RESUMEN
@#Maxillary sinus membrane lesions have been broadly detected before implant surgery in the posterior maxilla region, resulting in uncertainty regarding maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery. In this context, we composed this commentary article based on the current literature and the clinical experience of our department. We discuss the common lesion types shown by CBCT including membrane pathological thickening, polyps/cystic lesions and air-liquid level in the sinus. Maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery can be conducted in patients with membrane thickening of 2-5 mm or with polyps/cysts of less than half of the sinus height (because the above symptoms have little influence on the outcome of surgery). Membrane thickening of more than 5 mm with ostium obstruction, antrochoanalpolyps, mucoceles and cysts of more than half of the sinus height should be carefully treated. Different treatments can be performed such as conducting elevation surgery while retaining the cyst, removing the cyst before surgery or removing the cyst during surgery based on the cyst type and size, inflammation, patency of the ostium, etc. Antibiotics-anti-inflammatory-aspiration, surgical debridement and oral lesions eliminations are generally used for treating post-operative sinusitis. Presurgical radiographic evaluation is the key to diagnosing and treating these membrane lesions. We highly advocate collaboration between our dentists and otolaryngologists on this issue.
RESUMEN
Background: In recent years, kidney complication of diabetes became the basic cause of the end stage of renal disease in many countries around the world and then primary kidney disease goes on the 2-3 places. Due to the fact that diabetes mellitus turns more and more into non-communicable worldwide epidemic, we faced the increase in kidney complication which is one of form of micro vascular complications. So, illness of every 1-2 in three patients to undergo a renal replacement therapy has been diagnosed as diabetic nephropathy and of course nephrologists could not leave this fact without their attention. Goal: To study a change in the kidney structure with type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Within the scope of the research 35 autopsied passed way because of the type 2 diabetes in clinical hospitals. According to Tervaert classification of diabetic kidney pathology issued by American Society of Nephrology in 2006, changes in glomerular structure were divided into 4 classes. Ordinary staining methods as hemotoxilin eosin, Van Gizonestaning connective tissue, Periodic Acid- Schiff standing have been used.Results: 35 autopsied in total, including 23 male (65.7%) and 12 female (34.3%) were covered by this research. And glomerular basement membrane thickening discovered in 51.4%, mesangial matrix expansion in 34.2%, Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodule in 20% and advanced glomerulosclerosis in 8.5% of total cases, respectively.Conclusions:1. It is found that diabetic kidney can be classified by Tervaert classification using ordinary standing and PAS reaction on the light microscope.2. However, we faced an essential necessity to be armed with immunofluorescence and electron microscope for the purpose to improve diagnostic examination and establish classes more accurately.3. Today when the medical science develops as evidence-based medicine, a starting the kidney biopsy samples assaying become the vital issue in comparative studying the clinical stage of diabetic kidney pathology.
RESUMEN
Posterior polymorphous dystrophy is a bilateral, dominantly inherited (rarely recessively inherited) disorder of corneal endothelium, characterized by a spectrum of changes in posterior cornea and less commonly in the iris and angle structures. We have experienced a 39-year-old male patient complaining of visual disturbance in the right eye. On examination, we found characteristics of postenor polymorphous dystrophy which were Descemet's membrane thickening. peripheral anterior synechiae, iridocorneal adhesion. abnormal corneal endothelial cells in both eyes, and corneal epithelial and stromal edema in the right eye and after penetrating keratoplasty, the result was good. Therefore, we report a case of posterior polymorphous dystrophy with review of literatures.