no setor no período de junho a setembro de 2021. Os dados foram importados para programa IBM SPSS Statistics version 2, e foi realizado análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: Quanto ao conhecimento, 80% dos técnicos/auxiliar de enfermagem e enfermeiros 92,3% concordam totalmente/parcialmente que a dor é considerada um dos sinais vitais do recém-nascido. A maioria dos técnicos/auxiliar de enfermagem (86,6%) e dos enfermeiros (69,3%) concorda totalmente/parcialmente que a dor do recém-nascido do AC muitas vezes não é reconhecida pelos profissionais de saúde. Quanto ao uso de escala de avaliação da dor, a maioria dos técnicos/auxiliar (93,4%) e dos enfermeiros (100%) concorda totalmente/parcialmente que o uso de escalas de avaliação da dor do recém-nascido no AC é importante para a prática profissional. Quando perguntamos para os participantes se utilizavam alguma escala de dor, a maioria (79,9% dos técnicos/auxiliar e 69,2% dos enfermeiros) informou nunca tê-las utilizado em sua prática. Na associação das respostas entre conhecimentos e práticas, os resultados demonstram que os profissionais de enfermagem tinham conhecimento sobre o tema abordado, porém há uma dificuldade de aplicá-los na prática. Em relação às principais barreiras apontadas, destaca-se: ausência de protocolo e escala de avaliação de dor. Quanto aos facilitadores citados: estratégias não farmacológicas da dor, enfermarias com informações ilustrativas. Dos 72 prontuários analisados, os recém-nascidos em questão foram submetidos a um total de 500 procedimentos. A média de procedimentos dolorosos durante a internação foi de 5,4 por recém-nascido, com mediana de 6. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou que grande parte dos profissionais de enfermagem tem conhecimento sobre manejo da dor, porém há uma dificuldade na avaliação, registro e anotação em prontuário. A análise documental dos prontuários mostrou a escassez do registro e anotação de enfermagem referente ao manejo da dor. A principal recomendação é a implantação de uma escala de dor no local da pesquisa.

Introduction: Rooming-in (AC) is intended for clinically stable newborns, these newborns experience several painful procedures that are part of the care routine such as: blood collection, calcaneal puncture and intramuscular injections. General objective: To analyze the knowledge and practice of pain management in newborn care by nursing professionals in a rooming-in unit, according to the i-PARIHS (Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services Framework) methodological framework. Specific objectives: to describe the knowledge and practice of nursing professionals regarding the assessment, treatment and recording of newborn pain in rooming-in; to describe the barriers and facilitators to the assessment, treatment and recording of newborn pain in rooming-in pointed out by nursing professionals; to evaluate the correlation between knowledge and practice among nursing professionals regarding the assessment, treatment and recording of newborn pain in rooming-in; to measure in type and quantity the exposure of newborns to painful procedures up to the fourth day of hospitalization in the rooming-in through medical records. Method: a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The study included 28 nursing professionals working in rooming-in. As for the medical records, 72 medical records of newborns hospitalized in the sector from June to September 2021 were analyzed. Data were imported into the IBM SPSS Statistics version 2 program and a descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: Regarding the knowledge (80%) of nursing technicians/assistants and nurses (92.3%) they totally/partially agree that pain is considered as one of the vital signs of the newborn. The majority of technicians/nursing assistants (86.6%) and nurses (69.3%) totally/partially agree that the pain of newborn in the AC is often not recognized by health professionals. Regarding the use of a pain assessment scale, the majority of technicians/assistants (93.4%) and nurses (100%) totally/partially agree that the use of pain assessment scales for newborns in the AC is important for the professional practice. When we asked the participants if they used any pain scales, the majority (79.9% technicians and 69.2% nurses) reported never used in their practice. In the association of the answers about knowledge and practices, the results show that the nursing professionals had knowledge about the theme addressed, but there is a difficulty in applying them in practice. Regarding the main barriers pointed out: lack of protocol and pain assessment scale. As for the cited facilitators: non-pharmacological pain strategies, wards with illustrative information. Of the 72 medical records analyzed, newborns submitted to a total of 500 procedures. The mean number of painful procedures during hospitalization was 5.4 per NB, with a median of 6. Conclusion: The study showed that most nursing professionals have knowledge about pain management, however, there is difficulty in evaluation, recording and noting in the medical record. The documental analysis of medical records showed the scarcity of records and nursing notes regarding pain management. The main recommendation is to implement a pain scale at the research site.

Knowledge and practices among healthcare workers regarding dengue in Togo

In Togo where malaria is endemic, because main signs of malaria and dengue are similar, the use of malarial drugs first could contribute to a delay in the diagnosis of dengue and the dissemination of the disease. Thus, it is important that healthcare workers (HCW) have a good knowledge of these diseases. To assess the knowledge, and practices regarding dengue infection among HCW in Togo. A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2020 to March 2021 among HCW in Togo. A pre-tested digital questionnaire was used for data collection. Based on clinical signs of dengue, preventive measures, infection type and disease type, a knowledge score was constructed with eight questions. A total of 334 HCW with median age 32 years, IQR:(28-38) responded to the survey and the sex ratio male/female was 5.9. The majority (94.0%) of HCW have heard about dengue through training (73.3%), internet (38.0%) and media (33.2%). Compared with lower executive HCW, senior manager were more knowledgeable about the causative agent, the symptoms and preventive methods of dengue infection (p<0.001). Globally, good knowledge (score ≥6) about dengue was found for 47.1% of HCW. More than 9 out of 10 HCW (91.3%) reported the lack of dengue diagnostic tools. Providing health structures with dengue diagnostic tools and training health personnel in their use in any febrile patient with a negative or positive malaria test would help prevent dengue epidemic.

40 anos: o que a Psicologia tem produzido enquanto ciência e profissão? / 40 Years: What Has Psychology Been Producing as a Science and Profession? / 40 años: ¿Qué Ha Producido la Psicología como Ciencia y Profesión?

Resumo Este artigo, por ocasião do 40º aniversário da revista Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, visa apresentar e discutir as mudanças políticas e sociais brasileiras que exigiram alterações na produção de conhecimento e práticas em Psicologia. A revista publica, agora na modalidade fluxo contínuo, textos originais de relevância científica e social, sob uma perspectiva crítica em relação aos processos políticos da ciência e da profissão e aos direitos humanos. Constitui-se, portanto, como periódico que abrange todas as áreas da Psicologia, que envolvem desde o desenvolvimento de conceitos até a prática profissional. Foram realizadas pesquisa, leitura e análise de 866 artigos, publicados de 2005 a 2018, e organizados em 19 categorias. A tendência das publicações permite visualizar não só diversidades nas identidades culturais e sociais, mas também apresenta o movimento da produção do conhecimento da Psicologia por meio da abertura, da expansão e da criação de formas de vida.

Abstract This article, on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the journal Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, aims to present and discuss the Brazilian political and social changes that demanded shifts in the production of knowledge and practices in psychology. The journal publishes, now in rolling publishing mode, original texts of scientific and social relevance, from a critical perspective regarding the political processes of science and profession and human rights. Therefore, it is constituted as a journal that covers all areas of Psychology, since it considers that these are involved with professional practice, from the development of concepts to professional practices. A survey, reading and analysis of 866 articles, published from 2005 to 2018, was carried out and organized into 19 categories. The tendency of the publications makes it possible to visualize not only the diversities in cultural and social identities but also presents the movement of the production of knowledge of psychology through the opening, expansion, and creation of ways of life.

Resumen Este artículo, para celebrar el 40º aniversario de la revista Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, tiene por objeto presentar y debatir los cambios políticos y sociales brasileños que exigieron cambios en la producción de conocimientos y prácticas en la psicología. La revista publica, ahora en un modo de flujo continuo, textos originales de relevancia científica y social, bajo una perspectiva crítica en relación con los procesos políticos de la ciencia y la profesión y los derechos humanos. Por lo tanto, se constituye como una revista que abarca todas las áreas de la psicología, ya que considera que están involucradas desde el desarrollo de los conceptos hasta la práctica profesional. Se llevó a cabo una investigación, lectura y análisis de 866 artículos, publicados de 2005 a 2018, que se organizaron en 19 categorías. La tendencia de las publicaciones permite visualizar no sólo las diversidades en las identidades culturales y sociales, sino que también presenta el movimiento de la producción de conocimiento de la psicología a través de la apertura, expansión y creación de formas de vida.

Factors Associated With Food Safety Knowledge And Practice Among Street Food Vendors In Taunggyi Township, Myanmar: A Cross-Sectional Study

@#Food safety is a growing public health concern worldwide. Street foods are an integral part of many cultures and offer at affordable prices. However, it is associated with food safety issues, especially in developing countries. Therefore, it is essential that street food vendors understand and implement food safety practices to prevent outbreaks of food-borne illnesses. This cross-sectional study investigated the food safety knowledge and practices as well as their associated factors among street food vendors in Taunggyi Township, Myanmar. Validated structured questionnaires were used to interview 158 street food vendors, and a set of observational checklists was used to inspect the sanitary conditions of vending sites and vendors’ food hygiene practices. The association between food safety knowledge and practices was assessed using a chi-squared test. Our results revealed that most vendors had a high level of food safety knowledge and that 58.9% scored equal to or lower than the median value in food safety practices, whereas 41.1% scored higher than the median value (median=15). Sex and education level were significantly associated with participants’ food safety knowledge (p < 0.001). Similarly, education, race and monthly income were significantly associated with their food safety practices (p < 0.001), whereas food safety training attendance had no association. Additionally, participants with better knowledge scores were more likely to have better practice scores. Food safety training given to vendors should be more detailed and comply with standard guidelines, especially with regard to street food safety practices.

Impact of Educational Weaning Knowledge and Practices of Parents and Guardians of Children under Two Years Old at the David Rose Health Centre

Objectives:To assess the knowledge of weaning, of parents and guardians, of children under two-years-old, attending David Rose Health Centre.To assess whether there is an association between selected demographic variables, and the weaning knowledge.To educate the parents and guardians on the World Health Organisation recommended weaning practices.To assess the change in knowledge of weaning after the delivery of an educational intervention.Design and Methods:A prospective longitudinal study with repeated measures design obtained 120 participants using a convenient, non-probability sampling method. Data was collected using a pre-intervention and post-intervention questionnaire. The data was processedusing the SPSS Version 24 Software Program and analysed with a scoring system developed by the researchers using the PAHO/WHO “Guiding Principles for Complementary Feeding of the Breastfed Child”.Results:Both educational interventions increased the participants knowledge from good to almost 100%.Conclusions:Most parents and guardians had good baseline knowledge. However, there were certain aspects where they lacked or had inaccurate knowledge. Overall, their knowledge improved regardless of the type ofeducational intervention they were exposed to Recommendations: Future studies should be held in classroom settings, with more time allowed to assess change of knowledge.

Assessment of the knowledge and practices regarding standard precaution among nursing staff at a tertiary care hospital of Raipur city, Chhattisgarh

Background: Nurses as healthcare providers obliged to protect herself and patients against infections. Therefore, nurses should have knowledge and strict adherence to standard precautions. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess the knowledge and practices of nursing staff regarding standard precautions. Aims and objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge of nursing staff regarding standard precaution and to observe the practices of nursing staff regarding standard precaution.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among staff nurses working in Bhim Rao Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Raipur, and Chhattisgarh, from January to March 2017 among 100 staff nurses. Pretested predesigned semi-structured questionnaires were used. Data collected were entered in Microsoft excel sheet. The statistical analysis was done by using epi info 7. Frequencies and percentage were presented for categorical variables.Results: The overall knowledge regarding standard precaution were excellent (>75% score) in 8% nurses. Good knowledge (50 to 75%) in 83% and average (25 to 50%) in 9%. The Practises regarding standard precautions among the nurses were good in 72%, excellent in 17% and average in 11%.Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that in spite of having good knowledge regarding standard precaution among the nurses, practices were not to up to the mark.

Saberes e práticas docentes e ensino de história: temas, conceitos e referenciais (1970-2014) / Teaching knowledge and practice and the teaching of history: themes, concepts and references (1970-2014)

RESUMO: Este trabalho visa analisar a produção acadêmica sobre Saberes e Práticas Docentes relacionadas ao Ensino de História, presente em periódicos acadêmicos das áreas de Educação, Ensino e História, no período de 1970 a 2014, buscando-se evidenciar temas, conceitos e referenciais contemplados. Como principais referenciais, utilizam-se os conceitos de habitus e campo, de Pierre Bourdieu, e de representações e lutas de representações, de Roger Chartier. Como principais resultados, destacam-se a grande concentração da produção a partir do século XXI; a coincidência de aumento de artigos com a produção específica de saberes e práticas docentes no Brasil; a presença de conceitos relacionados a saberes e práticas docentes em significativa parte da produção, mas também artigos sem a explicitação de conceitos específicos a essa problematização; e a luta de representações que se desenha, com a entrada de trabalhos relacionados à perspectiva da Educação Histórica, para abordagem da temática no campo Ensino de História.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to analyze academic production on teaching practices and knowledge concerning the teaching of History in academic journals in the fields of Education, Teaching and History from 1970 to 2014, seeking evidence of the themes, concepts and references under study. The main benchmarks are the concepts of habitus and field of Pierre Bourdieu, and the representations and struggles over representation of Roger Chartier. The main results include the high concentration of academic production from the twenty-first century and the coincidence of the growing number of articles with the specific production of teaching practice and knowledge in Brazil. Another result is the presence of concepts related to knowledge and teaching practices in a significant part of the production, but also articles with no concepts specifically addressing this problematization and the struggle over representations that is arising with the entry of works related to the perspective of Historical Education to address the theme in the field of teaching History.

Impact Of Training On Knowledge And Practices Of Nurses Regarding Hospital Infection Control In A Tertiary Care Centre.

Background and objective:Nurses provide the first-hand bedside care to the patients in a hospital thus have a direct role in hospital infection control. Thus to improve hygiene behaviour of staff, training sessions on hospital infection control is necessary. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of training on knowledge and practices regarding hospital infection control amongst nursing staff working in tertiary care centre. Method: The study included 89 nurses from different wards and I.C.U. A pre-test and a post-test was conducted with a set of 20 self designed multiple choice questions in three days session of training covering important aspects of hospital infection control. Improvement in pre-test and post test for individual candidate was assessed and statistical data analysis was done. Results: Response rate of the questionnare was 100%.The mean pre-test score was 9(S.D 3.06) while mean post-test score was 14(S.D 6.34). The difference in pre-test and post-test was statistically significant(P< 0.00001) taking 95% confidence interval. Interpretation and conclusion: Training sessions and workshops for healthcare workers conducted regularly will help curbing nosocomial infections and providing a better patient care.

É preciso "ikarar os kutipados" interculturalidade e assistência à saúde na Amazônia Peruana / We need to "ikarar the kutipados" intercultural understanding and health care in the Peruvian Amazon

ResumoEsta pesquisa qualitativa visou descrever e analisar como a população indígena Kukama Kukamiria da Amazônia peruana percebe e avalia o atendimento oferecido pelos profissionais no posto de saúde de San Regis. Foi realizado estudo de base etnográfica na comunidade de San Regis, do rio Marañón, na região Loreto no Peru, incluindo entrevistas e observação participante com pacientes mulheres e homens, assim como curadores tradicionais e profissionais de saúde. O prisma da interculturalidade é adotado para discutir sobre a avaliação que os Kukamas Kukami-rias fazem a respeito do atendimento à saúde realizado pelos profissionais do posto de saúde local. Aborda-se sobre os (des)encontros interculturais que afetam aos grupos populacionais vulneráveis nas suas interações com os serviços de saúde. A frequente preferência pelos cuidados tradicionais implica uma aproximação entre cuidador e doente, pelo que deve ser levada em conta na organização dos serviços de saúde, e articulado às formas convencionais de assistência, em uma perspectiva intercultural.

AbstractThe scope of this qualitative research was to describe and analyze how the Kukamas Kukamirias indigenous population from the Peruvian Amazon perceives and evaluates the healthcare offered by health workers at the local San Regis health post. An ethnographic-based study was conducted among the San Regis community on the Marañon River in the Loreto district of Peru, including interviews and participative observations with female and male patients as well as with traditional healers and professional health workers. An intercultural perspective is adopted to discuss the evaluations made by the Kukamas Kukamirias about the healthcare offered by professionals at their local health post. Issues examined include the intercultural matches and mismatches that affect vulnerable groups of the population in their interactions with the health services. The frequent preference shown for traditional treatment implies a close relationship between the healer and the person who is sick. This means that conventional forms of healthcare should be seen from an intercultural perspective and taken into account when organizing and articulating health services.

Sentidos y prácticas en promoción de la salud en el noroeste de montevideo: orientaciones de la acción médica en el primer nivel de atención / Meaning and practices regarding health promotion in the northeast of Montevideo: medical action orientations at primary health care level / Sentidos e práticas na promoção da saúde no noroeste se Montevidéu: diretrizes para a ação no primeiro nível de ciudados médicos

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de unainvestigación en torno a los significados atribuidos a lapromoción de la salud en el noroeste de Montevideo.El estudio abarcó a Médicos/as del primer nivel deatención y a actores sociales de la zona. En este trabajosólo se desarrolla lo referido al personal sanitario. Desdeun enfoque cualitativo se realizaron 10 entrevistas enprofundidad a Médicos/as y un grupo de discusión.De los resultados principales se destacan las múltiplessignificaciones y la heterogeneidad de prácticas depromoción de la salud. A su vez, se visualizaronsignificaciones tendientes a lo establecido, donde lacentralidad en la enfermedad y lo curativo individuales lo característico; articuladas con significacionestransformadoras orientadas a la participación y a la organización comunitaria. Ambos universos de significaciones se combinan y aparecen demodo interrelacionado en el personal médico.

In this work we present the results of a research regarding the meaning given to healthpromotion in the northeast of Montevideo. The study included Doctors from primary healthcare level and social actors from the area. Only the information related to health staff isdeveloped in this work. In a qualitative approach, ten deep interviews and a discussion groupwere carried out with doctors. From the main results, the multiple significances and theheterogeneity in health promotion practices are highlighted. In turn, significances towardswhat is established were visualized, where the characteristic is the centrality in the illnessand the individual in the cure; articulated with transforming significances oriented towardscommunity participation and organization. Both universes of significances are combinedand appear interrelated with the medical staff.

Neste artigo apresentam-se os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre os significados atribuídosà promoção da saúde no noroeste de Montevidéu. O estudo abrangeu Médicos/as doprimeiro nível de cuidados e atores sociais dessa área. Neste trabalho só é desenvolvidoaquilo que tem relação com o pessoal sanitário. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativaforam realizadas 10 entrevistas em profundidade a Médicos/as e a um grupo de discussão.Dentre os principais resultados destacam-se os múltiplos significados e heterogeneidadedas práticas de promoção da saúde. Por sua vez, evidenciaram-se significados, tendentes aoestabelecido, onde a centralidade na doença e a cura indivídual é a característica visualizada;articuladas com significados transformadores orientados para a participação e organizaçãocomunitária. Ambos os universos de sentido são combinados e aparecem interligados nopessoal médico.

To Assess the Attitude, Knowledge and Practices of Medical Professionals About Adverse Drug Reactions and Their Reporting in a Teaching Hospital.

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and represent a substantial burden on healthcare resources. It has been reported that 2.4-6.5% of the total admissions in the hospitals are due to the adverse reactions, many of which are preventable. Voluntary ADR reporting is fundamental to medical drug safety surveillance; however, substantial underreporting is the main limitation of the system. It is estimated that only 6-10% of all ADRs are reported. Therefore, the present study has been designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of the medical professionals towards the ADRs and their reporting in our Institute. Aim and objectives: This study is aimed at investigating the knowledge and attitude and practices of medical professionals in a teaching hospital. Material and methods: The present study was a questionnaire based study. A structured validated questionnaire was used consisting of open ended and closed ended questions to collect the information after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC). The study population consisted of all the medical teachers of the institute. Results: The response rate was 85%. Eighty percent of the respondents identified ADR as one of the major causes for mortality and morbidity in patients. ADR reporting was considered important by 87.5% respondents. More than 85% wrote that they did not have enough knowledge about how to report an ADR. One hundred percent of the participants believed that there should be a system of ADRs reporting and monitoring in the institute. Interestingly, all the respondents believed that if the teachers from allied streams (dental, nursing, physiotherapy, pharmacy) are sensitized, it can be useful. Conclusion: There are gaps between knowledge and ADRs reporting among doctors working in a teaching hospital. These gaps need to be filled by improved training and awareness in pharmacovigilance at various levels of healthcare system.

Aplicación y evaluación de materiales educativos para la prevención del dengue en una institución educativa de Medellín, Colombia / Application and evaluation of educational materials for dengue prevention in an educative institution of Medellin, Colombia

Introducción: ante la ausencia de una vacuna eficaz para prevenir del dengue, se hace necesario implementar estrategias educativas para el control del vector.Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de la aplicación de materiales educativos como medio de enseñanzapara el aprendizaje de conocimientos acerca del dengue.Métodos: se efectuó un estudio cuasi experimental antes y después. La población de estudio estuvoconformada por 66 niños de una institución educativa de Medellín. La selección de la escuela y de la población de estudio fue realizada por conveniencia. Las intervenciones educativas consistieron en la observación del video “El invitado mortal”, y el desarrollo de un juegode “parqués sobre dengue”. Antes y después del video y del juego, fue aplicada una encuesta de conocimientos y prácticas acerca de dengue.Resultados: se pudo observar, después de la intervención,un aumento estadísticamente significativo en el conocimiento de los escolares en las siguientes variablesrelacionadas con los síntomas: fiebre (56,1 % vs. 95,4 %,p < 0,001), cefalea (6,1 % vs. 27,7 %, p = 0,003) y mialgias (12,1 % vs. 61,5 %, p < 0,001); con elmodo de transmisión a través de “picadura de mosquitos”(68,2 % vs. 95,4 %, p < 0,001) y con la medida de prevención “eliminación de criaderos”, (65,2 % vs.86,2 %, p = 0,015). Fue evidente, incluso antes de laintervención, que el manejo de la enfermedad debe hacerseen las instituciones de salud (90,0 % vs. 100 %, p < 0,001). Más del 95 % de los estudiantes manifestaronaceptación del video y del juego.Conclusiones: estos resultados sugieren que el juego, como medio educativo es una importante herramienta enla comprensión de conceptos, además de ser una actividadparticipativa y satisfactoria, por lo tanto deben ser utilizados en los programas de prevención y control deenfermedades.

Introduction: In the absence of an effective vaccineto prevent dengue, it is necessary to implement educational strategies for vector control.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of using educative materials for instruction and learning about dengue.Methods: A quasi experimental pre/post design was performed. The study population was 66 children of an educational institution in Medellin.The selection of the school and the studypopulation was for convenience. The educational strategies consisted of watching the video game “El Invitado mortal”, and develop a “Juego de parqués sobre dengue”. The data collection before and after intervention included knowledge andpractice tests for schoolchildren.Results: It was observed after the intervention, an statistically significant increase in knowledgeof the students in the following variables related to symptoms of fever (56.1% vs. 95.4 % p <0.001), headache (6.1 % vs. 27.7 %, p < 0.003) and myalgia (12.1 % vs. 61.5 %, p < 0.001), modeof transmission (68.2 % vs. 95.4 %, p = 0.001)and the preventive measure “elimination of breedingsites” (65. 2 % vs. 86.2 %, p = 0.015). It was obvious even before the intervention, the diseasemanagement should be in health institutions (90.0 % vs. 100 %, p < 0.001). Over 95 % of studentsreported acceptance of video and game.Conclusions: These results suggest that the game as an educational medium is an important tool in understanding the concepts, besides beinga participatory activity and satisfactory. Therefore could be used in prevention and control programs.

Conhecimento sobre aleitamento materno de parturientes e prática de aleitamento cruzado na Unidade Hospitalar e Maternidade Venâncio Raimundo de Sousa – Horizonte - Ceará / Knowledge of breastfeeding mothers and breastfeeding practice in cross and Maternity Hospital Unit Venancio de Sousa Raimundo - Horizonte - Ceará

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento e as práticas de aleitamento materno e de aleitamento cruzado de parturientes internadas em um Hospital e Maternidade da região nordeste brasileira, com vistas ao desenvolvimento futuro de projetos educacionais de encorajamento à amamentação em Horizonte, Ceará. SUJEITOS E MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo transversal em uma amostra de 120 mães internadas em alojamento conjunto na Unidade Hospitalar e Maternidade Venâncio Raimundo de Sousa, Horizonte, Ceará, no período de janeiro a abril de 2008. Foi aplicado um questionário estruturado às mães nas primeiras 24 horas após o parto contendo perguntas sobre características sócio econômicas, assistência pré-natal, conhecimentos e práticas em aleitamento materno e em aleitamento cruzado. RESULTADOS: A maior parte das mães (86 %) vivia com o companheiro, 25 % eram adolescentes e 20 % exerciam trabalho remunerado, a renda mediana encontrando-se entre um e dois salários mínimos. Embora todas tenham realizado consultas de pré-natal, 56 % não tiveram as mamas examinadas e 30 % não receberam qualquer orientação sobre aleitamento materno. Quanto aos conhecimentos das puérperas sobre a amamentação exclusiva, 89 % das mulheres informaram que sua duração deveria ser até os seis meses, enquanto 14 % achavam que deveria ser administrada água e chá e 4 % que deveria ser oferecido suco. A maioria (81 %) afirmou ser necessário oferecer os dois seios a cada mamada ao lactente. Dentre as mulheres multíparas, 88 % já tiveram a vivência da amamentação, sendo a duração mediana de aleitamento materno do último filho de nove meses. A maior parte dos companheiros (75 %) e dos familiares (70 %) considerou que amamentar é importante. O aleitamento cruzado foi praticado por 32 % das multíparas, predominantemente com parentes. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo mostrou a necessidade de instrumentalização da rede básica de saúde em procedimentos de promoção, proteção e apoio ao aleitamento materno...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and the practice on breastfeeding and cross-nursing among parturient women at a maternity-hospital in Northeast Brazil. The goal was to show the importance of developing educational projects to encourage breastfeeding in the city of Horizonte, Ceará. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Venâncio Raimundo de Sousa Maternity Hospital, located in Horizonte, Ceará, Brazil. A sample of 120 rooming-in mothers were interviewed between January and April, 2008. A structured questionnaire was applied during the first day after labor. Mother’s social economic conditions, reproductive history, prenatal care, level ofknowledge and practice on breastfeeding and cross-nursing were investigated. RESULTS: Most mothers (86%) lived with their partners and 25% were adolescents. Only 20% wereworking mothers, the median payment being from one to two minimum wages. All of them had prenatal care, but 56% did not have their breasts examined and 30% did not receive any advice on breastfeeding during prenatal care. Most mothers (89%) affirmed that exclusive breastfeeding should last for 6 months, 14% considered that babies should be offered water or tea and 4% juices. Most mothers (81%) considered that both breasts should be offered eachtime to the baby. Among the multiparous women, 88% had already breastfed. The median duration of previous breastfeeding was of 9 months. Most part of mother’s partners (75%) andrelatives (70%) considered that breastfeeding is important. Cross-nursing had been practiced by 32% of them, mainly with a kin. CONCLUSIONS: The research has shown the need of implementing breastfeeding promotion, protection and support in prenatal units, in order toimprove mothers knowledge and practices on breastfeeding.

The mangrove forest and artisan fishing in the Acupe District (Santo Amaro, Bahia State, Brazil): an ethnoecological approach - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v30i3.5014 / O bosque de mangues e a pesca artesanal no Distrito de Acupe (Santo Amaro, Bahia): uma abordagem etnoecológica - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v30i3.5014

Mangrove ecosystems feature a high biomass and biodiversity concentration. High productivity supports the exploitation by many traditional populations that survive on shellfish catching and artisan fishing, such as those living in the Acupe District, located in Santo Amaro, in the west coast of the Todos os Santos Bay (Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil). The aim of this paper is to describe and analyze the native knowledges about that vegetation (locally known as mangues) and their traditional practices, under Marquess comprehensive ethnoecological approach. Fishermen were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with shellfishwomen and fishermen, in order to learn more about the thinking (knowledge and beliefs) and behaviors involved in the many exploitation modalities. The results were analyzed with a combined etic-emic approach, by comparing folk and scientific knowledge. The observed traditional behavior was correlated to possible environmental implications. The results showed that fishermen have robust knowledge of the mangues, including taxonomic features, trophic ecology, phenology, ecological zoning and ecosystem perceptions, sometimes similar to academics ones. These native knowledge and perceptions showed strongly relation to local culture and their uses had ethnoconservation implications.

Os manguezais são ecossistemas que apresentam alta biomassa e concentração de biodiversidade. Estas características favorecem a utilização por muitas populações que vivem tradicionalmente da mariscagem e da pesca artesanal, como é o caso da que habita o Distrito de Acupe (Santo Amaro, Estado da Brahia), situado na margem oeste da Baía de Todos os Santos. Além dos recursos pesqueiros, a população também faz uso da vegetação do manguezal, conhecida localmente como mangue. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo abordar conhecimentos de pescadores e marisqueiras sobre o bosque de mangues, bem como seus usos à luz da etnoecologia abrangente de Marques (1995). Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas buscando-se registrar os conhecimentos e comportamentos envolvidos na utilização dos mangues. Os resultados foram analisados em uma óptica emicista/eticista, comparando-se os conhecimentos locais com aqueles disponíveis na literatura científica e correlacionando-se os comportamentos observados com suas possíveis implicações ambientais. Os dados obtidos revelaram um corpo de conhecimentos possuído pelos entrevistados sobre a vegetação do manguezal, incluindo classificação, ecologia trófica, fenologia e ecozoneamento e percepção ecossistêmica, por vezes compatíveis com os conhecimentos acadêmicos. Interações da comunidade pesqueira com o componente vegetal revelaram formas de percep