Composición Corporal y Capacidad Física en Pacientes con COVID-19 Hospitalizados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos / Body Composition and Physical Capacity in Patients with COVID-19 Hospitalized in a Intensive Care Unit

Las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y agudos han sido los contenedores del avance de la pandemia por COVID-19. Sin embargo, la estadía prolongada en esta unidad puede repercutir sobre la composición corporal (CC) y la capacidad derealizar ejercicio de los pacientes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar si existe relación entre composición corporal (CC) y la prueba de caminata en 6 minutos (PC6m). Se reclutaron 17 personas (8 mujeres y 9 hombres). Se tomaron las siguientes medidas: PC6m, se consideró su distancia recorrida (DRPC6m) y su velocidad (VelPC6m). Las variables de CC medidas fueron índice de masa corporal (IMC), masa grasa (MG), masa libre de grasa (MLG) y masa magra (MM). La DRPC6m sólo mostró relación significativa con la MM corporal (MMC). Por otra parte, la VelPC6m tuvo una relación significativa con la MMC. Además de esto, la MLG del miembro inferior derecho y la MLG del miembro inferior izquierdo mostraron una relación con la VelPC6m (r=0,422; p=0,041 y r=0,417; p=0,025, respectivamente). También la MM del miembro inferior derecho y la MM del miembro inferior izquierdo se relacionaron significativamente con la VelPC6m (r=0,422; p=0,030 y r=0,420; p=0,042). En conclusión, existe relación entre composición corporal y VelPC6m. Esto permitiría aproximarse de manera rápida al nivel de funcionalidad con la que ingresa un paciente a un programa de rehabilitación.

SUMMARY: The intensive care units (ICU) and acute care units have been the containers for the advance of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, prolonged stay in this unit can impact patients' body composition (WC) and ability to exercise. This research aimed to determine if there is a relationship between body composition (BC) and the 6-minute walk test (6mWT). 17 people were recruited (8 women and 9 men). The following measurements were taken: 6mWT, its distance traveled (6mWTDT) and its speed (6mWTS) were considered. The WC variables measured were body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and lean mass (LM). 6mWTDT only showed a significant relationship with body LM (BLM). On the other hand, 6mWTS had a significant relationship with BLM. In addition to this, the FFM of the right lower limb and the FFM of the left lower limb showed a relationship with 6mWTS (r=0.422; p=0.041 and r=0.417; p=0.025, respectively). Also, the LM of the right lower limb and the LM of the left lower limb were significantly related to the 6mWTS (r=0.422; p=0.030 and r=0.420; p=0.042). In conclusion, there is a relationship between body composition and 6mWTS. This would allow us to quickly approach the level of functionality with which a patient enters a rehabilitation program.

Correlation between severity of nausea and vomiting after thoracoscopic pulmonary surgery and quality of postoperative recovery and capacity of mobility / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To assess the correlation between the severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)with the quality of postoperative recovery and capacity of mobility in patients after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.Methods A total of 125 patients,80 males and 45 females,aged 18-64 years,BMI 18-35 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery were observed.The severity of PONV was assessed using the simplified PONV impact scale day 1 after sur-gery.The patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of PONV:non-PONV group(n = 87),mild PONV group(n = 31),and moderate to severe PONV group(n = 7).The quality of recovery was assessed using the quality of recovery-15(QoR-15)on the first day after surgery,and the capacity of mobility was assessed using the 6-minute walk test(6-MWT)on the second day after surgery.The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the correlation between the severity of PONV and quality of post-operative recovery and capacity of mobility.Results The results of the corrected multiple linear regression model showed that,compared with the patients without PONV,the QoR-15 scores of the patients with mild and moderate-severe PONV on the first day after surgery were reduced by 4.5 scores(95%CI-8.9 to-0.04 scores,P = 0.048)and 15.8 scores(95%CI-24.8 to-6.8 scores,P = 0.001),respectively.Mild(MD =-27.4 m,95%CI-70.1 to 15.4 m,P = 0.207)and moderate-severe PONV(MD =-57.0 m,95%CI-145.7 to 31.6 m,P = 0.204)were not significantly associated with 6-MWT distance shortening on the second day after surgery.Conclusion Increased PONV severity is associated with poorer recovery quality in patients undergoing pulmonary surgery.Active prevention and treatment of PONV may contribute to early recovery of patients.

Effect of stage Ⅰ comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarctionafter emergency percutaneous coronary intervention / 实用医学杂志

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of stage Ⅰ comprehensive cardiac rehabili-tation in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 72 patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction combined with PCI admitted to the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of Beijing Electric Power Hospital of State Grid Corporation from June 2021 to June 2022,which were selected as the research objectsand divided into control group and observation group randomly(36 cases in each group).The control group was treated with routine nursing and health education,and the observation group with stage Ⅰ comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation,including initial assessment(cardiovascular comprehensive assessment),exercise training(exercise training and breathing train-ing),daily activity suggestions and health education,discharge assessment(six-minute walking test and Barthel index assessment).The score of Barthel index(BI)at discharge,the 6-minute walking test distance(6MWD)at discharge,the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular event(MACE)during hospitalization and within one month of discharge,and the length of stay were compared between the two groups.Results After intervention,the six-minute walking test distance(6MWD)and Barthel index(BI)score in the observation group were better than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)during hospitalization and one month after discharge was lower in the observation group than in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The length of hospital-ization in observation group was lower than that in control groupbut there was no statistical difference(P>0.05).Conclusion The application of phase Ⅰ comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation training in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction combined with emergency PCI could improve the patients'exercise ability,improve their ability of daily activity,reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)in the early stage of the disease,facilitate the patients to return to their families and society as soon as possible,and improve their quality of life.It has high clinical application value.

Cardiovascular changes during the six-minute walk test in COPD patients / Alterações cardiovasculares durante o teste de caminhada de seis minutos em pacientes com DPOC

Abstract Introduction Specialised literature demonstrates that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has patho-physiological changes that impair cardiac autonomic function and the ability of the cardiovascular system to respond to stimuli. Objective To analyze the correlation between heart rate (HR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), functional and pulmonary capacity in patients with COPD during the six-minute walk test (6MWT) before and after the pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP). Methods This is a descriptive and retrospective study, with collection carried out in the PRP database of a university in Vale dos Sinos, Brazil. Results: The sample consisted of 216 patients, classified as having severe COPD, with a predominance of males (57.4%), with a mean age of 65.4 ± 7.9 years. The results showed that at the pre-PRP moment, the HR at the end of the test showed a strong negative correlation (p < 0.01) with SpO2 obtained at the end of the test, and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). At the post-PRP moment, the HR at the end of the test was strongly negatively cor-related with SpO2 and FEV1 positively, weakly (p < 0.05) with the sensation of dyspnea at the end of the test, and strongly with the distance covered in the 6MWT (6MWD). Conclusion The correlations between HR, FEV1, 6MWD, dyspnea and SpO2 were confirmed, making it evident that as the variables change, HR changes occur to meet the metabolic, oxygenation and ventilatory demands.

Resumo Introdução A literatura evidencia que a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) possui características fisiopatológicas que prejudicam a função autonômica cardíaca e a capacidade do sistema cardiovascular em responder aos estímulos. Objetivo Analisar a correlação entre a frequência cardíaca (FC), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2) e capacidade funcional e pulmonar em pacientes com DPOC durante o teste de caminhada seis minutos (TC6), antes e após programa de reabilitação pulmonar (PRP). Métodos Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, com coleta realizada no banco de dados do PRP de uma universidade do Vale dos Sinos. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 216 pacientes com DPOC grave, com média de idade de 65,4 ± 7,9 anos e predominância do sexo masculino (57,4%). Os resultados evidenciaram que no momento pré-PRP, a FC ao final do teste apresentou correlação negativa forte (p < 0,01) com a SpO2 obtida ao final do teste e volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1). No momento pós-PRP, a FC ao final do teste se correlacionou negativamente de maneira forte com a SpO2 e VEF1, positivamente de forma fraca (p < 0,05) com a sensação de dispneia pós-teste e forte com a distância percorrida no TC6 (DTC6). Conclusão As correlações entre FC, VEF1, DTC6, dispneia e SpO2 foram confirmadas, ficando evidente que à medida que ocorrem alterações das variáveis, acontecem modificações na FC para suprir a demanda metabólica, ventilatória e de oxigenação.

A pilot observational study to identify reference values for the 6-minute walk test in Brazilian people with hypertension / Um estudo observacional piloto para identificar valores de referência para o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos em hipertensos brasileiros

Abstract Introduction Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is responsible for 9.5 million deaths in the global popu-lation. Lifestyle factors, including physical inactivity, are important modifiable risk factors in the development of SAH. Thus, physical exercise has been shown to be effective to control SAH and before the prescription, the six-minute walk test (6-MWT) has been commonly used to assess the physical capacity. Objective To propose reference values for the 6-MWT test in Brazilian people with SAH. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 302 hypertensive subjects (62.61 + 10.93 years) admitted to a cardiac rehabilitation program. Participants were divided into different age quartiles and submitted to 6-MWT. The walking distance data was compared between the quartiles and adjusted by mul-tiple linear regression analysis. Results The hypertensive subjects walked 388.07 + 115.03 m during the 6-MWT. No significant difference between the genders was found. However, when the age quartiles were compared, for the 46-59 age group, the women walked less than the men. Intra-group comparisons showed that the distance walked in the 6-MWT decreased with the increase in age, in both men and women. Conclusion The present study provides reference values for the 6-MWT, both for Brazilian men and women of different age groups. This data may be an important parameter for future clinical studies, prevention strategies, and clinical intervention.

Resumo Introdução A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é respon-sável por 9,5 milhões de mortes na população mundial. Con-dições do estilo de vida, incluindo a inatividade física, são importantes fatores de risco modificáveis no desenvolvimento da HAS. Desse modo, o exercício físico tem se mostrado eficaz no controle da HAS e, antes da prescrição, o teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) tem sido comumente utilizado para ava-liar a capacidade física. Objetivo Propor valores de referência para o teste de TC6 em brasileiros com HAS. Métodos Realizou-se um estudo observacional transversal com 302 hipertensos (62,61 + 10,93 anos) admitidos em um programa de reabilitação cardíaca. Os participantes foram divididos em diferentes quartis de idade e submetidos ao TC6. Os dados de distância percorrida foram comparados entre os quartis e ajustados por análise de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados Os hipertensos caminharam 388,07 + 115,03 m durante o TC6. Não encontrou-se diferença significativa entre os gêneros. No entanto, quando comparados os quartis de idade, para a faixa etária de 46 a 59 anos, as mulheres caminharam menos do que os homens. As comparações intragrupo mostraram que a distância percorrida no TC6 diminuiu com o aumento da idade, tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. Conclusão O presente estudo fornece valores de referência para o TC6, tanto para homens quanto para mulheres brasileiras de diferentes faixas etárias. Esses dados podem ser um parâmetro importante para futuros estudos clínicos, estratégias de prevenção e intervenção clínica.

Secuelas respiratorias clínicas, funcionales y tomográficas de pacientes hospitalizados por Covid-19 al año del diagnóstico: ESTUDIO SECUELAR-19 / Clinical, functional and tomographic respiratory sequels of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at one year of diag nosis: SECUELAR-19 TRIAL

Resumen Introducción : Hay información escasa sobre evolución a largo plazo de pacientes hospitalizados por neumo nía COVID-19 moderada (NM) y grave (NG). El objetivo del estudio fue determinar impacto clínico, funcional respiratorio y tomográfico (TACAR) luego del alta a 12 meses del diagnóstico. Métodos : análisis según grupos NM y NG, desatura dores (PD) en prueba de caminata 6 min (PC6M) y patrón tomográfico símil fibrótico (SF). Comparamos resultados a 3 y 12 meses de seguimiento. Resultados : 194 pacientes enrolados, evaluados al año: 103 (53% ): masculinos (62.4%), edad 57.7 ± 10.9 años, comorbilidades (hipertensión arterial 38.8%, dia betes 29.6%, antecedentes respiratorios-AR- 18.4%). Com paramos variables a los 3 y 12 meses (media/DE): CVF 84%(19) a 88(19) (p = 0.01); 27% tuvo CVF<80% al año. En PC6M: 426 metros (108) a 447(92) (p = < 0.01). El 12.8% fue PD al año. NG tuvo mayor SF (40% vs. 27.9% p = 0.021). SF se relacionó con CVF <80% (p = 0.004) en toda la co horte, y NG (p < 0.001). Al año en análisis multivariado se asoció a CVF <80%, AR (OR 4.32, 1.15-16.25), diabetes (OR 2.96, 1.02-8.57) y patrón SF (OR 3.51, 1.25-9.88). PD se asoció a AR (OR 12.2, 2.41-61.85). Discusión : Se observó mejoría en todas las variables al año. Pero al año persisten alteraciones funcionales y tomográficas en <50% de los pacientes. El subgrupo de PD se relacionó a AR. Es importante el seguimiento protocolizado de los pacientes hospitalizados, especial mente los grupos NG, PD y SF.

Abstract Introduction : There is scarce information on longterm evolution of hospitalized patients with moderate (MP) and severe (SP) COVID-19 pneumonia. Objective: to de termine clinical, respiratory function, and tomographic (HRCT) impact after being discharged 12 months after diagnosis. Methods : Analysis according to MP and SP, desatura tor patients (DP) in 6-minute walking test (6MWT) and HRCT fibrotic-like pattern (FLP). Results compared at 3 and 12 months of follow-up. Results : 194 patients enrolled and one year later 103 (53%) were evaluated: gender male (62.4%), age 57.7 ± 10.9 years, comorbidities (arterial hypertension 38.8%, diabetes 29.6%, and respiratory diseases-RD-18.4%). Variables compared 3 months to 12 months (mean/SD): FVC: 84%( 19) to 88%( 19) (p= 0.01). A 27% of patients had FVC<80% at one year. In 6MWT:426 (108) to 447 (92) (p = <0.01). 12.8% are DP in one year. SP had a greater FLP than MP (40% vs. 27.9%, p = 0.021). The FLP group was related to FVC < 80% (p = 0.004) in all patients but only in SP (p < 0.001). After one year, in multivariate analysis, FVC < 80% was associated with RD (OR 4.32, 1.15-16.25), diabetes (OR 2.96, 1.02-8.57) and FLP (OR 3.51, 1.25-9.88). DP were associated with RD (OR 12.2, 2.41-61.85). Discussion : Improvement was observed in all vari ables when comparing 3 to 12 months. However, after one year, functional and tomographic alterations persist in less than 50% of patients. DP subgroup was related to RD. Protocolled follow-up of hospitalized patients is important, especially in SP, DP, and FLP groups.

Rate and determinants of low fifth minute Apgar score at the federal medical centre Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Background: About a quarter of neonatal deaths and about 10% of deaths of children under 5 years are due to intrapartum related events reflected as low fifth minute Apgar score. This study is to assess the rate of low fifth minute Apgar score and its determinants at the Federal Medical Centre Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.Methods: A cross-sectional study of births at the Federal Medical Centre Yenagoa between July 2020 and April 2021. Data was collected in real time from parturients’ case notes at delivery. Low fifth minute Apgar score was defined as Apgar score < 7 at the 5th minute of birth. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify determinants of low fifth minute Apgar score. P Value was 0.05.Results: Rate of low fifth minute Apgar score was 16.6%. Unbooked status (OR - 2.29; CI-1.11 - 4.71; p value - 0.024), emergency caesarean section (OR - 10.44; CI - 1.10 - 99.26; p value - 0.041), urgent caesarean section (OR - 25.75; CI - 2.58 – 256.72; p value=0.006) and breech presentation (OR - 1.96; CI - 1.03 – 3.82; p value=0.049) significantly increased the odd of low fifth minute Apgar score.Conclusions: Unbooked status, emergency and urgent caesarean section, and breech presentation were the determinants of low fifth minute Apgar score in the population studied. This highlights the patient group and clinical scenario requiring a focus of intervention for prevention of morbidity and mortality from low fifth minute Apgar score.

Evaluation-of-pulmonary-function-test-in-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-patients

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive inflammatory disease that affects the airways, alveoli, and pulmonary vasculature, leading to irreversible airflow limitation and loss of elastic recoil. This disease is highly prevalent in clinical practice, affecting approximately 10% of adults over 40 years of age, and it is expected to become the third leading cause of death by 2030. The study was conducted on 54 COPD patients diagnosed based on GOLD guidelines. The study observed a statistically significant association between Spirometric staging and the duration of symptoms. The mean value of FEV1/FVC, FEV1 in %, and 6MWD in meters decreased significantly as the grade of GOLD stage increased from stage II to stage III and stage IV. The study showed that COPD is associated with various co- morbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and coronary artery disease. The study concludes that FEV1, BMI, MMRC grading, and the 6-minute walk test are significant predictors of morbidity among COPD patients. The study recommends early detection and management of COPD to prevent its progression and associated morbidity

Relationship between Body Surface Area and Pulmonary Functions in Patients of Silicosis

Background and objective: Silicosis is one of the oldest occupational lung diseases. However, there are very few studies identifying the anthropometric variables associated with silicosis. The present study aimed at studying the association between body surface area (BSA), pulmonary function indices, and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) in patients with silicosis. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 102 male patients of silicosis. Height and weight were measured to calculate BSA. Spirometry and 6 minute-walk tests were performed. Data were analyzed using EPI info V 7 software. Student's t-test of significance (ANOVA) was applied to test the difference between means. Results: There are no significant changes found in the 6-minute walk distance with years of exposure and BSA. Statistically significant lower values of pulmonary function indices were observed in patients with BSA <1.6 sq m. Statistically significant higher values of forced expiratory volume in the first second and forced vital capacity were observed in patients with BSA >1.9 sq m in all categories of exposure. Conclusion: In conclusion, patients of silicosis with >1.9 sq m BSA had higher values of pulmonary function indices. Large body size may be of value in protection from developing occupational lung disease.

Curative effect of capreomycin in adjuvant treatment of multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and its effect on quality of life and immune function / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the efficacy of capreomycin adjuvant therapy for multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and its effect on quality of life and immune function. Methods Eighty-eight elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from October 2019 to October 2020 were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table method. The control group (n=44) used 4-6Am-Mfx（Lfx）-Pto-Cfz-Z-Hhigh-dose-E/5 Mfx（Lfx）-Cfz-Z-E, the research group (n=44) used capreomycin on the basis of the control group. The 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) measured value/predicted value and quality of life [36-Item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36)] scores, safety evaluation results, chest CT cavity and lesion absorption rate and sputum culture turned negative were compared between the two groups, and the serum procalcitonin (PCT) expression levels and immune function were detected before and after treatment. Results The 6MWT measured value/predicted value of the research group and control group before the treatment were (0.48±0.11) and (0.64±0.13), which were significantly higher than corresponding (0.51±0.12) and (0.58±0.14) after treatment (t=6.23, 2.520, P<0.05), the measured/expected value of 6MWT increased in both groups after treatment. Compared with the same group before treatment, the SF-36 scores for each dimension increased in both groups after treatment (P<0.01). The expression levels of serum PCT in the research group and control group before the treatment were (0.37±0.09) ng/mL and (0.12±0.03) ng/mL versus (0.36±0.11) ng/mL and (0.21±0.06) ng/mL after treatment (t=17.480, 7.940, P<0.01). Compared with the same group before treatment, serum PCT expression levels decreased in both groups after treatment. Compared with the same group before treatment, CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were elevated in both groups after treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01); after treatment, CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ were significantly higher in research group compared to the control group (t=4.21, 8.02, 2.04, P<0.05). The absorption rate of chest CT cavity and lesions and negative rate of sputum culture in the research group were 88.64% (39/44) and 81.82% (36/44), which were significantly higher than corresponding 63.64% (28/44) and 61.36% (27/44) in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions　Capreomycin can improve the quality of life of MDR-TB patients, extend the 6-minute walking distance, and regulate serum PCT expression levels and immune function, to promote the absorption of chest CT cavity and lesions, and sputum culture to turn negative, and the security is acceptable.

Narrative Review of Feedback -From Definition to Recent Discussion- / 医学教育

Feedback is an educational activity that occurs in a variety of settings in medical education and has been widely discussed since 2008, when Ridder et al. defined it as "Specific information about the comparison between a trainee's observed performance and a standard, given with the intent to improve the trainee's performance." (Ridder et al., 2008, p.3). Since then, discussions on effective feedback have shifted from a behaviorist, instructor-centered approach to a more multifaceted approach that focuses on relationship and the learner as recipient of feedback, or the learner's potential ability to make use of feedback (self-regulated learning, feedback literacy).

Recent Advances and Controversies in Minute Pulmonary Meningothelial-like Nodules / 中国肺癌杂志

Minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules (MPMNs) are benign small lesions in the lungs, with similar pathological characteristics to the meningeal epithelium. MPMNs have similar imaging manifestations to malignant tumors, which can lead to misdiagnosis in clinical practice. There is no consensus on the pathogenesis of MPMNs, with some suggest that MPMNs derive from reactive proliferation, while others suggest that MPMNs share a common origin and molecular mechanism with meningiomas in the central nervous system. Understanding the characteristics of MPMNs and studying their pathogenesis will help improve the understanding and diagnosis of MPMNs. In this article, we reviewed the clinical, pathological, imaging characteristics, differential diagnosis and pathogenesis of MPMNs. We also analyze the existing research advances regarding the pathogenesis and propose prospects for further research.
.

A wearable six-minute walk-based system to predict postoperative pulmonary complications after cardiac valve surgery: an exploratory study / 生物医学工程学杂志

In recent years, wearable devices have seen a booming development, and the integration of wearable devices with clinical settings is an important direction in the development of wearable devices. The purpose of this study is to establish a prediction model for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) by continuously monitoring respiratory physiological parameters of cardiac valve surgery patients during the preoperative 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) with a wearable device. By enrolling 53 patients with cardiac valve diseases in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, the grouping was based on the presence or absence of PPCs in the postoperative period. The 6MWT continuous respiratory physiological parameters collected by the SensEcho wearable device were analyzed, and the group differences in respiratory parameters and oxygen saturation parameters were calculated, and a prediction model was constructed. The results showed that continuous monitoring of respiratory physiological parameters in 6MWT using a wearable device had a better predictive trend for PPCs in cardiac valve surgery patients, providing a novel reference model for integrating wearable devices with the clinic.

Comparing modified Lee and White method against 20-minute whole blood clotting test as bedside coagulation screening test in snake envenomation victims

Abstract Background: Twenty-minute whole blood clotting test (20WBCT) and Modified Lee and White (MLW) method are the most routinely employed bedside tests for detecting coagulopathic snake envenomation. Our study compared the diagnostic utility of MLW and 20WBCT for snakebite victims at a tertiary care hospital in Central Kerala, South India. Methods: This single-center study recruited 267 patients admitted with snake bites. 20WBCT and MLW were performed simultaneously at admission along with the measurement of Prothrombin Time (PT). The diagnostic utility of 20WBCT and MLW was determined by comparing the sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive values, likelihood ratios, and accuracy at admission with an INR value > 1.4. Results: Out of 267 patients, 20 (7.5%) patients had VICC. Amongst those who had venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC), MLW was prolonged for 17 patients, (Sn 85% 95% confidence interval [CI]: 61.1-96.0) whereas 20WBCT was abnormal for 11 patients (Sn 55%, 95% CI: 32.04-76.17). MLW and 20WBCT were falsely positive for the same patient (Sp 99.6%, 95% CI: 97.4-99.9%). Conclusion: MLW is more sensitive than 20WBCT to detect coagulopathy at the bedside amongst snakebite victims. However, further studies are necessary for standardizing bedside coagulation tests in snakebite cases.

Early Six-Minute Walk Test May Predict Midterm Outcomes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to investigate the ability of the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) as a prognostic marker for midterm clinical outcomes three months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), to identify possible predictors of fall in 6MWD in the early postoperative period, and to establish the percentage fall in early postoperative 6MWD, considering the preoperative baseline as 100%. Methods: A prospective cohort of patients undergoing elective CABG were included. The percentage fall in 6MWD was assessed by the difference between preoperative and postoperative day (POD) five. Clinical outcomes were evaluated three months after hospital discharge. Results: There was a significant decrease in 6MWD on POD5 compared with preoperative baseline values (percentage fall of 32.5±16.5%, P<0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed an independent association of the percentage fall of 6MWD with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the best cutoff value of percentage fall in 6MWD to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months was 34.6% (area under the curve = 0.82, sensitivity = 78.95%, specificity = 76.19%, P=0.0001). Conclusion: This study indicates that a cutoff value of 34.6% in percentage fall of 6MWD on POD5 was able to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months of follow-up after CABG. Use of CPB and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength were independent predictors of percentage fall of 6MWD in the postoperative period. These findings further support the clinical application of 6MWD and propose an inpatient preventive strategy to guide clinical management over time.

Secuelas respiratorias clínicas, funcionales y tomográficas de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 a seis meses del diagnóstico: estudio SECUELAR-19 / Clinical, functional and tomographic respiratory sequels of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at six month of diagnosis: SECUELAR-19 trial

Resumen Introducción: Hay información escasa sobre la evolución de los enfermos hospitalizados por neumonía por COVID-19 a mediano plazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar en pacientes con neumonía moderada (NM) o grave (NG) por COVID-19, el impacto clínico, funcional respiratorio y tomográfico a los 6 meses. Métodos: Se realizó análisis según grupos de NM y NG, desaturadores (PD) en la prueba de cami nata de 6 minutos y presencia del patrón tomográfico de alta resolución (TACAR) símil fibrótico. Se compararon los resultados a los 3 y 6 meses. Resultados: Se incluyeron 129 pacientes, edad 57±11 años, comorbilidades frecuentes (hipertensión arterial 38.1%, diabetes 30.4% y respiratorias 18.6%). Al comparar 3 y 6 meses se ob servó mejoría de la calidad de vida en NM y NG. Los PD presentaron menor metraje caminado, peor calidad de vida y mayor presencia de patrón símil fibrótico. Este patrón se relacionó con la caída de la FVC 80% en NM y NG (p = 0.048 y p = 0.007), y con PD (p = 0.002). En el análisis multivariado, el patrón símil fibrótico s e asoció a la reducción de la CVF con OR = 4.44 (1.94-10.18, p<0.01) y a la desaturación, OR = 5.01 (1.63-15.42, p<0.01). En esta cohorte se observó mayor compromiso funcional y tomográfico en los PD. El patrón símil fibrótico se relacionó con peor evolución funcional y oximétrica. Discusión: Es importante el seguimiento de los pacientes con NG, los PD y los que presentan patrón fibrótico al alta de neumonía por COVID-19.

Abstract Introduction: There is scarce information about middle-term evolution of hospitalized patients who suffer from pneumonia caused by COVID-19. The objective of this study is to determine the clinical, respiratory, tomographic and functional impact on COVID-19 patients with moderate (MP) to severe (SP) pneumonia after six months of acute infection. Methods: Analysis was carried out by MP and SP groups, desaturators during the 6-minute-walking test and the presence of fibrotic like pattern on HRCT. Outcomes at 3 and 6 months were compared. Results: The analysis included 129 patients, between 57 ± 11 years old. Frequent comorbidities were: arterial hypertension 38.1%, diabetes 30.4%, respiratory 18.6%). Comparing 3 and 6 months, improvement in quality of life was observed in MP and SP. The DP walked less meters in the MWT, worsened life quality and more fibrotic like pattern. The fibrotic pattern was related to the fall of CVF < 80% on MP and SP (p = 0.048 and p = 0.007), and with DP (p = 0.002). On multivariated analysis, the fibrotic like pattern was associated to the reduction of CVF with OR = 4.44 (1.94-10.18, p<0.01) and desaturation OR = 5.01(1.63-15.42, p < 0.01). On this cohort it was observed more functional and tomographic compromise on the DP The fibrotic like pattern was related to worse functional evolution and oximetry. Discussion: Follow-up after discharge of COVID-19 patients with SP, DP or fibrotic changes in HCRT is underlined.

Rehabilitación cardiorrespiratoria en hipertensión pulmonar: experiencia en un centro de referencia / Cardiorespiratory rehabilitation in pulmonary hypertension: experience in a reference center

RESUMEN Introducción: La hipertensión pulmonar (HP) abarca un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades que genera discapacidad y aumento de la morbimortalidad. La rehabilitación cardiorrespiratoria (RC) es un recurso terapéutico subutilizado en esta condición. Objetivo: Estimar los efectos de un programa de RC en una prueba de caminata de campo y en la calidad de vida de pacientes con diagnóstico de HP de los grupos I y IV. Materiales y Métodos: Los pacientes fueron evaluados antes y después de la intervención mediante la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos (PC6M) y el Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). El programa de RC consistió en 8 semanas de ejercicios supervisados con modalidad institucional. Resultados: Se incluyeron 19 pacientes con diagnóstico de HP precapilar por cateterismo cardíaco derecho, 18 mujeres (94,7%) con una media de edad de 45,5 ± 14,3 años. Trece (68,4%) presentaron HP del grupo I, y 6 (31,6%) HP del grupo IV. Se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos en la PC6M (diferencia de medias -DM- 31 ± 27,3 metros; p <0,001), y en el SGRQ (DM 8,2 ± 10,2; p<0,01). No se reportaron eventos adversos graves durante el programa. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio sugiere que un programa de RC supervisado en pacientes con HP podría mejorar la distancia caminada y la calidad de vida.

ABSTRACT Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases resulting in disability and increased morbidity and mortality. Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation (CR) is a therapeutic resource not widely used in this condition. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a CR program on a walking test and on the quality of life in patients with group 1 and group 4 PH Methods: Patients were evaluated before and after the intervention with the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). The program consisted of 8 weeks of supervised exercises within the institution. Results: Nineteen patients with precapillary PH diagnosed by right heart catheterization were included; 18 were women (94.7%) with a mean age of 45.5±14.3 years. Thirteen (68.4%) patients had group 1 PH and 6 (31.6%) had group 4 PH. There were statistically significant changes in the 6MWT [mean difference (MD) 31±27.3 m; p<0.001], and in the SGRQ (MD 8.2±10.2; p<0.01). No adverse events were reported during the program. Conclusions: Our study suggests that a supervised CR program in patients with PH could improve the distance walked and the quality of life.

Correlation Of Spirometry And Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) In Patients Of Stable COPD

Background: Spirometryis the GOLD standard for the diagnosis of COPD. This test also grades the severity of the disease which helps in the management of patients.Many times Spirometry is not available in remote areas. In these situations 6MWT can be done. 6 minute walk test (6MWT) is a simple test to assess patient’s functional capacity (ability for day to day activities).Material And Methods:A prospective study was conducted in the department of Respiratory Medicine, AMC MET MEDICAL COLLEGE, L.G. HOSPITAL, AHMEDABAD for 6 months from date of Confirmation of IRB.The patient who was a confirmed and stable case of COPD and who gave consent was taken for the study.Conclusion:The 6MWT plays a major role in measuring the functional status and disease tolerance of COPD patients.Also, it is observed that as severity of FEV1 increses 6MWD decreses.This suggests that in the absence of spirometry 6MWT is a reasonable tool for the assessment of disease severity and functional status in COPD Patients.

Application of 6-minute walk and grip strength tests in nursing evaluation of early arterial stiffness in community-dwelling elderly / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the application of 6MWT and handgrip strength test in the nursing evaluation of arterial stiffness in community-dwelling elderly.Methods:From September 2019 to January 2020, 129 community-dwelling elderly people (age 60 years or older) were selected as the research subjects. Arterial stiffness was detected by pulse wave detector, and handgrip strength test and 6MWT were performed. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression methods were used to analyze the relationship between handgrip strength and 6MWT test indicators and aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) and augmentation index75 (AIx75).Results:The community-dwelling older people of aPWV was (10.50 ± 1.36) m/s and was negatively correlated with 6MWT distance and 6WMT work, of which the correlation coefficients were -0.404 and -0.285 respectively ( P<0.05). The community-dwelling older people of AIx75 was (28.51 ± 10.81) % and was negatively correlated with handgrip strength, relative grip strength, 6MWT distance and 6MWT work, of which the range of correlation coefficients were from -0.261 to -0.226 ( P<0.05). After adjusting for age, gender, and blood pressure, 6MWT distance and grip strength were independently related to aPWV and AIx75, respectively. Conclusions:In community-dwelling elderly people, both the grip strength test and 6MWT can be used for nursing evaluation of early arterial stiffness, but the specific evaluation role is different.

Application of six-minute walk test in preoperative evaluation of patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To analyze the feasibility of six-minute walk test (6MWT) before pulmonary lobectomy and prediction for postoperative outcome. Methods A total of 580 patients who were hospitalized in the department of lung surgery from May, 2017 to May, 2019 were reviewed, and 274 eligible patients were selected, who underwent first surgery and the surgical method was pulmonary lobectomy. They were divided into two groups based on the results of 6MWT before operation. The cut-off value of six-minute walk distance (6MWD) was obtained by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) area under curve (AUC). The postoperative outcome and the occurrence of cardiopulmonary complications in the two groups were analyzed. Results Compared to patients with 6MWD > 449 meters, the age was significantly older (P < 0.001), the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was poor in patients with 6MWD ≤ 449 meters (P < 0.05), and other factors such as surgical resection site, pathological stage, gender, etc., were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications was significantly higher (OR = 2.672, 95%CI 1.488 to 4.798, P = 0.002), and the postoperative extubation time and hospital stay was longer in patients with 6MWD ≤ 449 meters than in patients with 6MWD > 449 meters (P < 0.05). 6MWD ≤ 449 meters was an independent risk factor for postoperative cardiopulmonary complications (OR = 2.395, 95%CI 1.299 to 4.415, P = 0.005). Conclusion As a simple function test, 6MWT can be routinely used to assess the physiological function of patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy. Patients with 6MWD ≤ 449 meters may be in higher risks of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications.