RESUMEN
The development of human society is mainly marked by materials. “Academic Leadership Series, National Science Think Tank, Development Strategies of Chinese Disciplines in the Next 10 Years: Material Science” points out that: Material science has become the essential link for the development and deepening of modern science and technology, and plays a basic and leading role in the development of science and technology; The emergence of a new type of material can also drive the birth of an industry. The excessive consumption of resources and energy by process industry and the pollution of environment have become bottlenecks restricting the sustainable development of human society. Chemical engineering has always been important to achieve efficient transformation of materials and effective utilization of energy. In the 21st century, the objectives of chemical engineering have been transformed into: Relying on superior performance, friendly environment, and fully function, new structural and functional materials with good and complete functions to develop new process industrial technology and form new process flow and integration technology in order to achieve the goal of high efficiency, low consumption, and pollution-free. Membrane technology, with advanced separation materials as carriers, can achieve separation of substances and molecules at mild and low cost conditions. It is especially suitable for the needs of modern industry for energy saving, recycling of low-grade raw materials, and eliminating environmental pollution. It has become key technologies to solve the major problems in the fields of energy, water resources and environment. The application of membrane materials and equipment to the Chinese materia medica (CMM) industry can significantly improve the production efficiency. In this paper, through the analysis of the application of membrane materials and technology in foreign and domestic pharmaceutical industries, facing the industrial upgrading and green development of the application process of CMM industry, it is proposed to introduce the theory and method of material chemical engineering into the field of CMM, to carry out original research with independent intellectual property rights, and to construct a new membrane-based approach. The new separation procedure, separation process and exclusive equipment with separation technology as the core realize energy saving and emission reduction in the production process of CMM. Through expatiating on the basic research and engineering application of industrialization of separation process of CMM and its complex systems such as water extraction system and oil-water mixture system in the past 20 years, the project team provides theoretical basis and application demonstration for the design, integration, and application of new separation process of CMM based on special membrane technology.
RESUMEN
In order to analyze the law of membrane permeation of different alkaloids, seven traditional Chinese medicine alkaloids with different parent nucleus and substituent structures, including berberine, palmatine, sinomenine, matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine, and tetrandrine, were prepared into the simulated solution with same molar concentration, and the membrane penetrating experiments with membrane RC1K and membrane RC5K were carried out. The dynamic transmittance, the total transmittance and the total adsorption rate of each substance were measured, and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the membrane surface before and after the membrane experiment were considered to predict and analyze the reason of differences in dynamic transmittance of different alkaloids. The results showed that there were significant differences in the dynamic transmittance of the chemical constituents of different alkaloids during penetrating the two membranes. The contamination degree on the surface of the membrane material was also different. The transmittance of the same compound through the RC5K membrane was larger than that through RC1K membrane. Within a certain range, the smaller the pore size of the membrane, the better the selective screening effect on the chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine. All the membrane surfaces were less polluted. The difference in transmittance between different substances on the same membrane showed a positive correlation with the difference in structural complexity, providing an experimental basis for the surface modification design in contamination control of membrane materials. In the design of membrane modified material, the surface properties of the membrane can be improved by grafting different polar groups, thereby changing the adsorption characteristics of the membrane surface. The pore size was designed accordingly to achieve the high transmittance and low pollution of the corresponding compounds.