Advances in methods and techniques for the study of polysaccharide in vivo processes and immunomodulatory mechanisms / 药学学报

In recent years, polysaccharides have received much attention because of their high safety and good immunological activity. The study of polysaccharide in vivo process is a key scientific problem that needs to be solved for polysaccharide drug development. Some progress has been made in the field of polysaccharide pharmacokinetics and immunomodulation. However, due to the lack of both chromogenic and light-absorbing groups and the complex molecular structure of polysaccharides, the in vivo processes and immunomodulatory mechanisms of polysaccharides have been slow to be investigated. The effective combination of multiple techniques can break the bottleneck of difficult tracing and unknown immunomodulatory mechanism of polysaccharides in vivo, and promote the development and utilization of polysaccharides. In this paper, we systematically summarize the key techniques in the study of polysaccharide in vivo processes and immunomodulatory mechanisms in order to provide technical references and research ideas for the study of polysaccharide in vivo processes and immunomodulatory mechanisms.

Innovation and application of metabolomics technology for research in the biomedical field / 药学学报

Metabolomics technology played an important role in the field of biomedical research, such as disease diagnosis, pathogenesis analysis, drug target exploration, formulation of treatment guidelines, etc. Due to the systematic and holistic characteristics of metabolomics research, it has shown certain advantages in the analysis of the basis of pharmacodynamic substances of traditional Chinese medicines and the development of new medicines from traditional Chinese medicines. With the continuous innovation of metabolomics research, many advanced technologies have been developed, which make up for the shortcomings of conventional metabolomics studies in searching for disease targets, identifying functional compounds and interpreting biological significance. Furthermore, the rapid development of metabolomics technology has created new opportunities for the diagnosis of diseases and the development of new drugs in traditional Chinese medicine. Herein, different from conventional metabolomics techniques and methods, nine new metabolomics technologies with wide application prospects in the past 10 years were reviewed from the perspective of new tools, new ideas and new samples, with a view to providing new insights on relevant metabolomics research in the biomedical field and providing new motivation for innovation and development of metabolomics technologies.

Left atrial automated functional myocardial imaging to identify patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation at high risk of stroke / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of non-valvular paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (NVPAF) with cerebral ischemic stroke(CIS) and analyze NVPAF by using left atrial automatic imaging (AFILA). Logistic regression model was established for left atrial(LA) function parameters.Methods:A total of 205 patients with NVPAF were included in the study and divided into the NVPAF group without ischemic stroke (154 patients) and the CIS group (51 patients). The clinical baseline data, blood biochemical results and AFILA ultrasound data of all patients were collected. Univariate analysis was performed to compare the above data between the two groups of patients. The independent risk factors were obtained by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Logistic regression model was compared with CHA2DS2-VASc scoring system in terms of area under ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity.Results:There were significant differences in age, CHA2DS2-VASc score, taking anticoagulant drugs, history of hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease, LAEF, S_R, S_CT, WBC, NEUT, HCY, UREA, NDD, NT-proBNP, Fibrinogen(Fib), Cardiac troponin I(cTnI) and NLR between the two groups (all P<0.05). The results of multifactor analysis showed that: age, hypertension, S_ CT, UREA, NLR, Fib and cTnI were independent risk factors associated with CIS in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation[ OR value: 1.608 ( P=0.003), 3.821 ( P=0.019), 1.259 ( P=0.001), 1.326( P=0.001), 1.352 ( P=0.011), 1.502 ( P=0.042), 7.651( P=0.001)]. After adjusting for the age, sex and history of hypertension included in CHA2DS2-VASc score, S_CT significantly led to NVPAF complicated with stroke[ OR value 1.259 (1.095-1.447), P=0.001]. The diagnostic efficacy of Logistic regression model is better than that of CHA2DS2-VASc scoring (AUC of 0.931 vs 0.717, 95% CI: 0.896-0.967 vs 0.634-0.799, sensitivity of 0.883 vs 0.755, specificity of 0.849 vs 0.713, all P<0.001). Conclusions:Age, hypertension, S_CT, UREA, NLR, fibrinogen, cTnI are independently associated risk factors for patients with combined CIS; The diagnostic efficacy of Logistic regression model is better than that of CHA2DS2-VASc scoring model.And the sensitivity and specificity are high.

Implication practice of “Internet Plus” new technology in chronic diseases management in community / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective  To introduce and evaluate the practice of “Internet Plus” new technology for health management of chronic diseases in community in Yichang, and to provide reference for chronic disease patients' health management in community. Methods  Data of hypertensive patients were collected from the national basic public health service system, the big data intelligent sorting system for chronic disease patients in Yichang City, and the basic public health service system in urban areas in Yichang from 2016 to 2020. Data on the discovery, sorting and filing, standardized management rate and blood pressure control of urban hypertension patients were analyzed. The application effect of “Internet Plus” new technology in chronic disease community health management was evaluated. Results  From 2016 to 2020, 15 934 patients with hypertension were found and their health records were established through big and intelligent data in Yichang City, accounting for 93.54% (15 934 / 17 035) of the total. The rate of standardized management in each district increased year by year, with an increase of 8.71% in 2020 compared with 2016, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=1273.30, P2=867.14, P<0.001). Conclusion  Data exchange and sharing among medical institutions at all levels can strengthen the health management of chronic diseases in the community. The “Internet Plus” new technology, integrating the Internet, big data, cloud computing and intelligent terminal technology, can effectively improve the detection, management and treatment rate of chronic diseases, and provide a new direction for the health management of chronic diseases.

Application of microneedle-assisted percutaneous drug delivery system in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis:a review / 中国中药杂志

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by inflammation. Due to the complex causes, no specific therapy is available. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and corticosteroids are often used(long-term, oral/injection) to interfere with related pathways for reducing inflammatory response and delaying the progression of RA, which, however, induce many side effects. Microneedle, an emerging transdermal drug delivery system, is painless and less invasive and improves drug permeability. Thus, it is widely used in the treatment of RA and is expected to be a new strategy in clinical treatment. This paper summarized the application of microneedles in the treatment of RA, providing a reference for the development of new microneedles and the expansion of its clinical application.

Application of loop mediated isothermal amplification in etiological diagnosis of infectious diseases / 国际儿科学杂志

Infectious diseases are still the most important diseases in infants and young children.Due to young age and imperfect immune function, infectious diseases in children are characterized by "urgent" , "serious" and "complex pathogens" , which often lead to serious complications.Rapid and accurate diagnosis is particularly important for children.However, the existing pathogen detection methods are inefficiency, subject to experimental conditions and person, and impopularized in hospitals.The pathogen detection method based on loop mediated isothermal amplification presents high specificity, low-cost and simple operation and is suitable for promotion in primary medical units, which has great application value in the detection of pathogens of children.In addition, the combination of loop mediated isothermal with paper-based micro-gene chip, intelligent automation and digital system will make progress to clinical etiological diagnosis.

Technical practice and development direction of minimally invasive gastric surgery in digital medicine era / 中华消化外科杂志

After nearly 30 years of high-speed development of minimally invasive gastric surgery in China, the surgical techniques are well developed. The concept of gastric cancer treatment is constantly changing as the deepening understanding of gastric cancer. Minimally invasiveness and precision is an inevitable trend in gastric surgery. At the same time, science and technology are fast-evolving, which greatly improved the performance of both soft- and hardware. In the future, surgical technology, real-time data and artificial intelligence will be further integrated to facilitate the evolution of minimally invasive surgery to digital surgery era. Therefore, in this article, the authors elaborate on the technical practice and future directions of minimally invasive surgery in this digital medicine era from technology and scientific progress.

Current status and prospect of traumatic orthopedics treatment / 中华外科杂志

The development of medicine technology is supported by the progress of materials, electronics, machinery, physics and other related fields.The article mainly reviews the research achievements of traumatic orthopedics from four aspects: big data, new theory, new technology and new implants. The prospects of intelligent minimally invasive, new materials, three-dimensional printing technology, surgical assistant robot of fracture reduction, digital orthopedics and other aspects are presented.Aiming at improving the treatments of traumatic orthopedics in China, this paper tracks the frontier of the orthopedics and absorbed advanced concepts and technologies of treatments on traumatic orthopedics in the world.

Study on new medical technology access index system for tertiary public hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To establish a scientific and comprehensive evaluation index for new technology access in tertiary public hospital, so as to provide a tool for new technology access management system and scientific basis for decision-making. Methods This study collected data from eight provinces nationwide including 30 tertiary public hospital based new technology access application, catalogued dimensions of application. It also referred to the European Union, Denmark, Canada and other countries in forming the hospital health technology assessment form, along with two rounds of Delphi expert consultation. Results The new medical technology access index system of China′s tertiary public hospitals was preliminarily formed, including 5 first-level indexes and 24 level-2 indexes. Conclusions The two rounds of expert advice have a high degree of consistency, indicating that the indicators are in line with the actual situation of hospital management in China, yet with rooms of constant improvement in practice.

Application prospect of new technology and new equipment in production of Chinese patent medicine / 中国中药杂志

At present,the production equipment and process of Chinese patent medicines still have many problems including high energy consumption,low efficiency,high pollution,and low intelligence,which seriously hinder the transformation,upgrading and modernized development of traditional Chinese medicine industry. With the emergence of various new pharmaceutical technologies and the application of technologies of other fields in traditional Chinese medicine industry,the development of Chinese patent medicine has ushered in new opportunities. The processes such as pulverization,mixing,extraction,separation,concentration,drying and sterilization are unique for the production of Chinese patent medicine. These main features can be distinguished from the manufacturing process of chemical drugs,determining the characteristics of the production process and equipment of Chinese patent medicine. In this paper,each operation unit was mentioned to summarize and analyze the new equipment and new technologies with advantages and characteristics in recent years from the perspectives of definition,principle,classification and application. Among them,the automatic spray device of the mixer,the extraction and separation equipment of volatile oil,and the crane basket-type circulation extraction technology,composite multi-layer spiral vibration countercurrent drying,and vibration sterilization equipment all have rapid development in recent years,with great prospects in the production of Chinese patent medicines. In this paper,we also analyzed some problems existing in the production equipment and technology of Chinese patent medicine and the key factors restricting the development of Chinese patent medicine,discussed the transformation of Chinese patent medicine production from traditional to modern and from semi-automatic to intelligent,and put forward three suggestions to help Chinese patent medicine achieve the goal of improving quality,efficiency and green manufacturing in production.

New methods and technologies in the field of perforator flap studies / 中华整形外科杂志

A large number of innovative and new technologies and method in the field of perforator flap were proposed with the hard work of many experts and surgeons. This paper briefly reviewed the following items including the discovery of the perforator flap and its enlightenment to us, three-dimensional visualized anatomy, angiosome and perforasome theories, pre-operative perforator detection techniques, techniques for evaluation of the flap vascular perfusion, the concept of freestyle perforator flap, chimeric flap, flow-through flap technique, new designs of pedicle perforator flap, particularly the propeller and keystone flaps, supramicrosurgery, superthin flap, microdissected thin perforator flap, and microvascular breast reconstruction and lymph node transfer for postmastectomy lymphedema patients. These new technologies and method have greatly improved our understanding of flap surgery and promote the development of the reconstructive surgery. The traditional research focused on investigating the anatomic features of a single flap and strategies for the reconstruction of different defects and organs. Nowadays, the treatment scope of reconstructive surgery is more extensive and has developed to repair various refractory wounds following trauma and oncological resection, nerve injuries, and to reconstruct defect and organ by using the vascularized composite allotransplantation. Researches on the upper limb lymphedema after breast cancer surgery have been highly valued recently. It can be expected that the direction of reconstructive surgery would be transformed from the improvement of theraputic modalities to concentrating on the treatment of diseases, and this undoubtedly conforms to the essence of medicine. The research of perforator flaps will be directed to more precise, minimally invasive, and individualized according to the requirements of evidence-based medicine.

Research progress and application of 3D printing technology in preparation process / 中草药

With the development of high and new technology, such as material chemistry and computer technology, the formulation process is also constantly innovating and improving. In recent years, 3D printing technology has become a research hotspot in the formulation industry. Different from traditional preparation methods, 3D printing technology can realize personalized production and solve storage problems of drugs. Because of its advantages of simple production, convenient carrying, low cost and strong patient compliance, it may change the design and production mode of drugs in the future and have good development prospects in the field of preparation. This paper reviews principles, the latest research progresses, advantages and challenges of 3D printing by searching CNKI, SCI, Springer databases and collating relevant literatures, and forecasts the development of 3D printing technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine preparations, aiming to provide some references for the application of the technology in the traditional Chinese medicine preparation industry.

Study on the evidence-based decision-making framework for reimbursement technologies in view of EVIDEM / 中国卫生政策研究

This study aimed to establish a new technology for health insurance reimbursement evidence-based decision-making framework on the basis of EVIDEM. Literature review,focus group discussion and qualitative inter-view were used to construct the preliminary decision-making framework,and expert consultation was adopted to deter-mine the necessity and weight of the criteria. The established evidence-based decision-making framework consists of guidelines of normative universal and contextual aspects. The normative aspect included following criteria, need for intervention (i.e. disease severity, size of affected population, benefit type of technology, unmet needs of reim-bursed technology),comparative outcomes of technology (i.e. comparative effectiveness,comparative safety/tolera-bility,comparative patient-perceived/patient-reported outcomes), and economic consequences of technology (i.e. cost,results of economic evaluation). The contextual aspect reflects the mission and mandate of medical insurance, population priorities and the accessibility,common goal and specific interests, political context, and affordability of medical insurance.

Application and Prospect of Automatic Control Technology in Extraction of Chinese Medicine / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

In our country, the technology of extraction and separation of traditional Chinese medicine is backward relatively. The production process is extensive and the equipment level is low relatively. The manufacturing process is mainly based on unit operation and manual operation. The automatic control of the whole process has not been realized, which has seriously restricted the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine industry. If automatic control technology applied to traditional Chinese medicine in the extraction process, the process parameters of operation will be in the effective and strict monitoring and control, so as to improve the product quality and production efficiency, reduce costs, to achieve the green production. In this paper, the current situation and the application of new automation technology in the process of extraction traditional Chinese medicine in recent years were summarized, in order to provide a reference for Chinese medicine green and intelligent production.

Study on theory and application value of "unification of medicines and excipients" in Chinese materia medica preparations / 中草药

"Unification of medicines and excipients" was the particular concept of medication use, pharmaceutical experience and philosophical wisdom in Chinese materia medica (CMM) preparations. However, the traditional experience has not been fully summed up, and the modern research and application have not attracted enough attentions. In this paper, the theoretical connotation and basic characteristics of "unification of medicines and excipients" were concluded, and the common phenomena and their physical chemical basis were summarized. Then, the design and application law of "medicines as excipients" and "excipients as medicines" were discussed. What's more, we have enumerated several modern research examples and analyzed its application value in the development of new excipients, new pharmaceutical preparation technology, and new CMM preparations. We hope to explore wisdom from the traditional experience, promote the integration of traditional knowledge and modern study, and finally accelerate the inheritance and innovation of pharmaceutics of CMM.

Preface for special issue on biofilm and c-di-GMP--Microbial society, c-di-GMP regulation, and new research techniques / 生物工程学报

Biofilm is prevalent in various ecological niches, in which microbial cells interconnect with each other through extracellular polymeric substances including polysaccharides, extracellular DNA, and proteins. When living in biofilms, the microbial cells employ small signalling chemicals as their "language" to communicate mutually, and exhibit remarkable differences in physiology compared to those living in planktonic state. It has been proven that the development of biofilm is subject to the regulation of c-di-GMP, an important second messenger found in prokaryotes. Given its important roles of biofilms in microbial infection, industry application, plant-microbe interactions and environmental pollustion, biofilm is one of frontier research areas in microbiology. This special issue of "Biofilm and c-di-GMP" systematically reviews the current progresses in the multiple research frontiers, including biotechnology, infectious diseases, environmental microbiology and plant pathology, with special focus on the methods and techniques in biofilm research. We hope that the issue will boost the interest of students and young scientists in this exciting area of microbiology.

Single-cell analysis method for twitching motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa / 生物工程学报

Twitching motility is very important for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the adaptation of surface environment and in the 3-D structure formation of mature biofilm. To quantitatively characterize twitching motility in situ, we developed a method by combining high-throughput data acquisition, automatic image processing and database establishment. This method is based on single cell analysis and big data visualization. A periodic relaxation of 0.9 second was resolved during slingshot motility analysis. Twitching motilities of bacteria under addition of two quorum sensing signaling molecules were studied, cells moved faster after signal addition. This method may help understand the molecular mechanism and regulatory circuits of twitching motility.

Effect and Ethical Consideration on New Technical Application of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of negative pressure wound therapy and to discuss the ethi-cal issues in this therapy and seek a solution. Methods:Sixty patients with negative pressure wound therapy in our hospital were invited to participate in this study. Patients were all with deep pressure ulcers or diabetic foot, of which the Wagner Scores were graded as three or four. They were divided into two groups randomly. The subjects in control group received standard treatment, while those in experimental group were treated by self -designed closed negative pressure drainage settings. The wound healing time, the cost of the treatment and comfort were compared between the two groups. Results:The cost of wound care in the experimental group was less than those in the control group (P0. 05). But the wound healing time was longer in the experimental group than those in the control group. Conclusion:Self-designed closed negative pressure settings can decrease the cost of patient care with the equal patient comfort and acceptance as the standard negative pressure, however, the wound healing time has been extended. So before using negative pressure technique, the medical staff should comprehensively analyze, be guided by medical ethics and choose the appropriate treatment for different patients.

New Technology for Type 1 Diabetes / 임상당뇨병

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease with insulin deficiency which causes microvascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. There have been some trials to simulate the pancreatic endocrine function of insulin and glucagon for homeostatic equilibration of blood glucose, developing artificial pancreas. There are three major functional components of the modern artificial pancreas, a continuous glucose-monitoring system, an insulin-infusion pump and a control algorithm. There are commercially available continuous glucose monitoring systems with subcutaneous glucose measuring, however, there have been many attempts to develop more efficient glucose monitoring systems, including noninvasive systems. Thanks to technological advances and the miniaturization of electronics, recent advances in the accuracy and performance of these systems have placed research on the threshold of prototype commercial devices and large-scale outpatient feasibility studies. In addition, smartphone technology has created the opportunity for caregivers to receive push notification alerts and makes it possible to provide patients with advisory or decision-support systems. Even though there are still some remaining challenges to develop a successful artificial pancreas, glucose control in type 1 diabetes will be more efficient with its advent.

New materials and new technology of plant soft capsules / 中国药科大学学报

With the popularity of the concept of being ?natural?and ?vegetarian?;plant soft capsules have gained widespread attention in pharmaceutical markets of many countries.Looking for new materials of plant soft capsules and developing the new technologies have become a inevitable requirement due to the traditional gelatin soft capsules could not meet the increasing daily life demand of people.The review illustrates the characteristics of the commonly used plantsoft capsule materials such as modified starch;gelatin or synthetic polymers;as well as the application of advanced technology concerning capsule shell and core material;providing a reference for the development and application of new plant soft capsules.The promising expectation of plant soft capsules are also illustrated.