Trends in death and life lost due to bladder cancer in Suzhou Cityfrom 2003 to 2022 / 预防医学

Objective @#To analyze the trends in mortality and life lost due to bladder cancer in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province from 2003 to 2022, so as to provide the reference for prevention and treatment strategy of bladder cancer.@*Methods@# The data of bladder cancer death in Suzhou City from 2003 to 2022 were collected through Suzhou Residents' Death Registration System, including age, gender, date of death and underlying cause of death. The crude mortality, standardized mortality, years of potential life lost (PYLL), standardized years of potential life lost (SPYLL), years of potential life lost rate (PYLLR), standardized years of potential life lost rate (SPYLLR) and average years of life lost (AYLL) were calculated. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was used to analyze the trends in bladder cancer death and life lost. @*Results@#Totally 2 978 deaths occurred due to bladder cancer in Suzhou City from 2003 to 2022. The crude mortality was 2.22/105, which appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=4.271%, P<0.05). The standardized mortality was 0.91/105, which appeared no significant changing trend (P>0.05). The standardized mortality was 1.58/105 in males and 0.37/105 in females, which appeared no significant tendency in males (P>0.05) and appeared a tendency towards a decline in females (AAPC=-2.331%, P<0.05). The age-specific crude mortality was low among people who aged under 45 years, began to rise among people aged over 45 years and peaked among people aged 60 years and older. The crude mortality of bladder cancer in males aged 60 years and older showed an increasing trend (AAPC=2.864%, P<0.05), but there was no significant tendency in females aged 60 years and older (P>0.05). The PYLL, SPYLL, PYLLR, SPYLLR and AYLL of bladder cancer were 5 020.00 person-years, 2 945.14 person-years, 0.04‰, 0.03‰ and 9.07 years per person. SPYLL, SPYLLR and AYLL showed an decreasing trend (AAPC=-2.867%, -3.321%, -3.738%, P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#The mortality of bladder cancer in Suzhou City appeared a tendency towards a rise from 2003 to 2022. The PYLL appeared a downward trend. Males aged 60 years and older are the key groups for the prevention and control of bladder cancer.

Ethical Thinking on Fertility Preservation of Female Patients with Cancer / 中国医学伦理学

Fertility preservation technology provides an effective method of protecting fertility resources for young patients with malignant tumors, allowing them to offspring after their fertility is impaired. However, the development of this technology has caused many social and ethical controversies. From the perspective of ethics, this paper discussed the ethical issues faced by young female patients in the implementation of fertility preservation, including whether it is necessary to preserve fertility, the ownership of the preserved fertility resources and the fair and equitable distribution of health resources involved in its implementation process, and identifies these issues and controversies from ethical view. In order to eliminate public doubts and misunderstandings about the technology of fertility preservation, ethical principles of benefit and non-harm, informed consent, prudent application, and ethical supervision have to be followed in the process of providing fertility preservation services, so as to promote the further development and application of fertility preservation technology.

Research Progress in Treatment of Malignant Tumors by Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Exosomes / 肿瘤防治研究

Malignant tumor is still one of the malignant diseases with high morbidity and mortality in the world. Its occurrence and development are influenced by various factors. Exosomes are nanoscale secretory vesicles that play an important role in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, and have intercellular communication functions. The mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of tumors is not yet comprehensive enough. This article discusses the relationship between exosomes and tumor development, relapse, metastasis and drug resistance, and the application of exosomes in the treatment of malignant tumors by traditional Chinese medicine, to provide reference for finding new breakthroughs in the treatment of malignant tumors.

Carcinoma basocelular diagnosticado por dermatoscopia en consulta de dermatología del Hospital Universitario Miguel Enríquez

Fundamento: el carcinoma basocelular es un tumor maligno muy frecuente en el ser humano. Se considera invasivo de forma local, además de agresivo y destructivo. Objetivo: mostrar el comportamiento de los pacientes con carcinoma basocelular diagnosticados por dermatoscopia en consulta de dermatología del Hospital Universitario Miguel Enríquez, entre junio de 2020 y mayo de 2021. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, para mostrar el comportamiento de los pacientes con carcinoma basocelular que asistieron a la consulta de dermatología del Hospital Universitario Miguel Enríquez en el periodo de junio 2020 a mayo 2021. El universo de estudio se conformó por los pacientes mayores de 18 años que presentaron una o varias lesiones presuntivas de carcinoma basocelular menores de 3 cm de diámetro. Se utilizaron las variables: edad, sexo, fototipo de piel, formas clínicas, patrones dermatoscópicos, topografía de la lesión, ocupación relacionada o no con la exposición solar. Se trabajó con frecuencias absolutas, porcentaje, media, desviación estándar, valores máximos y mínimos, la razón, pruebas de ji-cuadrado y t de student, con significación p≤0,05. Resultados: predominó en ancianos (66,4±14,9 años), en hombres (54,1 %), con fototipo 2 (57,8 %), y en nariz el 33,9 %. La forma nodular fue más frecuente (41,3 %), ocupación expuesta al sol (66,9 %), tamaño promedio de la lesión 1,4 cm. La dermatoscopia mostró predominio de los vasos arborizantes (73,4 %). Por histología se confirmó el 90,8 % de los casos. Conclusiones: predominaron entre los pacientes los ancianos, con fototipo 2. La forma nodular fue más frecuente, el tamaño promedio de la lesión fue de 1,4 cm. La dermatoscopia mostró predominio de los vasos arborizantes. La dermatoscopía resultó ser una herramienta necesaria para el uso sistemático en dermatología.

Foundation: basal cell carcinoma is a very common malignant tumor in humans. It is considered locally invasive, also aggressive and destructive. Objective: to show the behavior of patients with basal cell carcinoma diagnosed by dermoscopy in dermatology clinic of the Miguel Enríquez University Hospital, between June 2020 and May 2021. Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out to show the behavior of patients with basal cell carcinoma who attended the dermatology consultation at the Miguel Enríquez University Hospital from June 2020 to May 2021. The universe of study was made up of patients older than 18 years who presented one or more presumptive lesions of basal cell carcinoma less than 3 cm in diameter. The variables used were: age, sex, skin phototype, clinical forms, dermoscopic patterns, topography of the lesion, occupation related or not to sun exposure. We worked with absolute frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum values, the ratio, chi-square and student's t tests, with significance p≤0.05. Results: it prevailed in the elderly (66.4±14.9 years), in men (54.1 %), with phototype 2 (57.8 %), and in the nose 33.9 %. The nodular form was more frequent (41.3 %), occupation exposed to the sun (66.9 %), average size of the lesion 1.4 cm. Dermoscopy showed a predominance of arborizing vessels (73.4 %). By histology, 90.8 % of the cases were confirmed. Conclusions: the elderly prevailed among the patients, with phototype 2. The nodular form was more frequent, the average size of the lesion was 1.4 cm. Dermoscopy showed a predominance of arborizing vessels. Dermoscopy turned out to be a necessary tool for systematic use in dermatology.

Discussion on the Treatment of Malignant Tumors by the Method of Counteracting Toxin with Toxin / 中医杂志

Cancer toxin is the key pathogenesis of malignant tumors. The basic principle of cancer treatment is “dispelling pathogen and resolving toxins， reinforcing healthy qi and reinforcing the foundation”. As one of the “eight methods of anticancer and detoxification”， the counteracting toxin with toxin therapy is a commonly used clinical treatment of malignant tumors. This paper discussed the method of counteracting toxin with toxin and its application in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors from the aspects of history tracing， academic connotation， application principles and clinical application. Toxic Chinese medicinals with anticancer function are required to eliminate cancer toxins based on the principles of excessive cancer toxicity and plentiful healthy qi， as well as in accordance with the various stages and classifications of tumors， thereby improving the theoretical connotation of the method of counteracting toxin with toxin， and promoting the popularization and application of the pathogenesis theory of cancer toxin in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 rs671 genetic polymorphisms are associated with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the correlation between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) rs671 polymorphisms and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).@*METHODS@#A total of 90 Chinese patients with malignant tumors receiving chemotherapy for the first time were recruited in this study. The occurrence of CINV was observed within 120 h after treatment with docetaxel and cis-platinum chemotherapy (DP regimen). The data of the patients (including age, gender, tumor stage, habitual alcohol consumption, motion sickness, morning sickness, and average sleep time prior to chemotherapy) were collected through a questionnaire. ALDH2 rs671 polymorphisms of the patients were analyzed using a multiple single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, and the Hardy-Weinberg equation was used for genetic linkage analysis. The correlations between the factors including ALDH2 rs671 polymorphisms and the occurrence of CINV were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of CINV was 48.9% among the patients receiving their first chemotherapy with DP regimen. Univariate analysis indicated that the genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2 rs671 were significantly correlated with the occurrence of CINV (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that ALDH2 rs671 mutation (OR: 3.019, 95% CI: 1.056-8.628, P < 0.05) and average sleep time prior to chemotherapy no longer than 6 h (OR: 2.807, 95% CI: 1.033-7.628, P < 0.05) were risk factors for CINV in patients with malignant tumors receiving the first chemotherapy with DP regimen.@*CONCLUSION@#ALDH2 gene mutation at rs671 is a risk factor contributing to the occurrence of CINV, and understanding of the underlying mechanism may help to more effectively control the occurrence of CINV.

Trends in incidence of malignant tumors in Yuyao City from 2011 to 2018 / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the trends in incidence of malignant tumors in Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2018, so as to provide insights into formulation of the malignant tumor control strategy.@*Methods@#Data pertaining to the incidence of malignant tumor in Yuyao City from 2011 to 2018 were captured from the Chronic Disease Surveillance Module of Ningbo Municipal Digital Disease Control and Prevention Platform. The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, global population-standardized incidence, cumulative incidence (0 to 74 years of age), and truncated age-standardized incidence (35 to 64 years of age) of malignant tumors were estimated, and the trends in incidence of malignant tumors were analyzed in Yuyao City from 2011 to 2018 using average annual percentage change (AAPC).@*Results@#The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, global population-standardized incidence, cumulative incidence (0 to 74 years of age), and truncated age-standardized incidence (35 to 64 years of age) of malignant tumors were 433.78/105, 289.37/105, 224.22/105, 25.83% and 83.34/105 in Yuyao City from 2011 to 2018, with AAPC of 5.90%, 3.31%, 3.31%, 2.84% and 4.24%, respectively (all P<0.05), and the incidence of malignant tumors appeared an overall tendency towards a rise. The incidence of malignant tumors increased with age in Yuyao City from 2011 to 2018, and the incidence of malignant tumors was significantly higher in women than in men at ages of 20 to 54 years, while higher incidence was seen in men than in women at ages of 55 years and older. The ten most common malignant tumors included lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and cervical cancer, accounting for 78.84% of all malignancies, and the the incidence of lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer appeared a tendency towards a rise year by year, with AAPC of 8.37%, 5.36%, 6.42%, 24.81%, 5.49% and 18.78%, respectively (all P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#The of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a rise in Yuyao City from 2011 to 2018, and lung cancer, thyroid cancer, specific female cancers, male gastrointestinal and prostate cancers should be given a high priority for cancer control in Yuyao City in the future. Early screening and early diagnosis of cancers should be facilitated among high-risk populations.

Biological Functions of CD24 in Malignant Tumor and its Application as a Novel Anti-tumor Target / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

CD24 is a highly glycosylated protein that is linked to the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. As a universally expressed protein on immune cells, CD24 is also overexpressed in nearly 70% of human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer and bladder cancer et al. Studies revealed that CD24 is involved in regulating cell proliferation, migration and invasion in cancer cells by interacting with P-selectin, activating Wnt and MAPK signaling pathway or other signaling molecules. Therefore, CD24-targeted siRNA or antibody has a great potential to exert anti-tumor effects by blocking the interaction. There are currently several agents or regiments targeting CD24 for the treatment of patients with various kinds of cancers that are undergoing assessment in the preclinical study at present. Recent studies revealed that CD24 was able to interact with the inhibitory receptor sialic-acid-binding Ig-like lectin 10 (Siglec-10), which located on the surface of macrophages, to compose a novel immune checkpoint. The binding of CD24 to Siglec-10 elicits an inhibitory signaling cascade, limits macrophage phagocytosis, evades immune surveillance, and promotes tumor growth, which suggested that CD24 may be a potential target in anti-tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we introduced the structure and function of CD24 and its role in cancer progression and anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, the progression in developing novel anti-cancer drugs or treatment strategies with the target of CD24 was summarized, which aims to provide a new insight in CD24-targeting therapy.

Effects and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine injection in prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity induced by antineoplastic drugs / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Traditional Chinese medicine injections for the prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity of antineoplastic drugs was summarized, including Shengmai injection, Shenmai injection, Shenfu injection, Shenqi Fuzheng injection, Kangai injection, Huangqi injection, Xinmailong injection, Danhong injection, Danshen injection, Honghua injection, Kushen injection, Cinobufacin injection and Yinxingdamo injection. The mechanism of effect mainly includes inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reduction of calcium overload and anti-cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which provides the basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity of antitumor drugs by traditional Chinese medicine.

Trends in incidence of malignant tumors in Yongkang City from 2013 to 2019 / 预防医学

Objective @#To investigate the trends in incidence of malignant tumors in Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2019, so as to provide insights into formulation of the malignant tumor control strategy.@*Methods@#Data pertaining to the incidence of malignant tumors from 2013 to 2019 were captured from the Zhejiang Chronic Disease Monitoring Information System. Based on the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) and data from the national population census, the constituent ratio, crude incidence and Chinese population-standardized incidence of malignant tumors were estimated, and the trends in incidence of malignant tumors were investigated using annual percent change (APC).@*Results@#The annual mean crude incidence and Chinese population-standardized incidence of malignant tumors were 356.75/105 and 226.97/105, which both appeared an overall tendency towards a rise (APC=5.887% and 4.815%, both P<0.05). The crude incidence of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a rise among both men (APC=3.860%, P<0.05) and women (APC=8.534%, P<0.05) from 2013 to 2019, and the Chinese population-standardized incidence of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a rise among women (APC=8.392%, P<0.05). The largest increase in the crude incidence of malignant tumors was seen among women at ages of 15 to 44 years (APC=11.599%, P<0.05). In addition, the Chinese population-standardized incidence of lung cancer, colorectal cancer and thyroid cancer all showed a tendency towards a rise among men (all P<0.05), and the Chinese population-standardized incidence of lung cancer and thyroid cancer both appeared a tendency towards a rise among women (both P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#The incidence of malignant tumors showed a tendency towards a rise in Yongkang City from 2013 to 2019, and the elderly and young females are high-risk populations for malignant tumors. Lung cancer, thyroid cancer and colorectal cancer are cancers that should be given a high priority.

Diagnosis and treatment of adult tumor patients with COVID-19 / 中华肿瘤杂志

After the first outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the end of 2019, it has caused multiple rounds of transmission in many countries around the world. Cancer patients are mainly elderly people, and the immunosuppression state caused by the tumor itself and anti-tumor treatment, more accompanying underlying diseases, and more hospital environmental exposure leading to a higher incidence of COVID-19 infection. The proportion of severe cases after infection is high, and the mortality is high. Therefore, based on the domestic and foreign research and clinical practice, the Expert Committee of Geriatric Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology launched a discussion based on the characteristics of cancer patients, including the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, definition and risk factors of severe cases, diagnosis and treatment recommendations, recovery of anti-tumor treatment and vaccination recommendations. To provide the corresponding suggestions for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of such patients.

Ferroptosis:Mechanism and Role in Malignant Tumors / 中国医学科学院学报

Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death different from other cell death pathways such as apoptosis,autophagy,necrosis,and pyroptosis in terms of initiation,mechanisms,and molecular characteristics.As the accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxides is the hallmark of ferroptosis,the balance between oxidative damage and antioxidant defense is critical to the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis.In cancer,the upregulation of antioxidant defense pathways can inhibit ferroptosis,thereby promoting cancer cells to survive the oxidative stress and develop drug resistance.This review systematically introduces the main features and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis.In addition,we summarize the role of ferroptosis in the progression and drug resistance of malignant tumors,providing novel implications for further research on the pathogenesis of malignant tumors and discovery of new targets for anti-cancer therapy.

Consensus on the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer related anemia in China (2023 edition) / 中华肿瘤杂志

Cancer related anemia (CRA) is a common side effect in patients with tumors, the incidence of which is related to tumor type, treatment regimen, the duration of chemotherapy, etc. The pathogenesis of CRA has not been fully defined. CRA may lead to chemotherapy dose reduction or may even delay chemotherapy. Patients with CRA require red blood cell transfusion, thus increasing the treatment cost, reducing the efficiency of chemotherapy and the patient's quality of life, and shortening the survival time. The main treatments of CRA include red blood cell transfusion, iron supplements, erythropoietin, and so on. Based on recent literature and clinical studies, the expert committee of the China Anti-Cancer Association drew up the consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of anemia related to tumor in China (2023 edition). The 2023 consensus incorporates the latest evidence-based medicine evidence and Traditional Chinese Medicine related content and aims to provide more reliable diagnosis and treatment plans for Chinese oncologists to help improve CRA and the quality of life in patients with cancer.

Study on the Impact of Medical Risk Perception on Clinical Treatment Decision-making in Preoperative Patients with Malignant Tumors / 中国医学伦理学

【Objective:】 To understand the current status and related impacts of medical risk perception and treatment decision-making in preoperative patients with malignant tumors. 【Methods:】 The 350 malignant tumor patients who were hospitalized for surgical treatment in two tertiary hospitals in Liaoning Province were selected. The general information questionnaire, medical risk perception questionnaire, and participation in treatment decision-making questionnaire were used as survey tools. SPSS26.0 software, data statistical methods such as the Kappa test and multiple linear regression were used to analyze valid data. 【Results:】 Among the 350 subjects, the mean scores of the actual level of participation in treatment decision-making and attitude towards participation in treatment decision-making were(1.75±0.50) and(1.56±0.52), respectively, and the consistency between them was poor(Kappa=0.134, P<0.001). The total score of medical risk perception in preoperative patients with malignant tumors was(57.13±16.2). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the actual degree of patient participation in treatment decision-making was influenced by the experience of surgical treatment(β=-1.744, P<0.05), economic risk in medical risk perception(β=0.478, P<0.05), and time risk (β=0.478, P<0.05). Economic risk in medical risk perception(β=0.043, P<0.05), time risk (β=0.646, P<0.05), and psychological risk(β=-0.329, P<0.05) were the influencing factors of patients’ attitude towards participating in treatment decision-making. 【Conclusion:】 Medical professionals should pay more attention to the influence of medical risk perception of malignant tumor patients on treatment decision-making. Malignant tumor patients should fully exercise their right to choose treatment plans independently, and jointly improve the actual level and attitude of the group when participating in treatment decision-making.

Correlation between malignant tumors and ABO blood types in Chaoshan area, Guangdong / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the relationship between ABO blood types and the risk of malignant tumors in Chaoshan area, Guangdong. 【Methods】 Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution of ABO blood types between 45 890 patients with malignant tumors from the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College and 42 465 healthy blood donors from Shantou Central Blood Bank. 【Results】 Among the main types of malignant tumors, the distributions of ABO blood types in patients with esophageal cancer or head and neck cancer were significantly different from that in the normal population (χ2=11.16, P<0.05; χ2=74.36, P<0.05; respectively). People with type B were identified with high risk of esophageal cancer and head and neck cancer (OR=1.09, 95% CI=1.03-1.15, P<0.05; OR=1.46, 95% CI=1.34-1.60, P<0.05), whereas those with type A or O were identified with low risk of head and neck cancer (OR=0.87, 95% CI=0.79-0.96, P<0.05; OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.76-0.90, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 ABO blood type distribution in patients with esophageal cancer or head and neck cancer in Chaoshan area may be different from that in normal population, suggesting that different ABO blood types may be associated with the risk of esophageal cancer and head and neck cancer.

Death and life loss of malignant tumors in Xicheng District from 2014 to 2021 / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the mortality and life loss of malignant tumors among residents in Xicheng District, Beijing from 2014 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control strategy for malignant tumors.@*Methods@#Data pertaining to dead cases of malignant tumors in Xicheng District from 2014 to 2021 were collected from Beijing Integrated and Analysis Platform for Health and Disease Prevention Monitoring Information Resources. The crude mortality, standardized mortality, years of potential life lost (YPLL), years of potential life lost rate (YPLLR), rate of standardized years of potential life lost (SYPLLR), average years of life lost (AYLL) and annual percent change (APC) of malignant tumors were measured to analyze the trends in mortality of malignant tumors and life loss.@*Results@#A total of 23 202 residents died from malignant tumors in Xicheng District from 2014 to 2021, and the crude and standardized mortality rates of malignant tumors were 198.09/105 and 101.46/105, respectively. The standardized mortality of malignant tumors was 117.36/105 among men and 85.97/105 among women. The standard mortality of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a decline among all cases (APC=-1.515%, t=-4.289, P=0.005) and women (APC=-1.629%, t=-3.046, P=0.023), and the crude mortality of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a rise with age (χ2trend=49.324, P<0.001). The five most deadly malignant tumors included lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer and pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer were the three malignant tumors with the three highest life loss, with YPLL of 18 054 person-years, 9 446 person-years and 8 179 person-years, respectively. Leukemia had the highest AYLL (15.95 years per person).@*Conclusions@#The standardized mortality of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a decline among residents in Xicheng District from 2014 to 2021, and men and the elderly people were at high risk of malignant tumors. Lung cancer, colorectal cancer and liver cancer were leading causes of death, leukemia was the major cause of life loss.

Analysis of Irregular Blood Group Antibody Distribution and Blood Transfusion Efficacy in Patients with Malignant Tumor / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the distribution of irregular blood group antibodies in patients with malignant tumors, and to analyze the relationship between it and efficacy of blood transfusion in patients.@*METHODS@#5 600 patients with malignant tumors treated in Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the research subjects. All patients received blood transfusion, and cross matching test was conducted before blood transfusion, irregular antibody results of patients were tested; the irregular distribution of blood group antibodies was observed, and the relationship between it and efficacy of blood transfusion in patients was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among 5 600 patients with malignant tumors, 96 cases were positive for irregular antibody, and the positive rate was 1.71%; the main blood group systems involved in the irregular antibody positive of 96 patients with malignant tumors were RH, MNSs and Duffy system, among which Rh blood group was the most common, and the proportion of anti-E was the highest; among the malignant tumor patients with positive blood group irregular antibody, the proportion of female was higher than that of male; the proportion of patients aged >60 years was the highest, followed by patients aged >40 and ≤50 years, and the proportion of patients aged 18-30 years was the lowest; the patients with positive blood group irregular antibody were mainly in blood system (including lymphoma), digestive system, reproductive and urinary system; the positive rate of irregular antibody of patients in the ineffective group was higher than that of patients in the effective group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis results showed that, irregular antibody positive was a risk factor for ineffective blood transfusion in patients with malignant tumor (OR>1, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The irregular blood group antibody positive of patients with malignant tumor are mostly female, and the proportion of patients aged >60 is the highest, which is mainly distributed in malignant tumors of blood system, digestive system and urogenital system, and the positive blood group irregular antibody is related to the efficacy of blood transfusion in patients.

Application of artificial neural network algorithm in pathological diagnosis and prognosis prediction of digestive tract malignant tumors / 浙江大学学报·医学版

The application of artificial neural network algorithm in pathological diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignant tumors has become a research hotspot. In the previous studies, the algorithm research mainly focused on the model development based on convolutional neural networks, while only a few studies used the combination of convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks. The research contents included classical histopathological diagnosis and molecular typing of malignant tumors, and the prediction of patient prognosis by utilizing artificial neural networks. This article reviews the research progress on artificial neural network algorithm in the pathological diagnosis and prognosis prediction of digestive tract malignant tumors.

Effectiveness of temporal island flap pedicled with perforating branch of zygomatic orbital artery to repair the defects after periocular malignant tumor resection / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the effectiveness of the temporal island flap pedicled with the perforating branch of zygomatic orbital artery for repairing defects after periocular malignant tumor resection.@*METHODS@#Between January 2015 and December 2020, 15 patients with periocular malignant tumors were treated. There were 5 males and 10 females with an average age of 62 years (range, 40-75 years). There were 12 cases of basal cell carcinoma and 3 cases of squamous carcinoma. The disease duration ranged from 5 months to 10 years (median, 2 years). The size of tumors ranged from 1.0 cm×0.8 cm to 2.5 cm×1.5 cm, without tarsal plate invasion. After extensive resection of the tumors, the left defects in size of 2.0 cm×1.5 cm to 3.5 cm×2.0 cm were repaired with the temporal island flap pedicled with the perforating branch of zygomatic orbital artery via subcutaneous tunnel. The size of the flaps ranged from 3.0 cm×1.5 cm to 5.0 cm×2.0 cm. The donor sites were separated subcutaneously and sutured directly.@*RESULTS@#All flaps survived after operation and the wounds healed by first intention. The incisions at donor sites healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 6-24 months (median, 11 months). The flaps were not obviously bloated, the texture and color were basically the same as the surrounding normal skin, and the scars at recipient sites were not obviously. There was no complication such as ptosis, ectropion, or incomplete closure of the eyelids and recurrence of tumor during follow-up.@*CONCLUSION@#The temporal island flap pedicled with the perforating branch of zygomatic orbital artery can repair the defects after periorbital malignant tumors resection and has the advantages of reliable blood supply, flexible design, and good morphology and function.

Trends in incidence of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District from 2015 to 2020 / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the trends in incidence of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City from 2015 to 2020, so as to provide the evidence for improving the control strategy for malignant tumors. @*Methods@#Data on incidence of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District from 2015 to 2020 were collected through Hangzhou Municipal Chronic Disease Monitoring Management System. The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, world population-standardized incidence, cumulative incidence for 0 to 74 years, and truncated age-standardized incidence for 35 to 64 years of malignant tumors were calculated, and the trends in incidence of malignant tumors were analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC). @*Results@#The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, world population-standardized incidence, cumulative incidence for 0 to 74 years, and truncated age-standardized incidence for 35 to 64 years of malignant tumors were 476.95/105, 333.30/105, 257.01/105, 28.30% and 425.79/105 in Xiaoshan District from 2015 to 2020, which all appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=4.36%, 3.82%, 3.99%, 3.79% and 5.20%, all P<0.05). The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, world population-standardized incidence, cumulative incidence for 0 to 74 years, and truncated age-standardized incidence for 35 to 64 years of malignant tumors were 491.47/105, 313.31/105, 251.51/105, 28.78% and 338.82/105 among men, and both the crude incidence and truncated age-standardized incidence for 35 to 64 years appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=3.00% and 1.73%, both P<0.05), while the crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, world population-standardized incidence, cumulative incidence for 0 to 74 years, and truncated age-standardized incidence for 35 to 64 years of malignant tumors were 462.98/105, 348.46/105, 262.13/105, 27.74% and 504.91/105 among women, which all appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=5.77%, 5.72%, 5.79%, 5.65% and 7.48%, all P<0.05). The incidence of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a rise with age, and the crude incidence of malignant tumors showed a tendency towards a rise among people at ages of 15 to 44 years and 45 to 64 years (AAPC=9.85% and 4.88%, both P<0.05). Lung cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer were the five most common cancers, accounting for 59.63% of all malignant tumors, and the incidence of lung cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer all showed a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=5.90%, 13.01%, 4.60% and 4.47%, all P<0.05). @*Conclusions @#The incidence of malignant tumors showed a tendency towards a rise in Xiaoshan District from 2015 to 2020. The rise in the incidence of malignant tumor was higher in females than in males, and malignant tumors tended to develop at a young age. Lung cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer are major malignancies that threaten human health in Xiaoshan District.