Taxonomías digitales: fundamentos teóricos y metodología de construcción / Digital taxonomies: theoretical fundamentals and construction methodology

Resumen El artículo analiza las taxonomías digitales desde la perspectiva bibliotecológica. Su objetivo fue construir una taxonomía digital del área de conocimiento "Sistema solar" que pudiera ser implementada como sistema de acceso temático jerárquico-visual para un conjunto de recursos de información digitales albergados en un sitio web. La metodología empleada en la construcción de la taxonomía consistió en una propuesta particular que se nutre de dos metodologías relevantes sobre el tema. Se encontró que las taxonomías son un Sistema para la Organización del Conocimiento (SOC) que, debido a su potencial representador y organizador, han migrado al espacio de los Sistemas para la Organización del conocimiento en Red (SOCR) cuyas funciones en la web están asociadas, entre muchas aplicaciones, a la indización y clasificación de recursos de información. Se concluye que el conocimiento teórico y aplicado de las taxonomías digitales es prioritario para los profesionales de la información que día a día se enfrentan a más retos relacionados con el ordenamiento de recursos de información insertos en la World Wide Web.

Abstract The article analyzes digital taxonomies from the librarianship perspective. Its objective was to build a digital taxonomy about "Solar System" knowledge area that can be implemented as hierarchical-visual subject access system for a set of digital information resources stored in a website. The methodology used to build the taxonomy was a proposal based on two relevant methodologies about the topic. It was found that taxonomies are a Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) that, due to its representational and organizer potential, have migrated to the space of Networked Knowledge Organization Systems (NKOS), whose tasks on the web are associated, among many applications, to the indexing and classification of information resources. It is concluded that the theoretical and applied knowledge of digital taxonomies is a priority for information professionals who every day deals with challenges related to the organization of information sources inserted in the World Wide Web.

Critical process parameter identification of manufacturing processes of Astragali Radix extract with a weighted determination coefficient method / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Critical process parameters (CPPs) identification is an important step of the implementation of quality by design (QbD) concept. There are many CPP identification methods, such as risk analysis method, sensitivity analysis method, multiple linear regression method, standard partial regression coefficient (SPRC) method, and so on. The SPRC method can consider multiple process critical quality attributes (CQAs) simultaneously, but the determination of CPP number is subjective. Therefore, new CPP identification method is still required. Methods: The manufacturing process of Astragali Radix extract, which contained water reflux extraction, concentration, and ethanol precipitation, was used as an example. First, the multiple process CQAs were determined to be the yield of pigment, dry matter, sugars, and active ingredients. Second, the potential CPPs were determined by a knowledge organization method. Plackett-Burman designed experiments were then performed. A weighted determination coefficient (Rw2) method was presented to identify CPPs. In this method, the importance of different CQAs was considered. Process parameters were removed one-by-one according to their importance index. The decrease in Rw2 was used to characterize the importance of the removed parameter. If the decrease of Rw2 was less than a preset threshold, the removed parameter was not a CPP. Results: During the manufacturing process of Astragali Radix extract, the potential CPPs determined by the knowledge organization method were water consumption, reflux extraction time, extraction frequency, ethanol content, ethanol consumption, and concentration endpoint. Reflux extraction time, the first ethanol consumption, the second ethanol consumption, and the second ethanol precipitation refrigeration temperature were found to be CPPs using the weighted determination coefficient method with the threshold of 10%. Conclusion: Using the weighted determination coefficient method, CPPs can be determined with all the CQAs considered based on their importance. The determination of CPP number is more objective compared with the SPRC method.

Design and Realization of Tools for Ontology Construction / 医学信息学杂志

The paper begins with the ontology construction requirements based on ontology reuse and transformation of existing resources,combines the current situations of study on technical progress and tools for ontology construction at home and abroad,and conducts code development of tools for ontology construction and function realization based on WebProtege class library.In the process of realization,pay attention to the interactive mode of combination of automatic tool processing and manual review,and collect specific sample data to verify the feasibility and usability of applying the developed tools for ontology construction.

Construction of semantic relations of the top-level ontology of military medicine / 军事医学

Objective To explore a construction method of semantic relations of the top-level ontology of military medicine in order to construct the top-level ontology semantic network.Methods The military medical corpus was selected,and the relationships between the concepts were extracted using text analysis.On the basis of inheriting the semantic relations of UMLS,the special semantic relations of military medicine were added.Results A method of establishing the semantic relations of the top-level ontology of military medicine was proposed,the applicability of which was verified by example of the branch of military medical equipment.Conclusion The proposed method is effective and feasible,which can provide important support to the establishment of top-level semantic networks of military medicine.

"Challenges and opportunities for medical library in ""Healthy China"" strategy" / 中华医学图书情报杂志

In order to have a better understanding of the role of medical library in medical information service during the implementation of Healthy China strategy,the need of health information service of the public and medical scientific researchers in implementation of Healthy China strategy were analyzed by outlining the development history and major targets of Healthy China strategy,and how to meet the requirements of the development of Healthy China for medical library was studies,namely by improving its resources development,service patterns and staff construction according to the present situation of big data development,the challenges medical library is faced in users needs,resources,platform,space,professionals and funds,and the opportunities brought about by the expanding requirements,improving information academic level,advancing new technologies,favorable policies and environments with relevant suggestions put forward.

Discussion about the application of topic maps technology on knowledge organization of traditional Chinese medicine with the example ofShanghanlun / 国际中医中药杂志

Literature of TCM contains abundant information of Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine information is characterized by its high degree of knowledge-intensive and complex inter-knowledge, so it is difficult to integrate and share knowledge. TheShanghanlun is one of the Chinese medical classics, and it includes the rules and methods of syndrome differentiation and treatment and it showed good effects in the clinical application. However, it is difficult to master for beginners. As a kind of knowledge organization tool, topic maps can flexibly define the relationship between knowledge, which realizes the visualization of knowledge network, and integrates and shares the distributed knowledge. This paper focused on the current situation of topic maps researches. The topic maps was used to organize the original content ofShanghanlun, construct the concept model of it and explore the specific application of topic maps technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.

Construction of semantic type framework in top-level ontology of military medicine / 军事医学

Objective To explore the construction method of semantic types of military medical ontology and to establish a framework for the semantic types of the top-level ontology of military medicine in order to lay the foundation for the construction of military medical ontology and provide support for knowledge organization, knowledge disclosure and knowledge service of military medical information resources.Methods Using the method of document measurement, the core concept set of military medicine was constructed.On the basis of the framework of the top-level semantic types of Unified Medical Language System(UMLS), the semantic type framework was completed by the combination of bottom-up and top-down modes, using semantic analysis and expert consultation.Results By classifying the same kind of knowledge points of military medicine into one semantic type, the hierarchical structure of the semantic type framework of the top-level ontology of military medicine was obtained.Conclusion The proposed method is effective and practical for the construction of the semantic types of military medical ontology.The established semantic type framework of the top-level ontology of military medicine could reconstruct military medical knowledge and provide the basic framework for the establishment of the semantic relationships of the top-level ontology of military medicine.

Modelo de sistema de organización del conocimiento basado en ontologías / Model of a knowledge organization system based on ontologies

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo proponer un modelo para el diseño y construcción de un sistema de organización del conocimiento basado en ontologías. Se propone, a través del uso de métodos descriptivos y criterios de otros autores, un modelo a partir del cual se puede obtener un sistema de información basado en ontologías. Se muestra y se explica la relación entre cada una de las partes del modelo, y se demuestran sus propiedades holísticas. Se plantean los resultados obtenidos de la evaluación del modelo para su validación a través del criterio de expertos. Todos los pasos establecidos a través del modelo resultaron importantes. La mayoría de los encuestados estuvieron a favor y en ningún caso se consideró que los pasos eran poco importantes o no importantes. Con la aplicación del modelo se espera estructurar las bases de un dominio del conocimiento en específico, tras una progresiva sustitución de los modelos convencionales del proceso de recuperación de la información por un modelo cognitivo...

The study is aimed at proposing a model for the design and construction of a knowledge organization system based on ontologies. Descriptive methods and criteria provided by other authors were used to devise and propose a model to obtain an information system based on ontologies. It is expected that the bases of a specific knowledge domain may be structured with the application of this method, following gradual replacement of conventional information retrieval models by a cognitive model. A discussion is also provided about the relationship between the various parts of the model, showing its holistic properties. The results obtained from evaluation of the model are presented for consideration by experts. All the steps established by the model were important. Most respondents were in favor and none considered that the steps were not very important or not important at all...

Informação legislativa ao alcance do cidadão: contribuição dos sistemas de organização do conhecimento / Legislative information available to the citizen: contribution of knowledge organization systems

A Lei de Acesso à Informação Pública (LAI) regulamenta o direito à informação estabelecido pela Constituição Federal de 1988, exigindo que os órgãos governamentais garantam o direito de acesso à informação pública mediante procedimentos objetivos e ágeis, de forma transparente, clara e em linguagem de fácil compreensão. Parte-se do pressuposto de que as leis produzidas pelo Legislativo podem ser consideradas "informação pública" e por isso devem ser disponibilizadas ao cidadão num formato simples e acessível. Para tanto, precisam ser organizadas, estruturadas e disseminadas, conforme as necessidades do público em geral. A Ciência da Informação, enquanto ciência responsável por investigar o fluxo da informação, desde a produção, até a disseminação e uso, busca atender às necessidades de informação de seus usuários via uso de metodologias e procedimentos específicos de organização da informação e do conhecimento. No escopo desta pesquisa sua ação não resultou em reescrever o texto das leis de forma simplificada, mas em criar métodos para sua organização e estruturação. OBJETIVO: Apresentar meios para melhorar o acesso à informação legislativa, com base em experiência realizada na elaboração de uma proposta de sistema de legislação previdenciária acessível para públicos não especialistas. MÉTODO: A partir do uso de metodologias da Organização Representação do Conhecimento, sobretudo dos Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento, e das bases teóricas da Terminologia (teórica e concreta), da Análise de Conteúdos e da Arquitetura da Informação foi possível coletar, organizar e estruturar os termos da legislação previdenciária; estabelecer redes lógico-semânticas entre os conceitos; criar designações; nomear categorias e estabelecer relações entre categorias e termos (relação hierárquica, relação associativa e relação de equivalência...

The Law on Access to Public Information (LAI) regulates the right to information established by the 1988 Federal Constitution, demanding that the government agencies ensure the right of access to public information through objective and agile procedures, in a transparent and clear way with easy to understand language. It is assumed that the laws made by the Legislative branch can be considered "public information" and therefore should be made available to the public in a simple and accessible format. Thus, they need to be organized, structured and disseminated, according to the needs of the general public. The Science of Information, while science responsible for investigating the flow of information, from its production to its dissemination and use, seeks to meet the information needs of their users via the use of methodologies and specific procedures for the organization of the information and the knowledge. In the scope of this research its action did not result in rewriting the text laws in a simplified manner, but to create methods for its organization and structure. OBJECTIVE: To introduce ways to improve the access to legislative information, based on the experience in elaborating a proposal for a system of social security legislation accessible to non-specialists public. METHOD: From the use of methodologies of Organization Knowledge Representation, especially of Systems of Knowledge Organization, and the theoretical foundation of Terminology (theoretical and factual) of the Analysis of Content and Information Architecture, it was possible to collect, organize and structure the terms of social security legislation; to establish logical-semantic networks among the concepts; to create designations; to name categories and establish relations between categories and terms (hierarchical relationship, associative relationship and equivalence relationship)...

Study on Knowledge Organization Method for Ancient Herbal Books / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

In this study, ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs were taken as an example to explore methods for knowledge organization of TCM ancient books. The features of herbal knowledge in ancient books were systematically analyzed. The concept type and semantic relation of herbal knowledge in ancient books were defined. Based on the original data of ancient herbal books, the knowledge organization of analysis, concept classification and association were formed, in order to discuss the knowledge service mode of TCM ancient book based on knowledge organization.

Organización y tendencias del conocimiento de enfermería en Chile / Organização e tendências do conhecimento da enfermagem em Chile / Chilean!s Nursing Knowledge Organization and their Tendencies

Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y retrospectivo que exploró la organización del conocimiento de la Enfermería Chilena y sus tendencias. El universo estuvo constituido por reportes científicos publicados en las revistas de enfermería chilenas entre 1965 y 2003 (N=214). Se utilizó pauta basada en la CIPE, criterios de Nogueira e indicaciones de cienciometría. El análisis con medidas estadísticas de tendencia central fueron manejadas con SPSS. Algunos resultados fueron: el sujeto de estudio más frecuente fue el profesional de enfermería y la tendencia es enfocarse a las necesidades en salud de las personas adultas y en riesgo de enfermar. Se observa: las publicaciones tienen poco sustento teórico de enfermería, "Ciencia y Enfermería" es la revista que exhibe la mejor calidad científica.

Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e retrospectivo que explorou a organização do conhecimento da Enfermagem Chilena e suas tendências. O universo esteve constituído por artigos científicos publicados nas revistas de enfermgem chilenas entre 1965 e 2003 (N=214). Utilizou-se pauta baseada na CIPE, critérios de Nogueira e indicações de cienciometría. A análise com medidas estatísticas de tendência central foram manejadas com SPSS. Dentre os resultados: o sujeito de estudo mais frequente foi o profissional de enfermagem e a tendência é enfocar-se às necessidades em saúde das pessoas adultas e em risco de adoecer. Observa-se que as publicações têm pouca sustentação teórica de enfermagem. Assim, Ciência e Enfermagem é a revista que exibe a melhor qualidade científica.

A Quantitative, descriptive and retrospective resarch that explored the Chilean Nursing knowledge organization an their tendencies. The universe was composed by scientists reports published in the Chilean nursing journals between 1965 and 2003 (N=214). Data were collected by an instrument based on the CIPE's and Nogueira's classification and cienciometría indications. Statistics measures of central tendency analysis was managed with SPSS. Some of the results obtained were: the more frequent study subject's was the professional nursing and the tendency is to be focused at the mature people's health necessities and their risk of being ill. It was found: little theoretical nursing sustenance at the reports. The" Ciencia y Enfermería" is the journal that exhibits the best scientific quality of alls.