Benefits of core strengthening exercise in osteoarthritis knee patients: a narrative review

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease results from breakdown of cartilage that covers the ends of bones in joint. Breakdown causes bones to rub each other leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, loss of function in joint and can be accompanied by synovitis with or without joint fluid effusion. Muscle atrophy may develop if patient was inactive and did not perform exercises, which will affect functionality and stability of joint including activities of daily life. The aim of the study was to evaluate current literature and provide comprehensive overview of benefits of core muscle strengthening exercise in managing OA. The objective of this study was to discuss effectiveness of core muscle strengthening exercise in reducing pain, improving physical function, and enhancing quality of life in individuals with osteoarthritis knee. A systematic search was conducted to identify all relevant studies related to core muscle strengthening, database such as Pubmed, Cochrane library, Scopus had been used. Studies demonstrating clinical importance of core strengthening in treatment of osteoarthritis knee are limited. By performing randomized controlled trials with a big sample size, new researchers should produce more unique findings.

Destinos e distâncias da caminhada recreativa e utilitária: estudo empírico na cidade de Londrina-Paraná / Destinations and distances of recreational and utilitarian walking: empirical study in the city of Londrina-Paraná

Pesquisas indicam correlatos ambientais distintos para caminhada utilitária e recreativa. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar locais, destinos e distância percorrida em caminhadas recreativas e uti-litárias, e comparar espacialmente a percepção sobre os locais caminhados. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal, conduzido em Londrina, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário aplicado na plataforma Survey123, que contemplou pessoas maiores de 18 anos que reportassem ao menos uma rota de caminhada realizada no município de Londrina. A análise dos deslocamentos reportados foi feita pela estimativa de densidade de Kernele as distâncias de cami-nhada foram analisadas através do coeficiente de correlação ponto-bisserial ­ rpb. A espacialização dos dados perceptivos, obtidos através do questionário Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale­ NEWS, foi realizada pela identificação de agrupamentos significativos através do indicador Gi*. A amostra totalizou 182 participantes e 305 deslocamentos a pé, dos quais, 61 classificados como ca-minhada recreativa e 244 como utilitária. Os locais de maior densidade de deslocamentos recreativos possuem ampla infraestrutura para pedestres, enquanto os de concentração de deslocamentos utili-tários são caracterizados pela diversidade de uso do solo. A caminhada recreativa registrou distância média de 3.955,3 ± 2.503,5m sendo que, para a caminhada utilitária, a média foi 1.247,0 ± 1.034,0m. A correlação ponto-bisserial obteve rpb = 0,611 e p<0,001, moderada a forte, indicando correlação po-sitiva entre a realização de viagens recreativas e uma maior distância média de caminhada. A pesquisa contribui para a investigação do comportamento de caminhada pela associação de variáveis objetivas e subjetivas e pela captura dos trajetos de deslocamento a pé.

Studies indicate distinct environmental correlates for utilitarian and recreational walking. This study aimed to identify the locations, destinations and the distance traveled in recreational and utilitarian walks, and to compare spatially the perception about the walked places. To achieve this, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Londrina, Brazil. Data was collected through a questionnaire applied on the Survey123 platform, including people aged 18 or over that reported at least one walking route performed in Londrina. The route analysis was made by Kernel density estimation and walking distances were analyzed through the point-bisserial correlation coefficient - rpb. The spatialization of perception data, obtained through the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale - NEWS form, was performed by identifying significant clus-ters through the Gi* indicator. The sample totaled 182 participants who reported 305 walk routes, of which 61 were classified as recreational walking and 244 as utilitarian. The places of higher recreational walking density have ample infrastructure for pedestrians, and the places with utilitarian walking concentration are characterized by the diversity of land use. Recreational walking recorded mean distance of 3.955.3 ± 2.503.5m, and for utilitarian walking, the average was 1.247.0 ± 1.034.0m. The point-bisserial correlation obtained rpb = 0.611 and p<0.001, moderate to strong, indicating a positive correlation between recreational trips and a greater average walking distance. This research contributes to the investigation of walking behav-ior through the association of objective and subjective variables and through the capture of walking routes.

Ciclismo recreacional e mobilidade urbana: análise das motivações dos ciclistas de Blumenau/SC / Urban mobility: an analysis of the motivations of cyclists in Blumenau/SC

A motivação é um fenômeno complexo que impulsiona as ações humanas. O diagnóstico de tais interesses oferece elementos de reflexão para a promoção de atividades e a implementação de políticas públicas. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar as motivações dos praticantes de ciclismo recreacional de Blumenau/SC, município com uma população de 363 mil habitantes e uma malha cicloviária de 137 quilômetros. A coleta dos dados empíricos da pesquisa ocorreu por meio da aplicação de um questionário. Ao final, obteve-se uma amostra de 304 respondentes. Os resultados do estudo indicam a motivação para as atividades físicas ocupa papel central na relação com outros fatores de interesse, contribuindo para a superação de aspectos eventualmente desencorajadores. Em contrapartida, praticantes que têm outras motivações, como a interação social e o desenvolvimento pessoal, dependem mais de estímulos encorajadores, o que sugere que em tais casos existe a necessidade de maior incentivo para a prática do ciclismo recreacional. As conclusões deste estudo são relevantes para planejadores urbanos e gestores de comunicação. Ao mensurar a pertinência de causas motivadoras e desmotivadoras do ciclismo, os resultados da pesquisa indicam a importância de investir em infraestrutura adequada como a expansão da rede cicloviária e a criação de campanhas de divulgação, a fim de promover a bicicleta como meio de transporte e/ou recreação.

Motivation is a complex phenomenon that drives human actions. Diagnosing these interests provides elements for reflection in promoting activities and implementing public policies. In this context, the present study aims to analyze the motivations of recreational cyclists in Blumenau, SC (Brazil), a city with a population of 363,000 inhabitants and a cycling network of 137 kilometers. Empirical data for the research were collected through a questionnaire. Ultimately, a sample of 304 respondents was obtained. The study's results indicate that motivation for physical activities plays a central role in the relationship with other factors of interest, contributing to overcoming potentially discouraging aspects. Conversely, individuals motivated by other factors, such as social interaction and personal development, rely more on encouraging stimuli, suggesting that in such cases there's a need for greater incentives for recreational cycling. The conclusions of this study are relevant for urban planners and communication managers. By assessing the relevance of motivating and demotivating factors in cycling, the research results underscore the importance of investing in appropriate infrastructure, such as expanding the cycling network and launching promotional campaigns, to promote cycling as a means of transportation and/or recreation.

Socio-environmental factors contributing to the high incidence of COVID-19 in a border city in northern Uruguay / Factores socioambientales que contribuyen a alta incidencia de COVID-19 en ciudad fronteriza del norte de Uruguay / Fatores socioambientais que contribuem para alta incidência de COVID-19 em cidade fronteiriça no norte do Uruguai

Background and Objectives: the present study was conducted in the city of Rivera, situated in northern Uruguay on the border with Brazil. The disease initially progressed slowly in 2020, with subsequent outbreaks followed by a rapid increase in incidence. The objective was to explore the relationship between the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases in a binational city and variables such as socioeconomic status, population density, and mobility patterns, with the aim of informing public policies. Methods: an exploratory study was conducted between August 2020 and January 2021 using data obtained from the Ministry of Health. The explanatory variables considered included population density, socioeconomic level, and mobility. Three distinct periods from 2020 to 2021 were identified. Spatial autocorrelation was analyzed using Moran's Index and the Gi* statistic (Getis & Ord). Hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to identify homogeneous groups of census segments. Results: a total of 1,846 cases were georeferenced. Through hierarchical cluster analysis, seven homogeneous groups were identified. Mobility was found to explain the incidence of cases among the high socioeconomic level group, while population density accounted for the differences observed in the low socioeconomic group. Conclusion: in this city, priority should be given to populations residing in areas with higher population density and greater mobility. This small-scale territorial analysis provides valuable information for developing localized policies aimed at addressing health crises.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: el estudio se realizó en la ciudad de Rivera, situada en el norte del país en la frontera con Brasil. La enfermedad progresó lentamente durante 2020, con brotes posteriores seguidos de un rápido aumento de la incidencia. El objetivo fue explorar la relación entre la distribución espacial de los casos de COVID-19 en una ciudad binacional y variables como nivel socioeconómico, densidad poblacional y patrones de movilidad, con el objetivo de informar políticas públicas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio exploratorio entre agosto 2020 y enero 2021 con datos del Ministerio de Salud, considerando semanas epidemiológicas. Las variables explicativas consideradas fueron densidad poblacional, nivel socioeconómico y movilidad. Se identificaron tres periodos temporales desde agosto 2020 hasta enero 2021. Se analizo la autocorrelación espacial empleando el Índice de Moran y estadística Gi* (Getis & Ord). Mediante el análisis de cluster jerárquico, fue posible identificar grupos homogéneos de segmentos censales. Resultados: se georreferenciaron un total de 1.846 casos. Mediante análisis de cluster jerárquico, se identificaron siete grupos homogéneos. Para el nivel alto socioeconómico, la movilidad es el factor explicativo de una mayor incidencia de casos. Mientras que, para para el grupo de nivel bajo, la densidad de la población fue el factor explicativo de las diferencias en la presentación de la enfermedad. Conclusión: la población a ser priorizada en esta ciudad corresponde a aquellas zonas con mayor densidad poblacional y donde se incrementa la movilidad. El análisis territorial a pequeña escala genera información para la construcción de política local, ante una crisis sanitaria, que la hace más eficaz.(AU)

Justificativa e Objetivos: o presente estudo foi realizado na cidade de Rivera, localizada no norte do Uruguai, na fronteira com o Brasil. A doença progrediu lentamente durante 2020, com surtos subsequentes seguidos por um rápido aumento na incidência. O objetivo foi explorar a relação entre a distribuição espacial dos casos de COVID-19 em uma cidade binacional e variáveis como nível socioeconômico, densidade populacional e padrões de mobilidade, com o objetivo de informar políticas públicas. Métodos: estudo exploratório foi realizado entre agosto de 2020 e janeiro de 2021 com dados do Ministério da Saúde. As variáveis explicativas incluíram densidade populacional, nível socioeconômico e mobilidade. Três períodos distintos de 2020 a 2021 foram identificados. Autocorrelação espacial foi analisada com o Índice de Moran e a estatística Gi* (Getis & Ord). Utilizando a análise de cluster hierárquico, foi possível identificar grupos homogêneos de segmentos censitários. Resultados: um total de 1.846 casos foi georreferenciado. Através da análise de cluster hierárquico, sete grupos homogêneos foram identificados. A mobilidade foi encontrada como explicativa para a incidência de casos no grupo de alto nível socioeconômico, enquanto a densidade populacional explicou as diferenças observadas no grupo de baixo nível socioeconômico. Conclusão: nessa cidade, as populações a serem priorizadas são aquelas que residem em áreas com maior densidade populacional e maior mobilidade. Essa análise territorial em pequena escala fornece informações valiosas para o desenvolvimento de políticas locais destinadas a lidar com crises de saúde.(AU)

Mechanism of HMGB1 in scarring after glaucoma drainage valve implantation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the dynamic expression of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)in scar tissues after glaucoma drainage valve implantation, and to further reveal the role and possible mechanism of HMGB1 in scarring after glaucoma surgery.METHODS: A total of 60 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into control group(n=20), model group(n=20, silicone implantation under conjunctival sac)and model with drug administration group(n=20, silicone implantation under conjunctival sac combined with 5-fluorouracil injection). The conjunctival tissues were collected at 4 and 8 wk after surgery. HE staining and Masson staining were used to detect the proliferation and distribution of fibroblasts and collagen fibers in conjunctival tissues. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to detect the distribution and changes of HMGB1, transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1, Smad3 and α-smooth muscle actin(SMA)in conjunctival tissues. RT-PCR and Western blot were adopted to detect the mRNA and protein expression of HMGB1, TGF-β1, Smad3 and α-SMA in conjunctival tissues.RESULTS: HE staining and Masson staining showed that the proliferation of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and collagen fibers in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group at both 4 and 8 wk. Meanwhile, the proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen fibers in the model with drug administration group was significantly lower than that in the model group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of HMGB1, TGF-β1, Smad3 and α-SMA protein was observed in the conjunctival tissues of the model group both 4 and 8 wk, with brown and significantly deeper staining of the model group at 8 wk. Meanwhile, the positive staining in the model with drug administration group at both 4 and 8 wk was significantly lower than that in the model group. There was positive correlations between the number of fibroblasts stained with HE and the expression of HMGB1 in the conjunctival tissue of the model group at both 4 and 8 wk(r=0.602, 0.703, all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). RT-PCR and Western blot revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of HMGB1, TGF-β1, Smad3 and α-SMA in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group at both 4 and 8 wk(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein expression levels of HMGB1, TGF-β1, Smad3 and α-SMA in the model with drug administration group were significantly lower than those in the model group(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). There was positive correlations between mRNA expressions of HMGB1 and TGF-β1, Smad3 in the model group and the model with drug administration group(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of HMGB1 increased at a time-dependent manner after glaucoma valve implantation. HMGB1 acts an indispensable role in the initiation and progression of scar formation after glaucoma surgery, which may be involved in the regulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

Improvement effects of glycyrrhizin on Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis in rats and its mechanism / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effects of glycyrrhizin （GL） on Helicobacter pylori （HP）-associated gastritis in rats and its mechanism. METHODS HP-associated gastritis rat model was induced by inoculating with 1×109 cfu/mL HP. The model rats were randomly divided into model group， positive control group （HP standard quadruple group）， GL low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （5， 20， 50 mg/kg）， with 12 rats in each group. Another 12 healthy rats were selected as normal control group. Except the normal control group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically， the other groups were given corresponding drugs intragastrically， once a day， for 30 consecutive days. After administration， rats received 13C urea breath test， and delta-over-baseline （DOB） was recorded； the pathological and cellular morphological changes of gastric mucosa in rats were observed， and pathological scoring was performed； the levels of interleukin-8 （IL-8）， IL-1β， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， reactive oxygen species （ROS） and malondialdehyde （MDA） were detected in gastric mucosa of rats； mRNA expressions of high mobility group box-1 protein （HMGB1） and nuclear factor-κ-B （NF-κB）， relative expressions of nitric oxide synthases （iNOS） and HMGB1， the phosphorylation level of NF- κBp65 were also detected in rats. RESULTS Compared with normal control group， the DOB value， histopathological score of gastric mucosa， the levels of IL-8， IL-1β， TNF-α， ROS and MDA， relative expressions of HMGB1 and NF- κB mRNA， relative expressions of iNOS and HMGB1 protein and the phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 were all increased significantly in model group （P＜0.05）； the epithelial cells of gastric mucosa in rats were incomplete in structure and decreased in the number， with an increase in cell fragments and vacuoles， and significant cell pyknosis. Compared with model group， the changes of the above indexes in GL groups and positive control group were significantly reversed （P＜0.05）； the changes in the above indicators in the GL high-dose group were more significant than GL low-dose and medium-dose groups （P＜0.05）； the pathological changes of gastric mucosal cells in rats had all improved. CONCLUSIONS GL may inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting the activation of HMGB1/NF-κB pathway， thus relieving HP-induced gastric mucosal injury.

HMGB1 gene knockout alleviates acute lung injury of sepsis mice via inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective To study the effect of high mobility group box B1(HMGB1)gene knockout on alleviating a-cute lung injury and inhibiting toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-KB(NF-κB)pathway of sepsis mice.Methods Wild-type(WT)mice were divided into WT-Sham group and WT-model group,and HMGB1 knockout(KO)mice were divided into KO-sham group and KO-model group.Sepsis ALI model was established by cecal ligation and perforation in WT-model group and KO-model group.Sham operation was performed in WT-Sham group and KO-Sham group.24 h after modeling,the partial pressure of arterial oxygen(PaO2)was detected,oxy-genation index(OI)was calculated,pathological changes of lung tissue were detected and lung injury score was calculated,the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β),interleukin-6(IL-6),reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),in serum and lung tissues and the expression of HMGB1,TLR4 and nuclear NF-κB in lung tissues were detected.Results The PaO2,OI and the concentration of SOD in serum and lung tissue of WT-model group were lower than those of WT-Sham group,the lung injury scores,the concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1 β,IL-6,ROS and MDA in serum and lung tissue,and the expression levels of HMGB1,TLR4 and nuclear NF-κB in lung tissue were higher than those in WT-Sham group(P＜0.05).HMGB1 was not expressed in lung tissue of KO-model group,and the concentrations of PaO2,OI and the concentration of SOD in serum and lung tissue of KO-model group were higher than those of WT-model group,the lung injury scores,the concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,ROS and MDA in serum and lung tissue,and the expression levels of TLR4 and nuclear NF-κB in lung tissue were lower than those of the WT-model group(P＜0.05).Conclusion HMGB1 gene knockout alleviates acute lung injury of sepsis mice,the re-lated molecular mechanism may be the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway mediated inflammation and oxidative stress.

Inhibitory effect of downregulating HMGB2 expression on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of liver cancer LM3 cells and its AKT/m TOR signaling pathway mechanism / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To discuss the effect of downregulating of high mobility group box protein 2(HMGB2)expression on the biological behavior of the liver cancer cells and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)process,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:The human liver cancer LM3 cells at logarithmic growth phase were divided into negative control group and HMGB2 RNA interference group(HMGB2 siRNA group);the cells in two groups were transfected with RNA oligonucleotides(RNA oligos)with irrelevant sequences and RNA oligos designed to knock down HMGB2,and the Lipofectamine 2000 was regarded as the vector.The expression levels of HMGB2 mRNA and protein in the cells in two groups were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting methods;cell scratch assay and Transwell chamber assay were used to detect the migration and invasion abilities of the cells in two groups;the expression levels of E-cadherin,N-cadherin,and Vimentin proteins and protein kinase B(AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway related proteins in the cells in two groups were detected by Western blotting method.Results:Compared with negative control group,the expression levels of HMGB2 mRNA and protein in the cells in HMGB2 siRNA group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),the cell scratch healing rate was significantly decreased(P<0.01),the number of invasion cells was significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the expression level of E-cadherin protein in the cells was significantly increased(P<0.01),while the expression levels of N-cadherin,Vimentin,mTOR,AKT,and phosphorylated AKT(p-AKT)proteins in the cells were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:Downregulating the expression of HMGB2 can reduce the migration and invasion abilities of the liver cancer LM3 cells and inhibit the EMT,and its mechanism may be related to regulating the expression of the AKT/mTOR pathway related proteins.

Structure Study of Proton Tautomers Based on Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry and Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Calculations / 分析化学

Investigating the structural characteristics of proton tautomers is of great significance for understanding organic reactions and biochemical processes.In this study,a method based on ion mobility mass spectrometry combined with ab initio molecular dynamics calculations was proposed.The structures of proton tautomers were determined by comparing the experimental and theoretical collision-induced dissociation(CID)mass spectrograms of different proton tautomers.Ion mobility mass spectrometry was used to separate proton tautomerism produced during ionization.The CID mass spectra of each isomer could be obtained after mobility separation.The quantum chemical mass spectrometry(QCXMS)program based on ab initio molecular dynamics calculations was used to calculate the fragmentation process and obtain the theoretical CID mass spectra.The results of experiment and calculation showed that this method effectively solved the issue of difficult identification of proton tautomers.This method was also of great significance for the study of ionization mechanism and organic reaction process using mass spectrometry.

miR-142-3p inhibits cerulein-induced apoptosis of rat pancreatic exocrine cell line AR42J by regulating Hmgb1 / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-142-3p on the apoptosis of rat pancreatic exocrine cell line AR42J by regulating Hmgb1.Methods AR42J cells were divided into blank group(blank),acute pancreatitis model group(AP,100 nmol/L cerulein for 24 h),and then transfected with miR-142-3p mimics,mimics NC,miR-142-3p inhibitor and inhibitor NC,respectively.The cells in the model group were recorded as miR-142-3p mimics group,mimics NC group,miR-142-3p inhibitor group and inhibitor NC.The expression of miR-142-3p in cells was detected by RT-qPCR.The protein expressions of HMGB1,caspase-3,Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot.Hoechst staining was used to determine cell apoptosis.The apoptosis rate of cells was detected by flow cytometry.The targeting relationship between miR-142-3p and Hmgb1 was determined by dual luciferase reporter gene assay.Results Compared with blank control group,the expression level of miR-142-3p in the AP group was significantly down-regulated(P＜0.01),the expression level of HMGB1 and caspase-3 proteins was up-regulated(P＜0.05),the expression level of Bax protein was significantly up-regulated(P＜0.01),the expression level of Bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased(P＜0.01)and the apoptosis rate increased significantly(P＜0.01).Compared with the mimics NC group,the level of miR-142-3p in the miR-142-3p mimics group was significantly up-regulated(P＜0.01),the expression of HMGB,caspase-3 and Bax proteins was significantly down-regulated(P＜0.01),the expression of Bcl-2 protein was up-regulated(P＜0.05),and the apoptosis rate decreased signifi-cantly(P＜0.01).Compared with inhibitor NC group,the expression level of miR-142-3p in miR-142-3p inhibitor group was down-regulated(P＜0.05),the expression levels of HMGB1,caspase-3 and Bax proteins were signifi-cantly up-regulated(P＜0.01),the expression level of Bcl-2 protein was decreased(P＜0.05)and the apoptosis rate increased significantly(P＜0.01).The dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that Hmgb1 was the target gene of miR-142-3p.Conclusions 1)The expression of miR-142-3p was low in the model group.2)miR-142-3p can inhibit the apoptosis of AR42J cells by inhibiting the expression of Hmgb1.

CT-guided pulsed radiofrequency combined with continuous nerve block for the treatment of refractory postherpetic neuralgia:a clinical study / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of CT-guided pulsed radiofrequency combined with continuous nerve block in the treatment of refractory postherpetic neuralgia(PHN).Methods A total of 208 patients with refractory PHN,who were admitted to the Hengshui Municipal People's Hospital of China between January 2021 and January 2023,were selected as the subjects of study.Using random number table method,the patients were divided into combination group and control group,with 104 patients in each group.The patients of control group received CT-guided pulsed radiofrequency therapy,and the patients of combination group received additional continuous nerve block therapy on the basis of the treatment of control group.The pain degree at different time point,clinical effective rate,number of analgesia remedy times,quality of sleep,and the levels of serum high mobility group box 1(HMGB1),interleukin-1 β(IL-1β)and interleukin-10(IL-10)were compared between the two groups.Results During the follow-up period,4 patients were lost in touch.Finally,103 patients were included in the combination group and 101 patients were included in the control group.The total treatment response rate in the combination group was 89.32％,which was significantly higher than 78.22％in the control group(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in visual analogue scale(V AS)scores and Athens insomnia scale(AIS)scores including the time effect,inter-group effect and time-group interaction effect,between the two groups(P＜0.05).The postoperative one-week,2-week,4-week VAS scores and AIS scores in the combination group were remarkably lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The number of analgesia remedy times in the combination group was smaller than that in the control group,and the used dosage of tramadol in the combination group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Four weeks after treatment,the serum levels of HMGB1,IL-1β and IL-10 in the combination group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion For the treatment of refractory PHN,CT-guided pulsed radiofrequency combined with continuous nerve block can effectively alleviate neural inflammatory damage,and improve pain symptoms and sleep quality,besides,its analgesic effect and clinical efficacy are superior to CT-guided pulsed radiofrequency alone.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:264-268)

Prospective Clinical Study of Combined Treatment of Periodontal Orthodontics for Chronic Periodontitis / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the effect of dynamic monitoring of occlusal force on the final therapeutic effect and the change of periodontal supporting tissue during combined periodontal orthodontic treatment.Methods The periodontal clinical index of 20 patients with traditional periodontal orthodontic treatment and 20 patients with combined periodontal orthodontic treatment assisted by T-Scan Ⅲ and Anycheck digital occlusion analysis system were compared before,during and after treatment,as well as the changes of bite force,bite time and tooth mobility in the experimental group.Results The depth of periodontal pocket(PD),loss of attachment(AL),bleeding index(BI)and tooth looseness were significantly reduced after combined periodontal orthodontic treatment in both groups.In the control group,the percentage of anterior and posterior biting force changed obviously,and the occlusion force balance was improved.Conclusion The combined treatment of periodontitis and orthodontics can improve the periodontal tissue of patients with periodontitis,and T-Scan system can observe and guide the adjustment of occlusal and better achieve occlusion force balance.

The expression of serum procalcitonin,pentraxin 3 and high mobility group protein B1 in children after open gastrointestinal surgery and its value in predicting early infection / 临床外科杂志

Objectiv To analyze the expression of serum procalcitonin(PCT),pentraxin 3(PTX3)and high mobility group protein B1(HMGB-1)in children after open gastrointestinal surgery and their application value in early infection prediction.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 206 children with open gastrointestinal surgery admitted to the hospital from January 2020 to January 2023.They were divided into infection group(27 case)and non-infection group(179 case)according to whether they had postoperative infection.The levels of serum PCT,PTX3 and HMGB-1 before operation,1 d and 3 d after operation were compared between the two groups.The predictive value of single and combined detection of serum indexes 1 d and 3 d after operation for postoperative infection in children with open gastrointestinal surgery was observed.The influencing factors of postoperative infection were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.Results The levels of serum PCT,PTX3 and HMGB-1 in the infection group were(2.42±0.39)μg/L,(3.74±0.53)pg/L,(2.07±0.66)p,g/L,(3.06±0.75)μg/L,(18.35±2.74)μg/L,and(26.09±4.16)μg/L at 1 d and 3 d after operation,which were higher than those in the non-infection group(1.71±0.35)pg/L,(2.29±0.36)μg/L,(1.48±0.52)μg/L,(1.73±0.59)pg/L,(13.04±2.26)μg/L,and(15.75±2.83)pg/L(P＜0.05).Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of combined detection of serum PCT,PTX3 and HMGB-1 in predicting postoperative infection in children with open gastrointestinal surgery was the largest(0.989)at 3 days after operation;Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age was an independent protective factor for postoperative infection in children,and Intraoperative blood loss,operation time,serum PCT,PTX3 and HMGB-1 at 1 d and 3 d after operation were independent risk factors(P＜0.05);The levels of serum PCT,PTX3 and HMGB-1 in children with moderate to severe infection were(2.63±0.34)μg/L,(4.12±0.56)μg/L,(2.31±0.69)μg/L,(3.39±0.81)μg/L,(19.86 ±2.91)pg/L,and(28.84±4.40)μg/L at 1 d and 3 d after operation,which were higher than those in children with mild infection(2.11±0.28)μg/L,(3.19±0.49)μg/L,(1.72±0.60)μg/L,(2.58± 0.73)μg/L,(16.15±2.39)μg/L,and(22.09±3.96)pg/L(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of serum PCT,PTX3 and HMGB-1 in children after open gastrointestinal surgery was significantly increased,and its expression was related to early postoperative infection and the severity of infection,and the combined predictive value of the three was higher,which could provide reference for early infection prediction.

Correlation of serum RAGE and HMGB1 expression with the occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in patients with severe pneumonia / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the correlation between the expression level of serum Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Product(RAGE)and High-Mobility Group Protein B1(HMGB1)expression with the occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)and interferon-γ/interleukin-4(IFN-γ/IL-4)ratio in patients with severe pneumonia(SP).Methods A prospective investigation was carried out on one hundred children with SP admitted to our hospital from March 2020 to February 2022,and the participants were classified into ARDS group(n = 56)and control group(n = 44)based on the occurrence of secondary ARDS.General informations werec-ollected.The expression of RAGE,HMGB1,IFN-γ and IL-4 in peripheral blood was measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA).Then multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to screen the influencing factors of secondary ARDS in SP children,and the correlation with IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was verified by pearson correla-tion analysis,moreover,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to evaluate the value of RAGE and HMGB1 expression in predicting the occurrence of ARDS in SP children.Results There were no statistical difference in gender,age,body temperature and onset season between the two SP groups.The ARDS group had more types of pathogenic bacteria,larger ratio of the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to the inspired oxygen fraction(PaO2/FiO2),higher Acute Physiological Score(APS),and up-regulated expression of RAGE,HMGB1,IFN-γ and IL-4,as well as larger IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio than those of control group,with statistical difference(all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that pathogen type,PaO2/FiO2 ratio,RAGE,HMGB1,IFN-γ,IL-4 and IFN-γ/IL-4 were the influencing factors for the occurrence of ARDS in children with SP.Pearson correlation test denoted that the serum RAGE and HMGB1 expression levels of SP children were positively correlated with IFN-γ,IL-4 and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio(P<0.05).ROC curve found that the AUC of serum RAGE and HMGB1 in predicting the occurrence of ARDS in SP children was 0.707 and 0.750,with a sensitivity of 73.2%and 64.3%,and a specificity of 68.2%and 77.3%.The combined test of RAGE and HMGB1 in predicting the occurrence of ARDS in SP children reached an AUC of 0.848,providing a sensitivity and specificity of 80.4%and 81.8%respectively.Conclusions Serum RAGE and HMGB1 expression levels are elevated in SP children with ARDS,and the two are positively correlated with IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio.Therefore,monitoring serum RAGE and HMGB1 expression in children with ARDS secondary to SP has predictive value for the risk of ARDS in SP children.

Clinical effect of procaterol hydrochloride combined with Xiaokechuan capsule in the treatment of cough variant asthma and its impact on serological indicators and airway function of children / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To explore the clinical effect of procaterol hydrochloride combined with Xiaokechuan capsule in the treatment of cough variant asthma(CVA)and its impact on serological indicators,airway function of children.Methods A total of 124 children with CVA admitted to the Zigong First People's Hospital from March 2019 to April 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The children were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table method,with 62 cases in each group.The children in the control group were treated with procaterol hydrochloride,and the children in the observation group were treated with procaterol hydrochloride and Xiaokechuan capsule for two weeks.The clinical efficacy of children was compared between the two groups after treatment.The cough scores during the day and night of children were evaluated in the two groups before and 2 weeks after treatment.The serum high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1),Toll like receptor 4(TLR4),nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),interleukin-4(IL-4),interferon-γ(INF-γ)levels of children in the two groups were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay before and 2 weeks after treatment,and the ratio of INF-γ/IL-was calculated.The 25％maximal expiratory flow-volume(MEF25),50％maximal expiratory flow-volume(MEF50),75％maximal expiratory flow-volume(MEF75)of children in the two groups were measured by lung function detector before and 2 weeks after treatment.The adverse reactions of children in the two groups were recorded during treatment.Results The total effective rate of children in the control group and observation group was 82.26％(51/62)and 95.16％(59/62),respectively;the total effective rate of children in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in cough scores during the day and night of children between the two groups before treatment(P＞0.05);the cough scores during the day and night of children after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment in the two groups(P＜0.05);after treatment,the cough scores during the day and night of children in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in serum HMGB1,TLR4,NF-κB levels of children between the two groups before treatment(P＞0.05);the serum HMGB1,TLR4,NF-κB levels of children after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment in the two groups(P＜0.05);after treatment,the serum levels of HMGB1,TLR4,and NF-κB of children in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in MEF25,MEF50,and MEF75 of children between the two groups before treatment(P＞0.05);the MEF25,MEF50,and MEF75 of children after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment in the two groups(P＜0.05);after treatment,the MEF25,MEF50,and MEF75 of children in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in serum IL-4,INF-γ levels and the ratio of INF-γ/IL-4 of children between the two groups before treatment(P＞0.05);the serum IL-4 level of children after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment,the INF-γ level and the ratio of INF-γ/IL-4 were significantly higher than those before treatment in the two groups(P＜0.05);after treatment,the serum IL-4 level of children in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,the INF-γ level and the ratio of INF-γ/IL-4 were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).All children had good drug tolerance during the treatment period,and no significant adverse drug reactions were observed.Conclusion The combination of Xiaokechuan capsules and procaterol hydrochloride has a significant therapeutic effect for pediatric CVA,and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signal pathway.

Bushen Yugu Formula （补肾愈骨方） for Postoperative Functional Rehabilitation of Patients with Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability with Syndrome of Liver-Kidney Insufficiency and Sinews-Vessels Deprived of Nourishment：A Retrospective Cohort Study / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness and safety of Bushen Yugu Formula （补肾愈骨方） promoting postoperative functional rehabilitation of patients with chronic lateral ankle instability （CLAI） with syndrome of liver-kidney insufficiency and sinews-vessels deprived of nourishment. MethodsClinical data were retrospectively collected from 40 patients with CLAI with syndrome of liver-kidney insufficiency and sinews-vessels deprived of nou-rishment who underwent external ankle ligament repair surgery. They were divided into 20 cases each in the treatment group and control group according to whether or not they took Bushen Yugu Formula； patients in the control group underwent postoperative functional rehabilitation， while patients in the treatment group took Bushen Yugu Formula in the 3rd and 4th postoperative weeks combined with the rehabilitation. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society （AOFAS） scores， the flexion/extension and internal/external rotation， the imaging scores of the ankle joint on the operated side and the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores were recorded in the preoperative and 3-month postoperative， respectively. The patients' liver and kidney functions were tested in the preoperative and 4-month postoperative， and adverse events during treatment were recorded. ResultsCompared with the preoperative period， the AOFAS scores were higher and the TCM syndrome scores were lower in both groups 3 months after surgery （P＜0.01）， and the ankle internal and external rotation mobility and imaging scores were higher in the treatment group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and ankle flexion/extension mobility was lower in the control group （P＜0.05）. At 3 months after surgery， the AOFAS score was higher in the treatment group than in the control group， and the TCM syndrome score was lower than in the control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Two cases of gastrointestinal reactions were reported in the treatment group， which relieved on their own after stopping the formula， and no abnormality was observed in liver and kidney function indexes. ConclusionBushen Yugu Formula can promote functional rehabilitation of ankle joint and improve clinical symptoms in CLAI patients with syndrome of liver-kidney insufficiency and sinews-vessels deprived of nourishment， and it shows a good safety.

Investigation of the hydromechanical threshold of high-mobility group box 1 release from synovial cells and chondrocytes / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the effect of fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) on the fluid mechanic threshold of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release by synovial cells and chondrocytes. Moreover, the mechanism of chondrocyte and synovial cell damage induced by abnormal mechanical force was investigated to provide an experimental basis for exploring the pathogenesis and pathology of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.@*Methods@#With the approval of the Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments of the hospital, synovial tissue and cartilage tissue blocks were obtained from the knee joints of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and synovial cells and chondrocytes were cultured and digested for subsequent experiments. Synovial cells and chondrocytes of 3-4 generations were acquired, and FFSS was applied to synovial and cartilage cells using a fluid shear mechanical device. The cells were divided according to the FFSS values of different sizes. Synovial cells were stimulated for 1 h with 1, 3, 5, or 10 dyn/cm2 of FFSS, and chondrocytes were stimulated for 1 h with 4, 8, 12, or 16 dyn/cm2 of FFSS. Resting cultures (0 dyn/cm2) were used as the control group. Changes in the morphology of the cells were observed. The expression and distribution of HMGB1 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were observed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of HMGB1 and IL-1β in the supernatant was analyzed by ELISA. The protein expression levels of intracellular HMGB1 and IL-1β were detected by Western blot.@*Results@#With increasing FFSS, the synovial cells and chondrocytes gradually swelled and ruptured, and the number of cells decreased. With increasing FFSS, the localizationof HMGB1 and IL-1β gradually shifted from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In synovial cells, compared with those in the control group, the expression levels of HMGB1 and IL-1β were increased both in the supernatant and cells in the 1, 3, 5 and 10 dyn/cm2 intervention groups (P<0.01). In chondrocytes, compared with those in the control group, the expression levels of HMGB1 in the supernatant were increased in the 4, 12 and 16 dyn/cm2 intervention groups (P<0.05), and the protein expression levels of HMGB1 were significantly increased (P<0.01). The expression levels of HMGB1 in the supernatant were significantly increased in the 8 dyn/cm2 intervention groups (P<0.01); however, the protein expression levels of HMGB1 were significantly decreased. Compared with those in the control group, the expression levels of IL-1β in the supernatant gradually increased in the 4, 8, 12 and 16 dyn/cm2 intervention groups (P<0.01). With the exception of those in the 4 dyn/cm2 group, the protein expression levels of IL-1β gradually increased with increasing FFSS (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#With increasing FFSS, synovial cells and chondrocytes gradually swelled and burst, and the hydromechanical thresholds of HMGB1 release were 1 dyn/cm2 and 8 dyn/cm2, respectively. Therefore, upon stimulation with a mechanical force, synovial damage was damaged before chondrocytes.

Effect of miR-141-3p targeting HMGB1 on LPS-induced A549 cell injury / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @#To investigate the effect of miR-141-3p on LPS induced A549 cell injury by targeting high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) ．@*Methods @#A549 cells derived from type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells were taken as the study object，miR-141-3p mimics，mimics NC，HMGB1 gene overexpression plasmid (pcDNA3. 1-HMGB1) and empty Vector were transfected into A549 cells respectively or co-transfected，then 10 μg / ml LPS was used for 24 h．Cell proliferation activity was detected by cell counting kit-8 ( CCK-8) ．The activity of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) in the supernatant of cell culture was detected by colorimetry．The apoptosis level of each group was detec- ted by flow cytometry．The levels of interleukin (IL) -1 β , IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) ．Dual luciferase reporter gene assay verified the targeted regulatory relationship between miR-141-3p and HMGB1 . @*Results @#After treatment with LPS ，the proliferative activity of A549 cells and the expression level of miR-141-3p decreased ( P ＜0. 05 ) ，the apoptosis rate increased ( P < 0. 05) ，the levels of IL-1 β , IL-6，TNF-α and the activity of LDH in supernatant increased (P＜0. 05) ．Overex- pression of miR-141-3p increased the proliferation activity of A549 cells treated with LPS (P ＜0. 05 ) ，and de- creased the apoptosis rate and the levels of IL-1 β , IL-6，TNF-α in cells and LDH activity in supernatant (P < 0. 05) ．However，overexpression of HMGB1 gene could reverse the ameliorative effect of miR-141-3p on LPS-in- duced A549 cell injury．Dual luciferase reporter gene experiment confirmed that HMGB1 was the downstream target gene of miR-141-3p．@*Conclusion @# miR-141-3p can inhibit LPS-induced apoptosis，reduce the expression level of inflammatory factors，and improve the damage of A549 cells，which may be related to the targeted regulation of HMGB1 expression.

Impacts of andrographolide on sciatic nerve function damage in diabetic peripheral neuropathy rats by regulating HMGB1/RAGE signaling pathway / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the impacts of andrographolide on sciatic nerve function injury in diabetic peripheral neuropathy （DPN） rats by regulating high-mobility group protein box 1 （HMGB1）/receptor for advanced glycation end products （RAGE） signal pathway. METHODS A total of 84 rats were randomly divided into the control group （normal saline）， DPN group （normal saline）， low-dose andrographolide group （0.833 mg/kg）， high-dose andrographolide group （3.332 mg/kg）， lipoic acid group （positive control， 0.1 g/kg）， recombinant rat HMGB1 protein （rHMGB1） group （8 μg/kg）， and high-dose andrographolide+ rHMGB1 group， with 12 rats in each group. All rats except those in the control group were fed with high glucose and high fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin to establish the DPN rat model. After 24 hours of successful modeling， medication was administered daily for 8 weeks. The changes in fasting blood glucose， mechanical pain threshold， heat pain threshold and sciatic nerve conduction velocity were detected. Pathological changes in the sciatic nerve of rats and the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in the sciatic nerve of rats were also detected. Besides， the expressions of HMGB1， RAGE proteins and phosphorylation level of nuclear factor κB p65（NF-κB p65） protein in rat sciatic nerves were found. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the pathological damage of the sciatic nerve of rats in the DPN group was strengthened， the fasting blood glucose， heat pain threshold， MDA content and the 诊治。E-mail：dqiaur@163.com expressions of HMGB1， RAGE proteins and phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 protein were increased （P＜0.05）， while the mechanical pain threshold， sensory nerve conduction velocity， motor nerve conduction velocity， and SOD activity were decreased/slowed down （P＜0.05）. Compared with the DPN group， the above indexes were significantly potentiated in the andrographolide low- and high-dose groups and lipoic acid group （P＜0.05）， and the corresponding trends in the rHMGB1 group were opposite to those in the above three administration groups （P＜0.05）. Moreover， rHMGB1 attenuated the hypoglycemic effect of high-dose andrographolide on blood glucose and the improvement of oxidative stress injury in the sciatic nerve of DPN rats （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Andrographolide may reduce blood glucose by inhibiting the HMGB1/RAGE pathway and oxidative stress， thus ameliorating sciatic nerve injury in DPN rats.