Prevalencia de colesterol HDL-bajo asociado a otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en una población adulta en la Policlínica del Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Central / Prevalence of low HDL cholesterol associated with other cardiovascular risks factors in an adult population in the IPS Polyclinic of the Central Hospital from the Central Previtional Institut

Introducción: el colesterol HDL (c-HDL) es una lipoproteína encargada de la remoción del colesterol en exceso a nivel de las arterias, por lo que sus niveles bajos promueven la formación de placas ateromatosas y si a esto le sumamos otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular, en su gran mayoría modificables, a nuestra población adulta, no es de extrañar que la enfermedad cardiovascular sea la primera causa de muerte en nuestro país. Con la intervención precoz sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares se podría disminuir la mortalidad por esta causa. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia del c-HDL-bajo en una población adulta aparentemente sana y su asociación a otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Material y método: estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transverso con componente analítico de pacientes adultos que consultaron en la Policlínica del IPS Hospital Central por cualquier razón en el periodo abril-mayo 2013. Resultados: en una población adulta de 110 pacientes, aparentemente sanos, la frecuencia del c-HDL bajo fue del 48%, las mujeres fueron más asiduas a consulta (83%), y en su mayoría tuvieron tendencia al HDL normal. Los varones acudieron menos a consulta y presentaron porcentajes más elevados de c-HDL bajo. La mitad de los pacientes presentaban hipercolesterolemia; predomino del sobrepeso y la obesidad sobre el peso normal; 95% de los pacientes eran sedentarios. Hubo un bajo porcentaje de intolerantes a la glucosa y elevado de hipertensos no controlados. El c-LDL no fue elevado en promedio y no arrojó diferencias entre los grupos c-HDL normal y bajo. Conclusiones: los sujetos eran procedentes de la capital y del Departamento Central, es decir de aéreas más bien urbanas. La mayoría de los pacientes en estudio eran mujeres adultas, con sobrepeso, sedentarias, con colesterol elevado e hipertensas. El grupo con c-HDL bajo se encontraba asociado a otros factores de riesgo como: sexo masculino, sobrepeso u obesidad, sedentarismo, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia e hipertensión arterial. Los pacientes de peso normal presentaba c-HDL bajo en una proporción importante. Las mujeres, sedentarias, con sobrepeso u obesas, presentaban c-HDL normal en una proporción significativa. La mayoría de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular encontrados en los pacientes son modificables.

Introduction: HDL cholestero (HDL-C) is a lipoprotein responsible for the remoral of excess cholesterol from arteries, low promote the formation of atheromatous plaques and if we add other cardiovascular risk factors, the vast majority to our adult population, it is no wonder how cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in our country. With early intervention on cardiovascular risk factors we could reduce mortality from this cause.Objetive: To determine the prevalence of low HDL-C in apparently healthy adult population and its association with other cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Observational descriptive cross sectional study with analytical component of adult patients concurrent the Central Polyclinic Hospital IPS for any reason in the period April-May 2013. Results: In a population of 110 adult patients, apparently healthy, the frequency of low HDL-C was 48%, women were assiduous to consulation (83%) and majority had normal HDL-C tendency. The male came less to consultation and presented higher percentages of low HDL-C. Half of the patients had hypercholesterolemia; predominance of overweight and obesity over normal weigth, 95% of patients were sedentary. There was a low porcentage of glucose intolerance and high uncontrolled hypertension. The LDL-C was not high on average and showed no difference between low and normal HDL groups. Conclusions: Subjects were from the capital and the Central Departament, predominantly from urban areas. Most patients studied were adult women, overweight, sedentary, with high cholesterol and hypertension. The group with low HDL-C was assiociated with other risk factors such as male gender, overweight or obesity, physical inactivity, hipercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension. Normal weight patients had low HDL-C in a significant proportion. Women, sedentary, overweight or obese, had normal HDL-C in a significant proportion. The majority of cardiovascular risk factors found in patients were modifiable.

Trend of Prevalence of Low HDL-Cholesterol and Related Factors in Korean Men: Using 3 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data (1998-2005) / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: Low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease. Using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), we assessed trend of the prevalence of low HDL-C and the factors which are associated with low HDL-C in Korean men. METHODS: We analyzed three serial KNHANES data which were conducted in year 1998, 2001, and 2005. Among all survey participants, we included men aged 30-79 years with laboratory data. Low HDL-C was defined by serum HDL-C < 40 mg/dL. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to assess the association between low HDL-C and related factors. We investigated trend of the prevalence of low HDL-C and associated factors among Korean men. RESULTS: The prevalence of low HDL-C in Korean men was increasing from 26.3% (1998) to 38.8% (2001) and 45.9% (2005). Low HDL-C was associated with non-alcohol drinker, current smoking, sedentary physical activity, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. The prevalence of current smoking decreased linearly. The prevalence of sedentary physical activity and hypertriglyceridemia increased from year 1998 to year 2001, but decreased from year 2001 to year 2005. However, the prevalence of non-alcohol drinker and obesity increased continuously. The patterns of the increasing prevalence of low HDL-C were compatible to the increasing prevalence of obesity according to age in Korean men. CONCLUSION: From year 1998 to year 2005, the prevalence of low HDL-C in Korean men has increased. Obesity and non-alcohol drinking might be contributing factors of increasing prevalence of low HDL-C in Korean men. Management of obesity is needed to prevent increasing the prevalence of low HDL-C among Korean men.

Low HDL cholesterol is associated with increased atherogenic lipoproteins and insulin resistance in women classified with metabolic syndrome

Both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We hypothesized that low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) would further increase CVD risk in women having both conditions. To assess this, we recruited 89 women with MetS (25-72 y) and LDL-C > or = 2.6 mmol/L. To determine whether plasma HDL-C concentrations were associated with dietary components, circulating atherogenic particles, and other risk factors for CVD, we divided the subjects into two groups: high HDL-C (H-HDL) (> or = 1.3 mmol/L, n = 32) and low HDL-C (L-HDL) (< 1.3 mmol/L, n = 57). Plasma lipids, insulin, adiponectin, apolipoproteins, oxidized LDL, Lipoprotein(a), and lipoprotein size and subfractions were measured, and 3-d dietary records were used to assess macronutrient intake. Women with L-HDL had higher sugar intake and glycemic load (P < 0.05), higher plasma insulin (P < 0.01), lower adiponectin (P < 0.05), and higher numbers of atherogenic lipoproteins such as large VLDL (P < 0.01) and small LDL (P < 0.001) than the H-HDL group. Women with L-HDL also had larger VLDL and both smaller LDL and HDL particle diameters (P < 0.001). HDL-C was positively correlated with LDL size (r = 0.691, P < 0.0001) and HDL size (r = 0.606, P < 0.001), and inversely correlated with VLDL size (r = -0.327, P < 0.01). We concluded that L-HDL could be used as a marker for increased numbers of circulating atherogenic lipoproteins as well as increased insulin resistance in women who are already at risk for CVD.

Alcohol Consumption and the Coronary Heart Disease-Related Risk Factors in Korean Adults: the Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III), 2005

Moderate alcohol consumption has been known to be associated with reduced risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). We assessed the association between alcohol consumption and CHD-related risk factors [hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), high total cholesterol, high triglyceride (TG), low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and high LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C)] in Korean. After excluding those with extreme intake values, the number of final subjects included in the analysis was 4,662 Korean adults aged over 20 years (1,961 men, 2,701 women) who participate in the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into four or five groups; none-alcohol consumption group, moderate alcohol consumption group ( or = 70 g/d in men, > or = 30 g/d in women). Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated from logistic regression adjusting for potential covariates. Alcohol consumption was inversely associated with low HDL-C in both men and women. However, heavy alcohol intake (> or = 70 g/d) significantly increased risk for hypertension, DM, and hypertriglyceridemia in men. The frequency of alcohol intake was also associated with CHD risk. The risk for low HDLC was decreased with alcohol consumption (> or = 1 times/wk), but frequent alcohol intake (> or = 4 times/wk) increased the risk for hypertension. This study revealed that moderate alcohol consumption has protective effect on CHD-related risk factors in Korean population.

Relations between the Dietary Habits and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Premenopausal Women

BACKGROUND: In these days the metabolic syndrome threatens many people of Korea. Several studies have suggested that the dietary habits are associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to find out relations between the components of the metabolic syndrome and the dietary habits. METHODS: The subjects of this study included 1,005 non-smoking premenopausal females aged from 20 to 49 years old who visited the health promotion center of a university hospital. Dietary questionnaire was composed of dietary habits and specific food intake frequency during the past 3 months. RESULTS: The subjects who had more than one metabolic components were 361 (36%), and those who had the metabolic syndrome was 35 (3.5%). After multivariate logistic analysis adjusted with age, BMI, smoking status, alcohol intake, and exercise, the abdominal obesity risk was significantly increased in those who had irregular meals (P for trend= 0.049), skip meals (P for trend=0.050), faster meal time (P=0.017), and intake of saturated fat more frequently (P=0.043). The abdominal obesity risk was significantly increased in those who overate or binged eating 7gt; or =3 times/week than <1 time/week {OR (95% CI), 2.49 (1.07~5.80)}, intake fruit <1 time/week than 6~7 times/week {OR (95% CI), 4.46 (1.20~16.54)}. A risk for high blood pressure was significantly increased in those who had breakfast 1~2 times/week than those had it 6~7 times/week {OR (95% CI), 1.91 (1.07~3.42)}. The risk for impaired fasting glucose was significantly increased in those had breakfast <1 time/week than those who had 6~7 times/week {OR (95% CI), 2.27 (1.20~4.28), P for trend=0.018}. CONCLUSION: There was a correlation between dietary habits and metabolic syndrome components. Among the dietary habits, irregular meals, skipping breakfast, skipping meals, fast meal time, overeating or binge eating tendency, low intake of fruits and high intake of saturated fat were associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome components.

Factors associated low HDL cholesterol in adults

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease are increasing in recent years among Korean due to change of dietary pattern. We conducted a cross sectional study to analyze various factors for low HDL cholesterol knowns as a independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. METHODS: At the health care center of Asan Medical Center in 1999, 7259 people without cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, hyperlipidemia were selected. They were exmined weight, height, blood pressure. Other data was drawn from questionnaire, blood chemistry. SPSS (version 7.5) was used for analysis of this data. RESULTS: 1) The means of HDL cholesterol level was higher in women than men. 2) The means of HDL cholesterol of men was lower in subgroup of age below 45 years old, obesity, lower total cholesterol( OR =200 mg/dL), current smoking, sedantary life style than others. In women, it was lower in subgroup of over 55 years old, obesity, diabetes, hypertention, lower total cholesterol( OR =200 mg/dL) than others. By multilple logistic analysis, obesity, triglyceride, current smoking, moderate alcohol drinking were significant factors associated with low HDL cholesterol (< 42 mg/dL, 25 percentile of study paricipants). CONCLUSION: These resluts suggest that obesity, high triglyceride, current smoking are independent risk factors and moderate alcoholic drinking is a negative risk factor of low HDL cholesterol in this study participants.