Unmet need for family planning of married women in rural areas of Kalaburagi: an application of multiple logistic regression model

Background: Unmet need for family planning, which refers to the condition in which there is the desire to avoid or post-pone child bearing, without the use of any means of contraception, has been a core concept in the field of international population. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting for unmet need for family planning among married women in the age group of 15-49 years of rural areas of Kalaburagi. By multiple logistic regression model and stepwise forward logistic regression model to estimate the parameters of the model, odds ratios and log likelihood values are computed. Testing of hypothesis of goodness of fit of the model is carried out by Hosmer and Lemeshow test.Methods: 600 married women in the age group of 15-49 years were the study participants who were selected randomly from the 7 taluks of rural areas by using multistage sampling techniques.Results: Total of 26 explanatory variables are included in the model, in which only 5 explanatory variables (19.00%) are found to be significant regression coefficients i.e., education of married women, abortion, physical deformities baby, ideal gap between children, contraceptive used in past normal level of significance (p<0.05).Conclusions: The test statistic of all five models, only model 4 and model 5 fit well with response variable for the rural sample data.

Developing the High-Risk Drinking Scorecard Model in Korea

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop a high-risk drinking scorecard using cross-sectional data from the 2014 Korea Community Health Survey. METHODS: Data were collected from records for 149,592 subjects who had participated in the Korea Community Health Survey conducted from 2014. The scorecard model was developed using data mining, a scorecard and points to double the odds approach for weighted multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: This study found that there were many major influencing factors for high-risk drinkers which included gender, age, educational level, occupation, whether they received health check-ups, depressive symptoms, over-moderate physical activity, mental stress, smoking status, obese status, and regular breakfast. Men in their thirties to fifties had a high risk of being a drinker and the risks in office workers and sales workers were high. Those individuals who were current smokers had a higher risk of drinking. In the scorecard results, the highest score range was observed for gender, age, educational level, and smoking status, suggesting that these were the most important risk factors. CONCLUSION: A credit risk scorecard system can be applied to quantify the scoring method, not only to help the medical service provider to understand the meaning, but also to help the general public to understand the danger of high-risk drinking more easily.

The situation and associated factors of satisfaction with follow-up management of HIV/AIDS cases conducted by Community Health Service Center in Hongkou district of Shanghai / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To analyze satisfaction with follow-up management of HIV/AIDS cases conducted by Community Health Service Center (CHS) and related factors in Hongkou district, Shanghai.@*Methods@#Out of 302 HIV/AIDS cases followed up by CHS in Hongkou district from 2012 to 2016, 263 HIV/AIDS cases were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional study assessed by self-designed questionnaire-based interview during October 1, 2016 and October 20, 2016, with efficiency of 87.1%. Information of basic characteristics including sociodemographic, routes of infection, CD4+T cell counts, diagnose of AIDS and status of receiving ART were collected, as well as satisfaction with follow-up management conducted by CHS including service professionalism, service attitude, service environment, referral service, privacy protection, health education, psychological support, and care and assistance. Factors related to satisfaction were analyzed using multiple binary logistic regression.@*Results@#Among 263 HIV/AIDS cases, the average age was 42.0±13.5, 93.2% (245 cases) were male and the proportion of overall satisfaction was 72.2% (190 cases). Out of 8 items of satisfaction, service attitude and health education got the highest score with a total number of 235 (89.4%) answering "very satisfied" or "satisfied" , while care and assistance got the lowest score with a total number of 69 (26.2%) answering "dissatisfied" or "very dissatisfied" . Compared to HIV/AIDS local residents and followed up by CHS <12 months, those who were non-local residents and followed up by CHS ≥12 months were more likely to be satisfied, the OR (95%CI) were 2.66 (1.30-5.44) and 2.52 (1.01-6.29), respectively. Compared to HIV/AIDS ≤30 years old and receiving ART, those who were 31-50 years or >50 years old and not receiving ART were less likely to be satisfied, the OR (95%CI) were 0.36 (0.15-0.89), 0.32 (0.10-0.97) and 0.11 (0.01-0.90), respectively.@*Conclusion@#Satisfaction with follow-up management conducted by CHS in Hongkou district is relatively high. Age, residence, status of receiving ART and cumulative time of following up by CHS are significantly associated with satisfaction, suggesting that CHS should improve their professional abilities during follow-up management, as well as be more targeted and focus on different aspects.

Depressive symptoms and related factors among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Shanghai / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and related factors among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shanghai.Methods All of the HIV-positive MSM were enrolled to participate in a cross-sectional study with questionnaire-based interview during Nov.,2014 to Nov.,2015.Depression was measured with a 12-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D),where a score of 9 had been recommended as the cutoff score to indicate possible depressive symptoms.Results A total of 505 participants were recruited with a median age of 30.Among them,the majority were aged 21-44 (77.2％),non-local resident (64.6％),unmarried (73.1 ％) and university graduate or above (62.1 ％).Depressive symptoms were detected from 235 MSM and the prevalence of depression was 46.5 ％.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that MSM who were non-local residents (OR =1.66,95 ％ CI:1.01-2.49)and had more than one male sex partner in the past year (OR=2.21,95％ CI:1.43-3.41) were more likely to have depressive symptoms compared with local residents and had only one male sex partner or less.On the contrary,compared with the education level of junior middle school or below and having no long-term partners,those who were senior high school educated (OR=0.39,95％ CI:0.21-0.74) and had homosexual behavior with main long-term partners without condoms (OR =0.38,95 ％ CI:0.17-0.85) had lower risk to be depressive.Conelusions The prevalence of depressive symptoms among HIV-infected MSM is high.Residence,education level,homosexual behavior with main long-term partner and number of male sex partner are significantly associated with depressive symptoms,suggesting psychological interventions should be further explored and studied.

Maternal Socio-demographic Factors and Nutritional Status as Predictors of Caesarean Delivery at Hospitals in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh

Introduction: A caesarean delivery is a major surgery with risks of severe bleeding, scarring, infections, reactions to anesthesia and long-lasting pain. The aim of the study was to determine the predictors of caesarean delivery at hospitals in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh. Methods: Data was collected from 194 women who delivered at three private and one public hospital maternity wards in Rajshahi city between January and March 2013. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic background of the mothers. Body mass index was computed to determine overweight and underweight status of the women. Results: The prevalence of caesarean delivery at the hospitals studied was 77.3%. Socio-demographic factors and nutrition status that were significantly associated with the type of birth delivery were considered as independent variables in a logistic regression model. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that older women (age z 25 year) were more likely to undergo caesarean delivery than younger women. Women with higher education were more likely to have caesarean delivery as compared to women without formal schooling. Overweight women had a higher likelihood of caesarean delivery than women with normal weight and underweight. Conclusion: The study recorded a high prevalence of caesarean deliveries at the hospitals in Rajshahi city. Age, educational level and BMI status of the women were associated with caesarian deliveries.

Relationship between the C-reactive protein and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the relationship between the C-reactive protein (CRP) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence.Methods In this study,63,486 workers who had participated in the Kailuan health examination from July 2012 to October 2013 and without history of drinking,myocardial infarction,stroke and cancer and without data incomplete were recruited.The observation population was divided into three groups according to the levels of CRP at baseline:group 1 (＜ 1 mg/L),group 2 (1-3 mg/ L) and group 3 (＞3 mg/L).The prevalence of NAFLD among three groups was observed.Multiple logistic regression was used to calculated relationship between the CRP and NAFLD prevalence.Results The prevalence of NAFLD in group 1,group 2 and group 3 were 26.9％,42.1％ and 49.3％,respectively,and the differences were significant (x2=2 192.31,P ＜ 0.01).Logistic model showed that after adjustment for age,gender,waist circumference and other confounders,the association between CRP and NAFLD was strong and the OR value (95％ CI) among the group 1,group 2 and group 3 were 1.00,1.49 (1.42-1.56),1.54 (1.45 -1.64),respectively.Conclusion CRP is independently associated with the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Identifying Predictors of Childhood Anaemia in North-East India.

The objective of this study is to examine the factors that influence the occurrence of childhood anaemia in North-East India by exploring dataset of the Reproductive and Child Health-II Survey (RCH-II). The study population consisted of 10,137 children in the age-group of 0-6 year(s) from North-East India to explore the predictors of childhood anaemia by means of different background characteristics, such as place of residence, religion, household standard of living, literacy of mother, total children ever born to a mother, age of mother at marriage. Prevalence of anaemia among children was taken as a polytomous variable. The predicted probabilities of anaemia were established via multinomial logistic regression model. These probabilities provided the degree of assessment of the contribution of predictors in the prevalence of childhood anaemia. The mean haemoglobin concentration in children aged 0-6 year(s) was found to be 11.85 g/dL, with a standard deviation of 5.61 g/dL. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that rural children were at greater risk of severe (OR=2.035; p=0.003) and moderate (OR=1.23; p=0.003) anaemia. All types of anaemia (severe, moderate, and mild) were more prevalent among Hindu children (OR=2.971; p=0.000), (OR=1.195; p=0.010), and (OR=1.201; p=0.011) than among children of other religions whereas moderate (OR=1.406; p=0.001) and mild (OR=1.857; p=0.000) anaemia were more prevalent among Muslim children. The fecundity of the mother was found to have significant effect on anaemia. Women with multiple children were prone to greater risk of anaemia. The multiple logistic regression analysis also confirmed that children of literate mothers were comparatively at lesser risk of severe anaemia. Mother’s age at marriage had a significant effect on anaemia of their children as well.

A Study to Validate the Pretest Probability of Malignancy in Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / 결핵및호흡기질환

BACKGROUND: Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) are encountered incidentally in 0.2% of patients who undergo chest X-ray or chest CT. Although SPN has malignant potential, it cannot be treated surgically by biopsy in all patients. The first stage is to determine if patients with SPN require periodic observation and biopsy or resection. An important early step in the management of patients with SPN is to estimate the clinical pretest probability of a malignancy. In every patient with SPN, it is recommended that clinicians estimate the pretest probability of a malignancy either qualitatively using clinical judgment or quantitatively using a validated model. This study examined whether Bayesian analysis or multiple logistic regression analysis is more predictive of the probability of a malignancy in SPN. METHODS: From January 2005 to December 2008, this study enrolled 63 participants with SPN at the Kangnam Sacred Hospital. The accuracy of Bayesian analysis and Bayesian analysis with a FDG-PET scan, and Multiple logistic regression analysis was compared retrospectively. The accurate probability of a malignancy in a patient was compared by taking the chest CT and pathology of SPN patients with <30 mm at CXR incidentally. RESULTS: From those participated in study, 27 people (42.9%) were classified as having a malignancy, and 36 people were benign. The result of the malignant estimation by Bayesian analysis was 0.779 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.657 to 0.874). Using Multiple logistic regression analysis, the result was 0.684 (95% CI, 0.555 to 0.796). This suggests that Bayesian analysis provides a more accurate examination than multiple logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Bayesian analysis is better than multiple logistic regression analysis in predicting the probability of a malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules but the difference was not statistically significant.

Status of Children's Breakfast Skipping and Their Mothers' Needs for Breakfast Service at Child Care Centers / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of children's breakfast skipping and their mothers' needs for breakfast service at child care centers. A survey was conducted with mothers of children aged 3 to 5 years and attending child care centers in Gwanak-gu, Seoul. Out of 960 questionnaires distributed to the caregivers at 32 child care centers, 633 were returned (66% response rate), and 449 were analyzed (47% analysis rate) after excluding data from the respondents not meeting the selection criteria for this study: mothers of children aged 3 to 5 years. Over 2/3 (69%) of children ate breakfast every weekday (Breakfast Eaters) and almost 1/3 (31%) of children skipped breakfast one time or more often on weekdays (Breakfast Skippers). The collected data were compared between Breakfast Eaters and Breakfast Skippers. The average Good Dietary Practice Score of Breakfast Skippers was significantly lower than that of Breakfast Eaters, implying poorer dietary habits. A higher percentage of mothers of Breakfast Skippers (62%) responded that breakfast service was 'necessary' or 'very necessary' at child care centers than those of Breakfast Eaters (27%). A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine factors affecting mothers' needs for breakfast service at child care centers. The result showed that the children's ages, mothers' occupational status, household monthly income, frequencies of eating breakfast on weekdays and satisfaction level with morning snack provided at child care centers affected mothers' needs for breakfast service at child care centers. In particular, mothers who had a full-time job (OR = 2.06) than housewives, mothers whose children did not eat breakfast at al (OR = 3.54), ate 1~2 times (OR = 5.50) or ate 3~4 times (OR = 3.80) on weekdays than those whose children ate breakfast every weekday were more likely to have needs for breakfast service at child care centers than housewives. In conclusion, Breakfast Skippers tended to have poorer dietary habits than Breakfast Eaters and Full-time working mothers had higher needs for breakfast service at child care centers. This study results suggest that child care centers consider serving breakfast to children as the number of working mothers increases.

Psychological Factors Including Sense of Coherence and Some Lifestyles are Related to General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) in Elderly Workers in Japan

Objectives: The number of elderly workers has also been increasing and poor psychological well-being in elderly workers has been reported. The aim of this study is to elucidate the factors that are related to poor psychological well-being in elderly workers. Methods: We administered General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) as an indicator of psychological well-being to 330 male elderly workers in the age range of 50-69, and analyzed different psychological factors, namely sense of coherence (SOC), and physical and lifestyle variables such as blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, smoking frequency, alcohol intake, exercise frequency, and body mass index (BMI) that are related to GHQ-12. Results: When the cut-off point of GHQ-12 was 2/3, 97 workers who showed high GHQ-12 score were classified as one group having poor psychological well-being. A statistically significantly lower SOC score, higher stress score, lower frequency of exercise, higher smoking score and higher BMI, but not longer working hours or higher shift work score in the workers with higher GHQ-12 scores were observed than in the workers with normal GHQ-12 scores. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the low SOC score, low frequency of exercise, high smoking frequency and high BMI significantly contributed to the high GHQ-12 score. Conclusions: A low SOC score in elderly workers is assumed to be directly related to poor psychological well-being, or via the development of lifestyle problems such as lack of exercise, obesity, and smoking in elderly workers. This assumption must be confirmed by conducting future intervention studies on lifestyle.

Psychological factors including sense of coherence and some lifestyles are related to general health questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) in elderly workers in Japan

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>The number of elderly workers has also been increasing and poor psychological well-being in elderly workers has been reported. The aim of this study is to elucidate the factors that are related to poor psychological well-being in elderly workers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We administered General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) as an indicator of psychological well-being to 330 male elderly workers in the age range of 50-69, and analyzed different psychological factors, namely sense of coherence (SOC), and physical and lifestyle variables such as blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, smoking frequency, alcohol intake, exercise frequency, and body mass index (BMI) that are related to GHQ-12.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When the cut-off point of GHQ-12 was 2/3, 97 workers who showed high GHQ-12 score were classified as one group having poor psychological well-being. A statistically significantly lower SOC score, higher stress score, lower frequency of exercise, higher smoking score and higher BMI, but not longer working hours or higher shift work score in the workers with higher GHQ-12 scores were observed than in the workers with normal GHQ-12 scores. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the low SCO score, low frequency of exercise, high smoking frequency and high BMI significantly contributed to the high GHQ-12 score.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>A low SOC score in elderly workers is assumed to be directly related to poor psychological well-being, or via the development of lifestyle problems such as lack of exercise, obesity, and smoking in elderly workers. This assumption must be confirmed by conducting future intervention studies on lifestyle.</p>

Study of the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and progressing stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and progressing stroke.Methods103 patients with acute cerebral infarction within the first 24 hours from onset were tested with carotid color doppler ultrasonography during the first week from admission. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between carotid intima media thickness (IMT), plaque structure, the degree of artery stenosis and the early deterioration of cerebral infarction.ResultsPrevalence of carotid plaque and thickness of IMT in patients with progressing stroke were higher than that in non progressing patients. In logistic regression, presence of carotid plaque was independent predictors of progressing stroke. Plaque size, extent of artery stenosis and IMT were not included in the regression model.ConclusionPlaque structure and its chemical feature may be the cause of progressing stroke.

Outcome Prediction of Inpatients with First Heamorrhagic Apoplexy / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Ninety- five cases(49 male .46 female)with first heamorrhagic cerebral apoplexy. fromOct.1 . 1992 to Dec.31 .1993. were analyzed.The Average age was58.9. Patients were divided intotwo groups. the self care and the non- self care. Ninteen variables which were supposed likely to be relatedto functional outcome were chosed from the admitted record of each patient and analyzed with mutltiple lo-gistic regression. Results showed that the major predictors of poor outcome are coma. incontinent and hemi-plegia at onset and abnormal blood urea nitrogen. pulmonary infection and bleeding amount more than 3 0ml at admitted.Cases older than 70 years.high blood presure longer than 20 years have a tendency of moredependence in functional abilities.Factors that do not predict outcome after heamorrhagic stroke are sex.days in the hospital,cormorbidities. as well as level of blood surgar and cholestral.EKG changes at admitted time.