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ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO La escabiosis tiene una prevalencia estimada en 200 millones de personas alrededor del mundo. Su tratamiento consiste en alternativas de uso tópico y administración oral. Sin embargo, la prevención de contagios se dificulta cuando la escabiosis es endémica, ya que las condiciones de higiene y de hacinamiento favorecen la reinfección incluso cuando los contactos familiares han sido tratados previamente. Considerando lo anterior, ha cobrado relevancia como estrategia de control de la escabiosis, la administración masiva de medicamentos, que consiste en la administración del agente farmacológico a comunidades completas, independiente de si las personas presentan o no la enfermedad. En este contexto, el Departamento de Enfermedades Transmisibles ha solicitado el desarrollo de una síntesis de evidencia, con el objetivo de informar sobre el efecto que puede tener tratar a la comunidad versus solo a los contactos familiares. METODOLOGÍA Se formuló una estrategia de búsqueda para ser utilizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE y EMBASE a través de OVID y en Epistemonikos, Pubmed, BEIC, JBI y BVS con fecha 23 enero 2023. Se utiliza la metodología de la certeza de evidencia GRADE. Se incluyen documentos que aborden a la población general, el efecto de tratar farmacológicamente a contactos versus contactos comunitarios en Sarna/Escabiosis, outcomes de infección o reinfección. Se excluyen estudios que comparen la efectividad de medicamentos. RESULTADOS La cantidad de revisiones sistemáticas recuperadas fueron 2, de las que se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados - No se encontró evidencia que respondiera directamente a la pregunta por lo que se incluyeron estudios que evaluaban la efectividad de la Administración Masiva de Medicamentos. - No es posible establecer el efecto de tratar a los contactos comunitarios y familia sobre la prevalencia de escabiosis en comparación al tratamiento solo al grupo familiar, debido a que la certeza de la evidencia existente es muy baja. - La escasa evidencia identificada proviene de contextos endémicos de escabiosis, de comunidades pequeñas y aisladas por lo que la aplicabilidad de la evidencia a un contexto más amplio habría que evaluarla con precaución.
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Escabiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Chile , Enfermedades Transmisibles , Ambiente , ReinfecciónRESUMEN
Background: Mass Drug Administration of a single dose of DEC was launched on June 5, 2004 by the Government of India. MDA coverage increased gradually from 72.42% in 2004 to 88.96% in 2014. However, compliance has remained relatively low in most of the endemic areas as in 9 endemic Districts in State of Chhattisgarh. In Chhattisgarh State, Lymphatic Filariasis affected 14,818 people in the year 2011 and 13921 in the year 2013 with demonstrated manifestation. Objectives: To assess the coverage and compliance along with factors affecting compliance regarding MDA implementation in Surguja and Surajpur District of Chhattisgarh. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from July-September 2021 in two district of Chhattisgarh. The division of segments and selection of the households was done based on the WHO criteria of coverage evaluation survey field guide in which from 30 villages, 450 households were covered. Result: The overall coverage rate was 95.55% in Surguja and 89.16% in Surajpur District. The overall compliance was 89.3% with Coverage-Compliance gap of 4.12. The Effective Coverage Rate was 89.3% in 2243 eligible population of Surguja and Surajpur District. Coverage and Compliance was found more in females as compared to males but was found to be statistically not significant. Coverage and Compliance was found more in Surguja district as compared to Surajpur district. Conclusion: Training programme for drug distributors should emphasize more on how to address the fear of side effects among beneficiaries and other reasons of low compliance for the benefit of the MDA programme.
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Introduction: Lymphatic filariasis results in severe disability that leading to severe social and economic burden at each level from individual to family, and community. This study was carried out to assess the coverage and compliance of MDA. Methods: From 300 households (1837 individuals) in both rural & urban area were covered in coverage evaluation survey by systematic selection of subunits using probability proportionate to size (PPS). Each household was visited by WHO designated team and data were collected using predesigned questionnaire. Data was compiled on MS-excel spreadsheet, frequency and percentage were calculated. Results: The overall effective coverage for all drugs was low (19.1%). The coverage was low, compliance was higher in urban as compared to rural area. Females had better coverage and compliance than males. The primary reasons for drug not offered was nobody came to offer drug, drug not swallowed was not sick, drug swallowed was useful information from drug administrator (DA). Only one female reported adverse effect. Conclusion: Increase in coverage along with decrease in coverage-compliance gap is needed to achieve filariasis elimination that warrants intense IEC activities using different platforms, development of better drug delivery strategies and strengthening monitoring system.
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Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a debilitating and disfiguring disease causing significant socioeconomic burden. India is endemic for filariasis which includes Kalaburagi and Yadgir districts in Karnataka. India has the target for filariasis elimination by 2020 and mass drug administration [MDA] is a strategy for elimination. The objective of the study was to evaluate the coverage and compliance of mass drug administration against lymphatic filariasis. Methods: The study was a cross sectional study conducted during the month of October 2018 in Kalaburagi and Yadgir districts. The study subjects included all the residents of cluster except subjects aged below 2 years and pregnant women. Multi stage sampling was used and three clusters from rural area and one cluster from urban area from each district. Data collection was done by household survey after informed consent using a standard questionnaire. Results: A total population of 1,963 subjects residing in 399 houses of two districts was included. Majority of the study subjects 1517 (77.27%) were in the age group of more than 15 years with predominantly males 984(50.12%). The coverage rate and compliance rate of MDA was 83.17% and 92.46% in Kalaburagi district and 86.71% and 86.98% in Yadgir district respectively. The effective coverage rate and coverage compliance gap was 76.89% and 7.53% in Kalaburagi district, 75.42% and 13.01% in Yadgir district. Incomplete dose of MDA was consumed by 17 subjects in Kalaburagi district and 21 subjects in Yadgir district. Conclusions: The effective MDA coverage in both the study districts is below 85% which is not satisfactory.
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Background: Lymphatic filariasis is the second leading cause of disability worldwide accounting for more than 5 million disability adjusted life years annually. It has been a major public health problem in India which leads to irreversible chronic manifestations which are responsible for considerable economic loss and severe physical disability to the affected individuals. Mass drug administration (MDA) means administration of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole tablets to all people (excluding children <2 years, pregnant women, seriously ill persons) in endemic areas once in a year. The objective of the study was to assess coverage, compliance of MDA and awareness about lymphatic filariasis in Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted and total 120 households were surveyed in four randomly selected clusters of Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh.Results: Out of total 743 persons 678 (91.25%) persons were eligible for MDA. Coverage rate was 86.57% and compliance rate was 74.27%. The main reason for non-compliance was not having the concerned disease (55.78%) followed by fear of side effect (22.31%). Only 40.83% among the surveyed families were aware about MDA and only 45.83% respondents had heard about lymphatic filariasis.Conclusions: There is coverage and compliance gap and awareness about the lymphatic filariasis and MDA program is limited. Drug compliance need to be improved and awareness need to be raised. MDA program should not be confined to tablet distribution only and due importance should be given to compliance rate.
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Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a vector borne parasitic disease caused by lymphatic dwelling nematode parasite. It is one of the world's leading causes of permanent and long-term disability with an estimated 5.1 million disability adjusted life years (DALYs) are lost due to this disease. The National Health Policy 2002 aims at Elimination of Lymphatic filariasis by 2015 through Annual Mass Drug Administration (MDA) of single dose of DEC. Objective was to assess coverage and compliance of MDA Program and awareness about lymphatic filariasis in Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh.Methods: Cross-sectional Study was conducted. Total 120 households were surveyed in four selected clusters of Chhatarpur district of MP.Results: Out of total 835 persons only 94.37% persons were eligible and 47 (5.62%) were not eligible for MDA for MDA. Coverage rate was 90.22% and compliance rate was 75.24%. The main reason for non-compliance was not having the concerned disease 34.38 % followed by fear of side effect (24.90%). Only 37.5% among the surveyed families were aware about MDA. Majority of respondent 21 (46.66%) acquired knowledge from health workers.Conclusions: The compliance of MDA program was low and the awareness about the lymphatic filariasis in the study population was limited in Chhatarpur district. Poor compliance of MDA is attributed to inadequate consumption of drugs due to poor awareness among eligible population. For elimination of lymphatic filariasis active involvement of community is very essential. It can be made possible through behavior change communication and health education of people.
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Background: India has adopted MDA strategy for elimination of lymphatic filariasis since 2004. It requires constant efforts on a nationwide scale particularly in the endemic areas for interruption of transmission of this neglected tropical disease. Aims & Objectives: This study aims to assess the coverage and compliance along with factors affecting compliance regarding MDA implementation in Nayagarh district of Odisha. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in November 2016 for evaluation of filariasis elimination activities carried out in the district. A pre-designed, pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule as per National Vector Borne Disease control Programme (NVBDCP) guidelines was used. A qualitative component was added to determine the perceptions and attitudes of the study population regarding MDA implementation. Data was analysed using simple proportion and percentages. Results: A total 120 households (90 rural and 30 urban) were surveyed, covering a population of 590. Overall coverage rate of study population was found to be 91.47%. The effective coverage rate was 71.1% (77.8% in rural areas and 48.8% in urban areas). The overall coverage compliance gap was 22.2, being higher in urban than rural areas. Conclusion: There is a felt need for health education activities to increase acceptance among the population coupled with supervised on the spot consumption of DEC for decreasing the coverage compliance gap. The issues regarding compliance need to be addressed for realizing the global target of eliminating lymphatic filariasis by 2020.
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Backgroundand Aims: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is the most debilitating and disfiguring among all diseases. The National HealthPolicy (2002) had set the goal of elimination of LF in India by 2015. The concept of mass drug administration (MDA) is to approachevery individual in the target community and administer an annual single dose of antifilarial drugs (diethylcarbamazine andalbendazole).Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to find the coverage and compliance of MDA at Dakshina Kannada district and (2) toassess the knowledge of responsible adult respondent regarding elephantiasis/filariasis and MDA program.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate the coverage and compliance of MDA in Dakshina KannadaDistrict which was held on January 23, 2012. The evaluation was conducted for 1 week by a team of investigators. A total of 232 houseswere visited randomly in four clusters (1 in urban + 3 in rural area) covering of 982 beneficiaries between the age group of 2 and 60 yearsof age in pre-designed and semi-structured pro forma.Results: The coverage of MDA was 84%, and compliance among those who received the tablets was 80.24%. There was marginallybetter coverage in urban areas (89.27%) compared to rural area (82.41%), and compliance was better in rural areas (87.94%) comparedto urban area (63.18%). The coverage compliance gap which shows why people do not consume the tablet was 3.74%, and the effectivecoverage rate was 67.41%. The coverage was maximum, i.e., 91.3% in Kalladka (cluster 3) and minimum, i.e., 76.21% in Koila (cluster 2),whereas compliance was maximum, i.e., 90.73% in Koila (cluster 2) and minimum, i.e., 63.18% in Attavara (cluster 1).Conclusion: The coverage and compliance rate in Dakshina Kannada district were 84.01% and 80.24%, respectively, with effectivecoverage rate of 67.41%. Awareness regarding MDA program was poor
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Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections continue to be a major global cause of morbidity, with a large proportion of the burden of STH infections occurring in India. In addition to direct health impacts of these infections, including anaemia and nutritional deficiencies in children, these infections also significantly impact economic development, as a result of delays in early childhood cognitive development and future income earning potential. The current World Health Organization strategy for STH is focused on morbidity control through the application of mass drug administration to all pre-school-aged and school-aged children. In India, the control of STH-related morbidity requires mobilization of significant human and financial resources, placing additional burdens on limited public resources. Infected adults and untreated children in the community act as a reservoir of infection by which treated children get rapidly reinfected. As a result, deworming programmes will need to be sustained indefinitely in the absence of other strategies to reduce reinfection, including water, hygiene and sanitation interventions (WASH). However, WASH interventions require sustained effort by the government or other agencies to build infrastructure and to promote healthy behavioural modifications, and their effectiveness is often limited by deeply entrenched cultural norms and behaviours. Novel strategies must be explored to provide a lasting solution to the problem of STH infections in India other than the indefinite provision of deworming for morbidity control.
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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics, antigenic profile, perceptions, attitudes and practices of individuals who have been systematically non-compliant in mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns targeting lymphatic filariasis, in the municipality of Olinda, State of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. A pretested questionnaire was used to obtain information on socioenvironmental demographics, perceptions of lymphatic filariasis and MDA, and reasons for systematic noncompliance with treatment. A rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) was performed during the survey to screen for filariasis. It was found that the survey subjects knew about filariasis and MDA. Filariasis was identified as a disease (86.2%) and 74.4% associated it with the presence of swelling in the legs. About 80% knew about MDA, and the main source of information was healthcare workers (68.3%). For men the main reasons for systematic noncompliance with MDA were that “the individual had not received the medication” (p=0.03) and for women “the individual either feared experiencing adverse reactions”. According to the ICT, the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis was 2%. The most important causes of systematic noncompliance were not receiving the drug and fear of side-effects. For successful implementation of MDA programs, good planning, educational campaigns promoting the benefits of MDA, adoption of measures to minimize the impact of adverse effects and improvement of drug distribution logistics are needed.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto Joven , Filariasis Linfática/prevención & control , Filaricidas/administración & dosificación , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Cumplimiento de la Medicación/estadística & datos numéricos , Esquema de Medicación , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito-borne parasitic infection that occurs in many countries in the Globe including India. Single dose once yearly mass administration of Diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) 6 mg/Kg and Albendazole 400 mg to all inhabitants of filariasis endemic areas excluding children <2 years, pregnant women and seriously ill patients is the recommended strategy for elimination of LF. The mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns are carried out by the Health Departments through door to door distribution of DEC and Albendazole tablets by drug distributing teams. The objective of this study was to evaluate the coverage, compliance, effective coverage and coverage compliance gap of MDA campaigns in Gulbarga and Yadgiri districts during the 10th and 11th MDA campaigns respectively. Methods: Cross sectional population based house to house visit. Outcomes were assessed as actual coverage, compliance and effective coverage in percentages and proportions. Results: 320 households from 8 clusters in 2 districts were covered. Among the 1653 eligible population the coverage rate is 93.42% in Gulbarga and 74.12% in Yadgiri district with inter cluster variation. The compliance rate is 86.35% in Gulbarga and 75.78% in Yadgiri district. The effective coverage rate is 80.67% in Gulbarga district and 56.17% in Yadgiri district. The coverage compliance gap is 13.65% in Gulbarga district and 24.22% in Yadgiri district. Conclusions: The effective coverage in both Gulbarga and Yadgiri districts is below the target (<85%) which is essential for progression towards elimination of LF. Side effects after drug consumption were minimal.
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Background: The most practical and feasible method of controlling lymphatic filariasis is the rapid reduction of microfilarial load in the community by annual mass drug administration (MDA) of a single dose of diethyl Carbamazine Citrate. The objective of the study aimed at the trends in coverage and compliance of Mass Drug Administration with Diethyl Carbamazine Citrate (DEC) for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Goa. Methods: Cross-sectional population surveys were conducted after every yearly round of MDA with DEC for the years 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2010 as part of independent assessment of MDA. Four clusters were selected from each district, each cluster having 30 households. A pretested questionnaire was used to interview the study participants and the responses were recorded in pre-designed formats. The data was analysed using SPSS package. Coverage rate, compliance rate, coverage-compliance gap and effective coverage rate were calculated. Results: The total coverage ranged from a high of 95.55% in the year 2007 and a low of 84.94% in 2006. The total compliance rate fluctuated between a low of 64.68% in 2010 and a high of 93.47% in 2006. Total coverage–compliance gap ranged from a high of 35.31% in the year 2010 and a low of 6.52%. Overall coverage and compliance rates were consistently higher in rural areas compared to urban areas for all the years under study. Conclusion: Coverage, compliance, coverage-compliance gap and effective coverage rate were found to be consistently lower in urban areas compared to rural areas. For the state to reach elimination targets, the MDA strategy implementation would require thorough review and revamping. Action on this front would ensure that gains made in filarial elimination are sustained eventually leading to elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the state of Goa.
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Abstracts: Backround:Mass d-rug administration (MDA), for control of filariasis was launched by government of India in 1996. Under this programme, all the beneficiaries in the age group of 2 to 60 years (excluding pregnant mothers, people above 60 and having other illness), will be administered. Filariasis being endemic in the District Methodology: The MDA was carried out in the district in the month of May 2014. This study was conducted To assess the coverage and compliance of MDA in Bagalkot district in the year 2014. After visiting the selected cluster ( 3 rural and 1 urban) the information was collected from the 30 houses in each cluster randomly.Results : Out of 720 population surveyed 353 (49.02%) were males and 367 (50.98%) were female ,3.1% of geriatric population were given the drugs . 406 (56.4%) had taken full course, 58 (8.1%) had partially taken the drugs while 256 (35.5%) had either not received the drugs or had not taken the tablet. Though the coverage was high, the compliance was only 56.4 %, which is much below the target of 85%. Main reason for noncompliance was lack of adequate information .Conclusion :Effective drug delivery strategies such as proper area demarcation, repeat house visits have to be done to improve coverage. Training of drug distributors to improve interpersonal communication & effective IEC activities are to be emphasized to improve compliance & achieve elimination of filariasis.
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Background & objectives: One third of the world’s population is infected with one or more of the most common soil-transmitted helminths (STH). Albendazole (ALB) is being administered with diethyl carbamazine (DEC) in filariasis endemic areas to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) and helminth infections. In this study, the cumulative impact of seven annual rounds of mass drug administrations (MDA) of DEC and ALB on STH infection in school children in selected villages in southern India was determined. Methods: During 2001-2010, seven MDAs were implemented by the Tamil Nadu state health department, India. LF and STH infections were monitored in school children from 18 villages of the two treatment arms (viz, DEC alone and DEC+ALB). Kato-Katz cellophane quantitative thick smear technique was employed to estimate STH infections at three weeks, six months and one year post MDA. Results: Prior to treatment, an overall STH prevalence was 60 per cent. After each MDA, infection markedly reduced at three weeks post-treatment in both the arms. The prevalence increased at six months period, which was maintained up to one year. After seven rounds of MDA, the infection reduced from 60.44 to 12.48 per cent in DEC+ALB arm; while the reduction was negligible in DEC alone arm (58.77 to 52.70%). Interpretation & conclusions: Seven rounds of MDA with DEC+ALB reduced the infection load significantly, and further sustained low level of infection for 10 years. However, complete parasite elimination could not be achieved. To curtail STH infection in the community, MDA should be regularized and environmental sanitation measures need to be improved by effective community-based campaigns.
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Albendazol/administración & dosificación , Albendazol/uso terapéutico , Niño , Dietilcarbamazina/administración & dosificación , Dietilcarbamazina/uso terapéutico , Esquema de Medicación , Quimioterapia Combinada , Helmintiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Helmintiasis/epidemiología , Helmintiasis/transmisión , Humanos , India , Parasitosis Intestinales/tratamiento farmacológico , Parasitosis Intestinales/epidemiología , Parasitosis Intestinales/transmisión , Prevalencia , Población Rural , Suelo/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Integrated control strategies are important for sustainable control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, despite their challenges for their effective implementation. With the support of Good Neighbors International in collaboration with National Institute of Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania, integrated control applying mass drug administration (MDA), health education using PHAST, and improved safe water supply has been implemented on Kome Island over 5 years for controlling schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). Baseline surveys for schistosomiasis and STHs was conducted before implementation of any integrated control strategies, followed by 4 cross-sectional follow-up surveys on randomly selected samples of schoolchildren and adults in 10 primary schools and 8 villages, respectively, on Kome islands. Those follow-up surveys were conducted for impact evaluation after introduction of control strategies interventions in the study area. Five rounds of MDA have been implemented from 2009 along with PHAST and improved water supply with pumped wells as other control strategies for complementing MDA. A remarkable steady decline of schistosomiasis and STHs was observed from 2009 to 2012 with significant trends in their prevalence decline, and thereafter infection rate has remained at a low sustainable control. By the third follow-up survey in 2012, Schistosoma mansoni infection prevalence was reduced by 90.5% and hookworm by 93.3% among schoolchildren while in adults the corresponding reduction was 83.2% and 56.9%, respectively. Integrated control strategies have successfully reduced S. mansoni and STH infection status to a lower level. This study further suggests that monitoring and evaluation is a crucial component of any large-scale STH and schistosomiasis intervention.
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Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Antihelmínticos/administración & dosificación , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles/organización & administración , Estudios Transversales , Estudios de Seguimiento , Helmintiasis/diagnóstico , Parasitosis Intestinales/diagnóstico , Islas , Lagos , Prevalencia , Esquistosomiasis/diagnóstico , Tanzanía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Background: Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) is the world's second leading cause of long-term disability. The current estimate reveals that 120 million people in 83 countries of the world are infected with LF parasites and more than 20% of the world's population are at risk of acquiring infection. The present study was con-ducted to assess the program effectiveness of the 2-drug strategy in terms of actual coverage, compliance rates of MDA against filariasis in the district along with the reasons for non-compliance. Objectives: To eval-uate independently the MDA Programme against Filariasis with respect to its coverage and compliance among the community. To know the reasons for non-compliance. Materials and Methods: A Community based Cross-Sectional Study was conducted in Bijapur District. A total of four clusters, one urban and three rural clusters were selected randomly. All the sampled eligible population who belong to the MDA campaign area were included. The eligible population did not include pregnant and lactating women, children below two years of age and seriously ill persons. The data were collected in pretested Performa, tabulated using Microsoft Excel 2013 and analysed using OPENEpi software. Results: The demographic profile of the study sample is as follows, 67.6% of the population were in the age group of 14-60 years. Male to female ratio was equal. 66.48% of the study population were from rural area and 33.52% were from urban area. 81.63% of the population received the drugs. 79.21% of the population consumed the DEC and Albendazole tablets. 14.60% of the sample population did not consume. Major reasons for not taking tablets were fear of side effects (56.67%) and 22.50% forgotten to take the tablets. Conclusions: The effective coverage was below the target (85%). The overall coverage was better in rural areas compared with urban areas.
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Adolescente , Adulto , Albendazol/uso terapéutico , Dietilcarbamazina/uso terapéutico , Esquema de Medicación/métodos , Combinación de Medicamentos/administración & dosificación , Filariasis Linfática/tratamiento farmacológico , Filariasis Linfática/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cooperación del Paciente , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Malaria is the one of major diseases which threatens people’s life in Africa. Out of humanitarianism, Chinese scientists has contributed to research of Artemisinin and ACTS more than 30 years, China provides long-term antimalaria assistance to Africa and gain great achievements. In Moheli, the island of Comoros, the antimalaria group used a new strategy which universal medication and proactive intervention. They established not only an effective antimalaria system and reporting system but also a local antimalaria team. Furthermore, they enhanced publicity and put mass protection and treatment into effect. Finally, they achieved significant result. In order to apply those successful experience to other countries in Africa, this paper summed up those experience and inspirations.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) has, for some time, encouraged countries endemic for schistosomiasis to control morbidity from this disease through mass drug administration (MDA) of the well-tolerated drug, praziquantel (PZQ). With the London Declaration in January 2012 and the promise by Merck Serono to eventually donate 250 million PZQ tablets per year, most endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa have now developed national plans to do MDA for schistosomiasis morbidity control. More recently, based on two World Health Assembly (WHA) resolutions (WHA 54.19 & WHA 65.21) on schistosomiasis, countries are further encouraged to eliminate schistosomiasis, where feasible. The fight against schistosomiasis is therefore in a critical period of tremendous opportunities and equal challenges. How do we do the most effective job of MDA? What tools do we need to do this job better? How will we know when to move from morbidity control to elimination? What combinations of interventions, beyond MDA, are needed to eliminate transmission? The Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation (SCORE) has its Secretariat at the University of Georgia and with programs in more than 26 institutions in 19 countries it is trying to answer these very practical questions through multiple large field-based studies and the evaluation or development of better diagnostics for schistosomiasis. This presentation will summarize the current status of morbidity control and elimination programs and the operational research by SCORE that we hope will provide much-needed answers for national program managers so they can most effectively pursue these critical public health programs.
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Malaria is the one of major diseases which threatens people’s life in Africa. Out of humanitarianism, Chinese scientists has contributed to research of Artemisinin and ACTS more than 30 years, China provides long-term antimalaria assistance to Africa and gain great achievements. In Moheli, the island of Comoros, the antimalaria group used a new strategy which universal medication and proactive intervention. They established not only an effective antimalaria system and reporting system but also a local antimalaria team. Furthermore, they enhanced publicity and put mass protection and treatment into effect. Finally, they achieved significant result. In order to apply those successful experience to other countries in Africa, this paper summed up those experience and inspirations.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) has, for some time, encouraged countries endemic for schistosomiasis to control morbidity from this disease through mass drug administration (MDA) of the well-tolerated drug, praziquantel (PZQ).With the London Declaration in January 2012 and the promise by Merck Serono to eventually donate 250 million PZQ tablets per year, most endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa have now developed national plans to do MDA for schistosomiasis morbidity control. More recently, based on two World Health Assembly (WHA) resolutions (WHA 54.19 & WHA 65.21) on schistosomiasis, countries are further encouraged to eliminate schistosomiasis, where feasible. The fight against schistosomiasis is therefore in a critical period of tremendous opportunities and equal challenges. How do we do the most effective job of MDA? What tools do we need to do this job better?How will we know when to move from morbidity control to elimination? What combinations of interventions, beyond MDA, are needed to eliminate transmission? The Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation (SCORE) has its Secretariat at the University of Georgia and with programs in more than 24 institutions in 17 countries it is trying to answer these very practical questions through multiple large field-based studies and the evaluation or development of better diagnostics for schistosomiasis. This presentation will summarize the current status of morbidity control and elimination programs and the operational research by SCORE that we hope will provide much-needed answers for national program managers so they can most effectively pursue these critical public health programs.