Necesidades en salud sexual y reproductiva en mujeres migrantes venezolanas

Objetivo . Conocer las necesidades en salud sexual y reproductiva de la población venezolana migrante residente en Lima y Trujillo. Métodos . La muestra estuvo constituida por 1,616 mujeres, de ellas 1,114 mujeres del cono sur de Lima y 502 mujeres de la provincia de Trujillo, a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta para evaluar las siguientes dimensiones: características poblacionales, requerimientos de servicios de salud, salud materna, planificación familiar, prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino y mama e infecciones de transmisión sexual. Resultados . La mayoría de las mujeres venezolanas tenía entre 20 y 34 años. Contaban con cédula de identidad en un 66,8%; sin embargo, en 60% el documento no se encontraba vigente y más del 80% no tenía regularizada su condición migratoria. El estado conviviente correspondía a 46% y soltera a 40,8%. El 56,7% de las encuestadas indicó tener estudios secundarios; el 82,2% tenía un ingreso mensual familiar menor de 900 soles; el 75,1% en Lima y el 94% en Trujillo refirió no contar con algún tipo de seguro. Solo el 48% usaba algún método anticonceptivo, preferentemente los métodos anticonceptivos reversibles de larga duración. Entre 78% y 85,1% no hacía uso de servicios de prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino y más del 90% no lo hacía para prevención de cáncer de mama. Las infecciones de transmisión sexual estuvieron presentes en 2 y 5% de la población encuestada, respectivamente. Conclusión . El perfil de salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR) de la población migrante venezolana de las zonas de estudio tuvieron sus características propias no comparables con la vulnerabilidad de la población peruana, y revela que en ellas existen necesidades en SSR que requieren ser atendidas.

Objective : To determine the sexual and reproductive health needs of the Venezuelan migrant population residing in Lima and Trujillo. Methods : The sample consisted of 1,616 women, including 1,114 women from the southern cone of Lima and 502 women from the province of Trujillo. A survey was applied to evaluate the following dimensions: population characteristics, health service requirements, maternal health, family planning, cervical and breast cancer prevention, and sexually transmitted infections. Results : Most of the Venezuelan women were between 20-34 years old. They had an identity card in 66.8%; however, 60% of them did not have a valid document and more than 80% did not have their migratory status regularized. 46% were cohabiters and 40.8% were single. 56.7% reported having secondary education. 82.2% had a monthly family income of less than 900 soles; 75.1% in Lima and 94% in Trujillo reported not having any type of insurance. Only 48% used any contraceptive method, preferably long-acting reversible contraceptive methods. Between 78%85.1% did not use cervical cancer prevention services and more than 90% did not use breast cancer prevention services. Sexually transmitted infections were present in 2 and 5% of the surveyed population. Conclusion : The sexual and reproductive health (SRH) profile of the Venezuelan migrant population in the study areas had its own characteristics that was not comparable with the vulnerability of the Peruvian population, and reveals that they have SRH needs that require attention.

La salud como representación social: el fenómeno de la salud dentro de la cotidianidad de las personas migrantes nicaragüenses en Costa Rica / Health as a social representation: The phenomenon of health within the daily life of nicaraguan migrants in Costa Rica

Resumen Introducción: la salud está cargada de simbolismos y manifestaciones prácticas que difieren según los grupos sociales y los contextos socioculturales. Con el fin de visibilizar la cotidianidad y las necesidades, el paradigma teórico de las representaciones sociales aporta las bases teórico-metodológicas pertinentes para comprender los conocimientos de sentido común asociados a la salud entre la población migrante nicaragüense en Costa Rica. Metodología: estudio de abordaje cualitativo y enfoque etnográfico con el fin de identificar la representación social de la salud por medio de los procesos de la objetivación y el anclaje presentes entre las personas migrantes nicaragüenses radicadas en Costa Rica. Datos recolectados por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación participante y diarios de campo. Procesamiento según análisis de contenido. Resultados: la representación social de la salud hallada se comporta de manera análoga a una fórmula, en donde la búsqueda de ambientes pacíficos se suma a la consecución de estabilidad financiera para dar como resultado dos representaciones interdependientes: 1) salud como fuerza físico-mental y 2) salud como sensación futura y abstracta de bienestar, felicidad y trascendencia. Los antecedentes socio-políticos en Nicaragua, el proceso migratorio, y la adaptación a Costa Rica juegan un rol preponderante en dicha conformación. Conclusión: las representaciones sociales sobre la salud poseen implicaciones prácticas directas sobre los modos de vida y las necesidades de los colectivos migrantes. Comprender su conocimiento de sentido común permite avanzar hacia políticas públicas más contextualizadas. Se recomienda mayor integración de los pensamientos, las opiniones y los sentimientos de las personas migrantes en plataformas de toma de decisiones

Abstract Introduction. Health is loaded with symbolisms and practical manifestations that differ according to social groups and sociocultural contexts. In order to make everyday life and needs visible, the Theoretical Paradigm of Social Representations provides the theoretical-methodological bases necessary to understand the common sense knowledge associated with health among the Nicaraguan migrant population in Costa Rica. Methodology: Qualitative study with ethnographic approach that aimed to identify the social representation of health, through the process of objectification, present among Nicaraguan migrants living in Costa Rica. Data collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and field diaries. Processing according to Content Analysis. Results: The social representation of health found behaves analogously to a formula; where, the search for peaceful environments is added to the achievement of financial stability to result in two interdependent representations: 1) Health as physical-mental strength; and 2) Health as a future and abstract sensation of well-being, happiness and transcendence. The socio-political antecedents in Nicaragua, the migratory process, and the adaptation to Costa Rica play a preponderant role in shaping the representation on health. Conclusion: Social representations about health have direct practical implications on the ways of life and needs of migrant groups. Understanding their common sense knowledge allows to move towards more contextualized public policies. More integration of the thoughts, opinions and feelings of migrants in decision-making platforms is recommended.

Health and Economic Security of Migrants in Rural Areas of Trichy, Tamil Nadu – A Cross-sectional Study

Migration of labor is a universal phenomenon. The most common reason for migration are the economic stability for better livelihood. However, the various demographic and social patterns along with the lack of awareness about the health-care facilities in the migrated place and poor economic security make them highly vulnerable to various diseases. Health and economic security of the migrants play crucial role not only in safeguarding the health of migrants but also in overall development of the country by increasing the productivity. With this, the study was conducted to assess the economic and health security of the migrants. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 2 months from November to December 2018 in urban and rural field practice area of a tertiary care hospital in Trichy among 51 migrant population using semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The median monthly wages were found to be Rs. 10,000/month. With respect to the health and economic security, only about 13.7% of the study participants received medical allowances from their employers. 5.9% had job security and 27.5% excise travel allowances for their travel to native place. Conclusion: Although the average monthly income is good, the number of dependents is more and job security is poor. Since majority are not registered with L27district authorities and working in unorganized sector, the social and economic security is very uncertain increasing their risk for poor utilization of services.

Salud Cardiovascular En Población Migrante Ecuatoriana En Madrid (España). ¿Debemos Preocuparnos? / Cardiovascular Health In An Ecuadorian Migrant Population To Madrid (Spain). Should We Worry?

RESUMEN Antecedentes: La comunidad ecuatoriana es la tercera comunidad extranjera más numerosa en España. Sin embargo, es poco lo que se conoce acerca de su estado de salud cardiovascular (CV) y si los efectos de la migración han causado un detrimento en dicho estado. Métodos: Con el objetivo de conocer la salud CV en una población ecuatoriana de migrantes en Madrid, se realizó un estudio transversal no aleatorizado en el que se incluyeron personas de nacionalidad ecuatoriana, mayores de 25 años, residentes en Madrid desde hace un año o más. Se realizaron encuestas, mediante el uso de cuestionarios previamente validados, para determinar el estado de salud CV de la población, así como el grado de distress psicológico. Resultados: Se incluyeron 165 participantes (68,5% mujeres), con edad promedio de 49 años. El 86,1% de la población estudiada presentó salud cardiovascular pobre y 13,9% intermedia, sin diferencias significativas según el sexo. No hubo individuos que cumplan las 7 variables con valores ideales. Las mujeres presentaron puntuaciones más altas en el cuestionario DASS-21 en comparación a los hombres (p<0,05). Conclusión: En la población migrante ecuatoriana residente en Madrid, más del 85% presentó una salud CV pobre, y ninguno presentó una salud CV ideal. Los factores de riesgo más prevalentes en dicha población fueron pobre actividad física, sobrepeso/obesidad y malos hábitos dietéticos. Se requieren más estudios para identificar la situación real de riesgo CV de la población migrante ecuatoriana. Probablemente, a medio-largo plazo, será necesario implementar políticas de salud especialmente dirigidas a los migrantes.

ABSTRACT Background: The Ecuadorian community is the third largest foreign community in Spain. However, little is known about their cardiovascular (CV) health status and whether the effects of migration have caused a detriment in that state. Methods: With the aim of knowing the CV health in an Ecuadorian population of migrants in Madrid, a non-randomized, cross-sectional study was carried out, which included people of Ecuadorian nationality, older than 25 years, living in Madrid for a year or more. Surveys were conducted through the use of previously validated questionnaires, to determine the health status of the population, as well as the degree of neuro-physiological distress. Results: We included 165 participants (68.5% women), with an average age of 49 years. Of these, 86.1% presented poor cardiovascular health and 13.9% intermediate, without significant differences according to sex. There were no individuals that met the 7 variables consistent with and ideal CV status. Women had higher scores on the DASS-21 questionnaire compared to men (p <0.05). Conclusion: In the Ecuadorian migrant population living in Madrid, more than 85% had poor CV health, and none had an ideal CV health. Most prevalent risk factors in this population were poor physical activity, overweight/obesity and poor dietary habits. More studies are required to identify the real situation of CV risk in the Ecuadorian migrant population. Probably, in the medium-long term, it will be necessary to implement health policies especially addressed to migrants.

Alimentación autóctona y saludable en organizaciones comunitarias de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires / Healthy and autochthonous food in community organizations within Autonomous City of Buenos Aires

Introducción: en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (CABA), se desarrollan iniciativas de seguridad alimentaria destinadas a la población vulnerable, dirigidas por organizaciones comunitarias en comedores. Reconocer la diversidad cultural en los espacios comunitarios permite valorar el significado que tienen los alimentos para la población asistida, como las consideraciones relacionadas a las prácticas alimentarias autóctonas. Objetivos: contribuir a mejorar la utilización de recursos y adaptar las costumbres culinarias autóctonas en comedores comunitarios para promover la salud y bienestar nutricional de la población asistida. Materiales y método: estudio prospectivo y descriptivo. Se realizó un análisis sociocultural de las costumbres alimentarias en la población migrante, beneficiarios del Programa Apoyo a Grupos Comunitarios de la CABA. Los datos se recolectaron a través de una encuesta mixta semiestructurada. Resultados: se encuestaron a 59 personas (52 mujeres) edad promedio 35 años. La distribución poblacional fue heterogénea: 62% bolivianos, 21% paraguayos, 11% argentinos hijos de migrantes, 4% peruanos y 2% chilenos. El 89% considera a las comidas típicas beneficiosas para la salud, el 78% consume alimentos autóctonos ocasionalmente en eventos especiales. Refirieron asociar sus comidas típicas a diversas emociones como felicidad y recuerdos. Conclusiones: Los comedores comunitarios permiten a la población acceder a los alimentos, lugar donde confluyen culturas diversas. Es necesario promover espacios para valorar los patrimonios gastronómicos, preservar su transmisión a las generaciones que suceden. Dar relevancia a la cultura alimentaria es necesario para promover la soberanía alimentaria(AU).

Introduction: in the City of Buenos Aires (CABA), food security initiatives are developed for the vulnerable population, directed by community organizations in soup kitchens. Recognizing cultural diversity in these community areas allows valuing the meaning foods have for assisted populations, as well as considerations related to autochthonous food practices. Objectives: to improve resources and adapt autochthonous food customs in soup kitchens in order to promote health and nutritional wellbeing within the assisted population. Materials and methods: prospective, descriptive and longitudinal study. A sociocultural analysis of food customs of migrant population that benefit from the Support Program to Community Groups (CABA) was carried out. The data was collected through a semi-structured mixed survey. Results: 59 people (52 women) were surveyed; average age 35. The population distribution was heterogeneous: 62% Bolivians, 21% Paraguayans, 11% Argentine (children of migrants), 4% Peruvians and 2% Chileans. Eighty-nine per cent consider typical foods as beneficial for health. 78 per cent consume autochthonous foods only on special social events. They referred association of their typical foods to several emotions such as happiness and memories. Conclusions: soup kitchens allow access to food assistance, constituting a place where different cultures converge. It is necessary to promote spaces to value gastronomic heritage, and preserve transmission in successive generations. Giving relevance to food culture is necessary to promote food sovereignty(AU).

Analysis on reproductive health service, demographics and characteristics of internal migrant population in three municipalities of China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the utilization of reproductive health services and relating factors among internal migrant population in Beijing,Shanghai and Chongqing.Methods A multi-stage cluster sampling method was adopted in this cross-sectional study,conducted in Beijing,Shanghai and Chongqing from August 2014 to August 2015.Standard methods on statistics and nonlinear canonical correlation were applied.Results Out of the 6 545 internal migrant persons,41.76％ ever used the reproductive health services in the past year.Results from the nonlinear canonical correlation analysis revealed that the utilization of reproductive health services was correlated with the demographic features (rn1 =0.28,P＜ 0.000 1) and characteristics of the population mobility (rb1 =0.21,P＜0.000 1),respectively.For the above said demographic features,canonical variable L1 which represented the demographic features was mainly determined by area,occupation and education attainment.Canonical variable M1 that reflected the utilization of reproductive health services,was mainly determined by factors as free contraceptives,education on contraception/reproductive health,and pregnancy diagnosis/antenatal care.As for the characteristics of the population mobility,canonical variable U1,which represented population mobility characteristics,was mainly determined by factors as purpose of migration,current pattern of residence and the length of annual stay in the area.Again,the canonical variable V1,reflecting the use of reproductive health services was mainly determined by factors as free contraceptives,check-up on reproductive tract infection,education on contraception/reproductive health,and pregnancy diagnosis/antenatal care.Conclusions The utilization of reproductive health services was low among the internal migrant population under study.Responsible departments for health and family planning in those cities should make internal migrants attach importance to reproductive health.

The choice of demand, supply, utilization and health promotion strategy of migrant popula-tion:A perspective of behavioral model of medical service utilization / 中国卫生政策研究

With the continuous expansion of the domestic population flow,the medical and health services is-sues of migrant population are becoming more and more serious. Based on the three aspects of the demand,supply, and utilization of health services,this article explores and analyzes the utilization of health services for migrant popu-lation in Beijing in 2015 on the basis of behavioral models. The results showed that the prevalence of chronic diseases and the frequency of disease in migrant population are relatively low. The migrant population has low efficiency and overall evaluation of public health services. From the point of view of convenience and diversity of services,the sup-ply of public health services needs to be further improved. In terms of the active utilization of medical and health services,the proportion of respondents who did not participate in any medical insurance still have a large proportion, while the proportion of regular physical examination was lower. In terms of passive utilization,both outpatient and in-patients service use are low. Family income and medical insurance have influenced patients'choice of medical institu-tions to some extent. The health promotion strategy is proposed from the perspective of supply side and utilization.

Analysis on reproductive health service, demographics and characteristics of internal migrant population in three municipalities of China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the utilization of reproductive health services and relating factors among internal migrant population in Beijing,Shanghai and Chongqing.Methods A multi-stage cluster sampling method was adopted in this cross-sectional study,conducted in Beijing,Shanghai and Chongqing from August 2014 to August 2015.Standard methods on statistics and nonlinear canonical correlation were applied.Results Out of the 6 545 internal migrant persons,41.76％ ever used the reproductive health services in the past year.Results from the nonlinear canonical correlation analysis revealed that the utilization of reproductive health services was correlated with the demographic features (rn1 =0.28,P＜ 0.000 1) and characteristics of the population mobility (rb1 =0.21,P＜0.000 1),respectively.For the above said demographic features,canonical variable L1 which represented the demographic features was mainly determined by area,occupation and education attainment.Canonical variable M1 that reflected the utilization of reproductive health services,was mainly determined by factors as free contraceptives,education on contraception/reproductive health,and pregnancy diagnosis/antenatal care.As for the characteristics of the population mobility,canonical variable U1,which represented population mobility characteristics,was mainly determined by factors as purpose of migration,current pattern of residence and the length of annual stay in the area.Again,the canonical variable V1,reflecting the use of reproductive health services was mainly determined by factors as free contraceptives,check-up on reproductive tract infection,education on contraception/reproductive health,and pregnancy diagnosis/antenatal care.Conclusions The utilization of reproductive health services was low among the internal migrant population under study.Responsible departments for health and family planning in those cities should make internal migrants attach importance to reproductive health.

Schistosomiasis surveillance among migrant population in Haining City in 2015 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the schistosomiasis epidemic situation among migrant population,so as to assess the potential risk of schistosomiasis transmission in Haining City. Methods Five districts in Haining City were randomly selected to investigate the schistosomiasis endemic situation in migrant population from the schistosomiasis endemic provinces. Results Totally 1207 persons were investigated and four positives were found in serological tests,with the positive rate of 0.33%,but no patients were found in pathologic tests. The positive cases in serological tests were mainly between 31-40 years old,with the pos-itive rate of 1.68%,which was higher than that of other age groups( χ2 = 6.590,P < 0.05). Conclusion The schistosomiasis surveillance work in migrant population still should be strengthened in Haining City.

Effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on curative compliance of migrant TB patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To probe into the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on curative compliance of migrant TB patients. Methods One hundred and eighty migrant patients with tuberculosis smearing positive were divided into control group and observation group in equal number according to the registration time.The patients in the control group received routine nursing care and those in the observation group comprehensive nursing intervention including psychological intervention,health education and family supervision for 6 months. The two groups were compared in terms of the curative compliance.Results After the intervention,the observation group was significantly better than the control group in terms of re-visit,regular mediation,drugs taking from the outpatient section and sputum culture after intervention (P<0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive nursing intervention is effective in improving the treatment compliance of migrant TB patients.

Research in status of community nursing among migrant infants of 0～6 months / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective This paper aimed to analyze the health situation and its influencing factors of the migrant infants in Gongshu district Hangzhou city,and discuss the best children's health care community management mode.Methods A random sampling method was taken to select the children's health management files who had took physical examinations in the community health service center in Gongshu district,the total migrant infants were 71 cases and local infants were 439 cases.Indicators such as rate of anemia,suffering from a disease,timely adding of vitamin D,and breast feeding were analyzed.Results The teething rate was 18.3％,anemia rate was 7.0％,obesity rate was 4.2％,overweight rate was 8.5％ in migrant infants.Compared with the local infants,the teething rate,anemia prevalence,overweight rate of migrant infants were lower than the local infants,and obesity rate was higher than the local infants,but there were no statistically significant differences between them.As a whole outdoor activities time of migrant infants was shorter than local infants.They both did not go out within 42 days primarily,outdoor activities time primarily were 1～2 h/d on the third month,more than 2 h/d on the 6th month.Conclusions To carry out health education for migrant parents actively,strengthen migrant infants care,timely addition of assist food,to combine vaccination information and children's health care information effectively are effective measures to improve the infants health service quality.

Situation on HIV/AIDS epidemics among migrant population in China, 2008-2011 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the HIV/AIDS epidemics situation among migrant population.Methods Data on HIV/AIDS cases among mobile population through case reporting system was collected from 2008 to 2011.Results The number of reported cases on HIV/AIDS among mobile population had been rising,with proportions of the total reported cases increased from 10.2％ in 2008,to 18.2％ in 2011.Sexual contacts continued to be the major route of transmission.With the increasing proportion of homosexual transmission,HIV/AIDS cases among mobile population moved from high HIV-prevalence areas in the western and central parts to low HIV-prevalence areas in the eastern part of the country.Conclusion In recent years,the number of HIV/AIDS cases among mobile population was increasing in the case reporting system.Data showed that some male rural migrants had been engaged in commercial sex activities that called for more effective intervention measures to be taken to reduce the new HIV/AIDS infections in the migrant population.

Equity investigation of primary public health service for the migrant population / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To probe into the inequality found in primary public health service available to the migrant population and permanent residents. Methods With on-site interviews, 581 migrant workers and 581 permanent residents in a county in Zhejiang province were surveyed, to learn the inequalities between the two in the expenditure, access and outcomes of the public health service accessible to each. Results only 7. 8% of the migrant population ever had access to medical aid, a ratio far below that of the permanent residents; 40. 9% of the migrant population may turn down medical service beyond their affordability, a ratio far higher; for the migrant population, their ratio of gynecological checkup is 58. 7%, lower than that of the permanent residents (67. 7%). Conclusion Resources and financial allocation to institutions of public health should be enhanced, and social medical and insurance system should be developed and improved, in an effort to encourage the equality of primary public health services accessible to various sectors of the population.

Challenges and countermeasures for reproductive health of migrant population in communities / 中华医院管理杂志

Acceleration of social and economic growth in China is raising China's migrant population to 160 million in 2010.Their reproductive health has a close bearing on the overall national quality of the Chinese people.This reveals the significance of studying the health status for continuous improvement of such a population in China.This study is based in communities to review the challenges faced in reproductive health of migrant population,with five recommendations for upgrading quality reproductive health in communities.