The situation of sexual transmitted diseases among acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients and its influence on the risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission between couples / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To investigate the situation of sexual transmitted diseases (STD) prevalence among human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS ) patients and to analyze its impact on HIV transmission between couples .Methods Under voluntary counseling and testing ,1871 clinically confirmed HIV/AIDS patients underwent common STD testing , with synchronous test of HIV infection on their couples .Continuous variables were compared using t-test , and categorical variables were compared using variance analysis .Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups .Results Among 1871 HIV/AIDS patients ,571 patients (30 .5％ ) were co-infected with STD .The HIV transmission rates between couples in STD co-infection group and non-STD co-infection group were 49 .2％ (281/571) and 23 .6％ (307/1300) ,respectively ,which was statistically different (χ2 =120 .6 ,P<0 .01) .Among the 571 HIV/STD co-infection patients ,HIV transmission rates between couples with genital herpes ,condyloma acuminatum ,gonorrhoea or nongonococcal urethritis and syphilis were 84 .2％ (80/95) ,72 .2％ (78/108) ,45 .0％ (27/60) and 31 .2％ (96/308) ,respectively .There was statistically significant among multiple groups comparisons (χ2 =110 .0 , P<0 .01) .Among the comparison between two groups , there were statistically significant differences between genital herpes group and condyloma acuminatum group (χ2 =4 .210 ,P=0 .040) ,between pointed condyloma group and gonorrhoea or nongonococcal urethritis group (χ2 =12 .196 , P< 0 .01) ,between gonorrhoea or nongonococcal urethritis group and syphilis group (χ2 = 4 .317 , P=0 .038) .Conclusions STD co-infection rate is high among HIV/AIDS patients .STD can facilitate the HIV transmission between couples ,and different STD has different impact on the transmission .

Analysis of mycoplasma infection and drug susceptibility in 6 573 patients with nongonococcal urethritis / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the infection status and drug suscepetibility of mycoplasma from 6 573 patients with non-gonococcal urethritis ,and to provide the scientific bases for the clinical application of antibiotics .Methods Mycoplasma detection kit was used to detect ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and mycoplasma hominis(Mh) and the drug susceptibility .All the patients were divided into two groups :Chinese group and foreigner group .Results Among 5 675 Chinese patients ,2 985 patients were infected by mycoplasma(52 .6% ) .The infection rate of Uu was 2 312(40 .7% ) .35 .2% patients were male ,and 61 .4% patients were female .In 898 foreign patients ,440 patients were infected by mycoplasma(49 .0% ) .The infection rate of Uu was 327(36 .4% ) .32 .2% pa-tients were male ,and 59 .5% patients were female .In Chinese patients infected by Uu ,the susceptibility rates to MIN ,DOX ,JOS and CLA were 96 .7% ,96 .2% ,93 .7% ,89 .7% ,respectively .In foreign patients ,the susceptibility rates to MIN ,DOX ,JOS ,and CLA were 98 .9% ,98 .4% ,95 .8% ,92 .1% .Conclusion The mycoplasma infection rate of Chinese patients is higher than foreign patients .In both groups ,Uu infection is the main type .Female patients are more than male patients .The drug sensitivity rate in for-eign group is higher than that in Chinese group .mycoplasma are sensitivity to MIN ,DOX ,JOS .

Bacteria colonized and antibiotic resistance analysis on nongonococcal urethritis in men / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the composition and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria of nongonococcal urethritis in men,in order to give some references for clinical treatment.Methods The pathogens were cultured by Urethral secretions of nongonococcal urethritis in men and drug susceptibility test followed.Results Coagulase negative staphylococcus and mycoplasma urealytium were major pathogens of nongonococcal urethritis in men;The constituent ratio of meticillin resistance staphylococcus was above 40%.There was significant difference that the constituent ratio of meticillin resistance coagulase negative staphylococcus compared with specimen in the same period.Meticillin susceptible coagulase negative staphylococcus and meticillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to cephalosporins and quinolones,excluding penicillins.The antimicrobial susceptibility of meticillin resistance staphylococcus was just opposite completely;Mycoplasma urealytium and Mycoplasma hominis were high sensitivity to josamycin、doxycyline and minocycline.Conclusion The colonization bacterium of nongonococcal urethritis in men are primarily consist of coagulase negative staphylococcus and mycoplasma urealytium.It is worthy of further researching correlation between coagulase negative staphylococcus and nongonococcal urethritis,it also suggested that antibiotics on should be rationally choosed on therapy of nongonococcal urethritis.

Association of genital mycoplasmas including Mycoplasma genitalium in HIV infected men with nongonococcal urethritis attending STD & HIV clinics.

Background & objectives: Acute nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) is one of the commonest sexually transmitted infections affecting men. The role of genital mycoplasmas including Mycoplasma genitalium in HIV infected men with NGU is still not known. The aim of this study was to determine the isolation pattern/detection of genital mycoplasma including M. genitalium in HIV infected men with NGU and to compare it with non HIV infected individuals. Methods: One hundred male patients with NGU (70 HIV positive, 30 HIV negative) were included in the study. Urethral swabs and urine samples obtained from patients were subjected to semi-quantitative culture for Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasama urealyticum, whereas M. genitalium was detected by PCR from urine. The primers MgPa1 and MgPa3 were selected to identify 289 bp product specific for M. genitalium. Chalmydia trachomatis antigen detection was carried out by ELISA. Results: M. genitalium and M. hominis were detected/isolated in 6 per cent of the cases. M. genitalium was more common amongst HIV positive cases (7.1%) as compared to HIV negative cases (3.3%) but difference was not statistically significant. Co-infection of C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum was found in two HIV positive cases whereas, C. trachomatis and M. hominis were found to be coinfecting only one HIV positive individual. M. genitalium was found to be infecting the patients as the sole pathogen. Interpretation & conclusions: Patients with NGU had almost equal risk of being infected with M. genitalium, U. urealyticum or M. hominis irrespective of their HIV status. M.genitalium constitutes one of the important causes of NGU besides other genital mycoplasmas.

Nongonococcal Urethritis Infection by Mycoplasma and Drug Resistance Diversity in Three Years / 中华医院感染学杂志

0.05). CONCLUSIONS Minocycline,deoxycycline and josamycin can be chosed to cure Mycoplasma infection in this territory. Drug fast rate of mycoplasma is changing with the time. It is important for guiding clinic to monitor drug resistance of mycoplasma of Genitourinary tract.

Analysis of the pathogen and drug sensitivity in 1265 patients with nongonococcal urethritis in Chongqing area / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To understand the situation of the pathogen and drug sensitivity in the patients of nongonococcal urethritis(NGU)in area of Chongqing.Methods:Totally 1265 specimens in the patients of NGU were collected,cultured and tested for drug sensitivity with 12 antibiotics.Results:From them,the simple pathogen infection was 546 cases(43.16%),and two or three pathogen combined infection was 537 cases(42.46%),182 cases(14.39%)respectively.The result of drug sensitivity showed that sensitivity of Ureaplasma urealyticum(UU)and Mycoplasma hominis(MH)to deoxycycline was the highest,then was to minocycline and clarithromycin respectively.Roxithromycin,erycin,ciprofloxacin were the highest drug resistance.Conclusions:Uu is the main pathogen in the NGU patients,and deoxycycline,minocycline and clarithromycin are the optimal antibiotics.But cultured and tested for drug sensitivity are also recommended before therapy,to getting the optimal cure efficiency and reduce the development of drug resistant strain.

Culture and drug susceptibility of mycoplasma in patients with nongonococcal urogenital infection / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To determine the mycoplasma infection and the drug resistance in outpatients with NGU. METHODS: Mycoplasma culture, identification and drug sensitivity assay were carried out with samples of 472 NGU patients by using one complex mycoplasma kit. RESULTS: 153 in 472 cases showed mycoplasma positive. The total positive rate was 32.4%. The positive cases of Uu, Mh and mixed both infection were 112( 23.7%), 11( 2.3%), and 30( 6.4%), respectively. The female positive rate was found significantly higher than that of male (? 2= 4.157,P

Infections and Antibiotic Resistance of Ureaplasma Urealytium and Mycoplasma Hominis in Huangshi Area / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the infections induced by ureaplasma urealyticum(UU) and mycoplasma hominis(MH) in Huangshi city and their antibiotic resistance for reference of clinical rational drug use.METHODS:UU and MH were detected by mycoplasma rapid culture and drug sensitivity test kit.RESULTS:Of the total 350 patients who were suspected as having nongonococcal urethritis(NGU),152(43.43%) were positive in mycoplasma detection.52 of the total 146 male cases were positive(35.62%),and 100 among the 204 female cases were positive(49.02%),with positive detection rate significantly higher than in male case(?2=6.222,P

Detection of Chlamydia Trachomatis in Nongonococcal Urethritis by Polymerase Chain Reaction / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is the most important pathogen of nongonococcal urethritis. C. trachomatis was detected by cell culture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 145 patients with nongonococcal urethritis. In 5 of 63 antibiotic-treated patients, C. trachomatis was identified by at least one method. C. trachomutid was identified in 34 (41.5%) of 82 nontreated patients. The most common symptom of the 34 patients was painful urination. C. trachomafir was identified in 6 cases (17.6%) of 34 patients by cell culture. And C. trachorrdtis was identified in 9 cases (26.5%) by ELISA, while in 33 cases(97.1%) by PCR. When PCR was performed with urines and urinary swabs collected from 38 patients with nongonococcal urethritis, 11(29%) cases showed positive with urine and 10(26%) cases with urinary swab. These results suggested that PCR with urine showed the higher positive detection rate of C. trachomatis in the patient with nongonococcal urethritis than other methods.

Detection of Mycoplasma and Analysis of Drug Resistance in 414 Patients with Nongonococcal Urethritis / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the infection of Mycoplasma and drug resistance in the patients of nongonococcal urethritis(NGU)in the local area.METHODS Totally 414 specimens in the patients of NGU were collected,cultured and tested for drug sensitvity.RESULTS From them there were 284 patients who had Mycoplasma(68.60%).The simple infection of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu)was 90 cases(21.74%) and that of Mycoplasma hominis(Mh) was 52 cases(12.56%).The mixed was 142 cases(34.30%).The result of drug sensitivity showed that sensitivity of Mycoplasma to minocycline(Minocin) was the highest,then was to doxycycline.Ciprofloxacin was with the highest drug resistance,then were sparfloxacin and erythromycin.CONCLUSIONS The infection rate of Mycoplasma in the patients of NGU is in a rising tendency;Mycoplasma are severely resistant to ciprofloxacin,sparfloxacin,and erythromycin,and have multi-resistance.It is important to culture and test the drug sensitivity of Mycoplasma.To control the Mycoplasma infection and supervision management of antibiotics is a urged and important task for us.

Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in 320 Patients with Nongonococcal Urethritis: Analysis of the Detecting Result / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate infection of Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) and Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) in patients with nongonococcal urethritis(NGU). METHODS C.trachomatis was determined by fast immune method of antigen-antibody.U.urealyticum was detected by liquid culture medium. RESULTS Among 320 cases the positive rate of C.trachomatis,and U.urealyticum was 36.25% and 43.75%,respectively.and that of complicated infection was 20.00%.There were significant differences between men and women in C.trachomatis and U.urealyticum infection(P

Urine culture and serologic test for diagnosis of trichomoniasis in male patients with nongonococcal urethritis / 대한피부과학회지

Trichomoniasis, a common and sometimes distressing condition in women, is caused by infection of the genitourinary tract by the pathogenic protozoan Trichomonris aginalis(T. vaginalis). Men may also be infected, although frequently without any symptoms, and most cases of trichomoniasis are sexually transmitted. The best evidence for an etiologic role for T. vaginalis is in nongonococcal urethritis(NGU). In epidemiologic studies, T,ginalis has been isolated from 1 to 68 percent in men with NGU. The nurnber of NGU is increasing rapidly than gonorrhea in deeloped nations, and in some developing countries, especially in Korea, In view of the difficulties in findng trichomonads by direct microsco by in men, urine culture and serodiagnosis plays an important role in the diagnostic work. Urine culture, indirect fluorescent antibody test(IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to elecect T.vaginalis in 221 patients with male NGU. These patients visited the VD Clinic of ChoongKu Public Health Center in Seoul from May to August, 1989 and from March, 1990 to December, 1991. The results obtained were as follows.: 1. T. vaginalis was grown from only one of the 221 samples on TPS-1 meida. 2. In 208 NGU patients, there were 10(4.8%) positive reactions on IgG antibody in IFAT. 3. In 208 NGU patient, there were 14(6.7%) positive reactions to IgG antibody in ELISA. 4. No statistical significant correlation was found between then sults of IFAT and ELISA in individual patients. In conclusion, 1. Male trichomoniasis in patients with NGU was detected at a, significantly low rate. Due to the small number of patients in the test, further epidemiologic stidies of trichomoniasis in male NGU patient are necessary. 2. Serologic studies (IFAT and ELISA) have detected sorre trichomoniasis in male patients with NGU. These tests seem to be helpful in the diagnosis of male t-ichomoniasis.

Tetracycline versus combination of terracycline and metronidazole in the treatment of male patients with nogonococcal urethriris / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: The number of nongonococcal urethritis(NGU) cases is exceeding more and more that of Gonorrhea in developeing nations and some of the developing countr es such as Korea. The best evidence for an etiologic role for Trichomonas Vaginalis is in nongonococcal urethritis. OBJECTIVE: We compared the effects of Tetracycline to Tetracycine and Metronidazole in the treatment of male patients with nongonococcal urethritis and wished to find out the incidence of Trichomon-as Vaginalis in male patients with nongonocaccal urethritis indirectly. METHOD: From January, ],989 to December, 1992, three hundred male patients with nongococcal urethritis(NGU) at the Venreal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Publi Health Center in Seoul were allocated randomly into one of two treatment regimens. and one hundred sixty eight patients were followed. RESULTS: Eighty(83.4%) of ninty six patients treated with Tetrac; cline, 500mg, PO, q.i.d. for 14 days were cured. Sixty two(86.2%) of seventy two patients treatec with Tetracycline, 500mg, PO, q.i. d. for 14 days and Metronidaole. 2.0gm, PO, for 1 day were cured. There is no significant different between the 2 groups in treated rates(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It suggests that male patients with nongonococcal ure1hritis due to trichomoniasis are rare in Korea. This may be die to the fact that the incidence of trichorioniasis has been declining since the 1960s. It also suggests not only the need for further studies on tool is disease but also more studies on other causes of nongonocoqeal urethritis, its treatment and epidernio.ogical study.

A Study of the Isolation of Ureaplasma Urealyticum in Nongonococcal Urethritis / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A group of 180 men who visited Urology Department of Severance hospital, including 115 patients with nongonococcal urethritis (N.G.U.), 27 patients with prostatitis, 13 patients with gonococcal urethritis (G.U.) and 25 healthy medical student controls were investigated for the isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-strain mycoplasma) from the specimen of urethral discharge, urine and semen. Taylor-Pobinson media of T-broth and T-agar was used for the isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum. To the best of our knowledge, the study on the culture of Ureaplasma urealyticum was reported for the first time in Korea. The following results were obtained: 1. The isolation rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum in nongonococcal urethritis (53.0%) revealed highest of those in the other three groups of prostatitis, gonococcal urethritis and control (40.7%, 38.4% and 16.0% respectively). 2. As for the specimens, urethral discharge revealed higher isolation rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum (54.6%)than first voided urine (50.0%). 3. The more consorts patients had, the higher positive culture rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum were revealed. The isolation rate in case of more than one causal in nongonococcal urethritis (71.1%) revealed much higher than in case of marital only (42.8%), one regular (41.1%) and one causal (41.0%). 4. 18.7% of isolation rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum revealed in patients with nongonococcal urethritis who visited the clinic in later than 4 weeks after the symptoms developed. However, the isolation rate in patients who visited within 4 weeks revealed 58.9%. The lower isolation rate of Ureaplasma in the late treatment seekers might be probably due to the suppression effect against Ureaplasma urealyticum from the possible previous self antibiotic treatment. 5. Attachment of Ureaplasma urealyticum mostly to the neck and head portion of the spermatozoa seemed to play a role to affect the motility of sperms.