Analysis of the genome and transmission characteristics of an aggregated novel coronavirus infection based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To analyze the viral genome sequence of novel coronavirus infected persons in Baotou City, understand the mutation characteristics of novel coronavirus genome in the process of transmission among cases, and explore the transmission rule of novel coronavirus in the clustered populations.Methods:Nine throat swabs samples (No. 1 - 7, No. 9, and No. 10), two sputum samples (No. 8, No. 11, and No. 11 sample was from No. 10 case), and one surface smear sample (No.12, and No. 12 sample was from No. 10 case) were collected from 10 confirmed cases of novel coronavirus infection in Baotou City from January 25 to February 21, 2020. Samples 1 and 3 were from single cases, and the rest were from clustered cases. The virus genome was sequenced by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation sites were screened by comparing with NC_045512, a reference strain of novel coronavirus. Combined with relevant epidemiological information, gene mutation, virus typing, and evolutionary traceability analysis were carried out.Results:The results of viral genome mNGS showed that 76 SNP mutation sites were detected in 12 samples compared with the reference strain NC_045512, including 3 (3.95%) transitions and 73 (96.05%) reversals. There were 19 (25.00%) synonymous mutations and 57 (75.00%) non-synonymous mutations. The analysis of nucleotide and amino acid variation sites showed that mutations were found at five sites (T2821C, C6548T, T16464C, G16858A and T251C) in all the clustered cases (cases 2, 4 - 10). In the single cases, sample 1 had mutations at C9245T and A15340T, and sample 3 had mutation at C13T. The virus typing analysis showed that the samples 1 and 3 belonged to the L type of novel coronavirus, while the rest belonged to the S type of novel coronavirus. The results of genomic evolutionary relationship analysis showed that all the samples could be divided into two branches. The branches of sample 1 and 3 belonged to single cases, and the rest belonged to family clustered cases.Conclusion:The genomic characteristics of the clustered cases of novel coronavirus infection in Baotou City are basically consistent with the epidemiological investigation results, and the transmission of the virus is mainly related to close contact and family gathering.

Recommendations for multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of some problems of novel coronavirus infection / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

@#The number of patients with novel coronavirus infection increased sharply since December 2022. The tenth version of the Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline of Novel Coronavirus Infection formulated by the National Health Commission played an important role in standardizing the diagnosis and treatment of patients with novel coronavirus infection. However, some problems still exist in clinical practice, such as the selection of antiviral drugs, timing of immunotherapy, dosage of anticoagulants, treatment of myocardial injury, treatment of interstitial lung disease, and rebound of novel coronavirus infection. In this article, 18 recommendations are proposed based on the refinement and classification of some issues by multidisciplinary experts of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University. They can provide reference in clinical practice.

Recommendations on rehabilitation treatment of different populations infected with novel coronavirus during the recovery period / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Patients with novel coronavirus infection still have many functional disorders during the recovery period. The timely intervention of rehabilitation treatment has important clinical significance in improving the patients’ functions and their ability of daily living. Based on the current evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical practice, this paper summarizes the rehabilitation treatment and precautions of patients with simple novel coronavirus infection and different groups with previous dysfunction and novel coronavirus infection (such as neurological dysfunction, chronic pain, and bone and joint diseases) with a view to providing clinical reference for the rehabilitation treatment of patients with novel coronavirus infection during the recovery period.

Investigation on whole blood collection in Tianjin after fully lifting COVID-19 prevention and control measures / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the situation of whole blood collection in Tianjin after COVID-19 prevention and control measures were fully lifted. 【Methods】 The relevant data on whole blood collection of voluntary blood donors in Tianjin 15 days before Spring Festival (2023.01.07-2023.01.21, when China has managed COVID-19 with measures against Class B infectious disease instead of Class A infectious diseases) and 15 days before Spring Festival in 2018 (2018.02.01- 2018.02.15) and 2019 (2019.01.21-2019.02.04) before the breakout of COVID-19 were retrospectively collected and compared. 【Results】 The comparison between the above period in 2023, 2018 and 2019 was as follows: the number of blood donors was 6 124 vs 3 940 vs 4 069; blood collection volume (U) was 9 623 vs 7 378 vs 7 808; the proportion of first-time blood donors, local blood donors and group blood donors was 69.17% (4 236/6 124) vs 65.86% (2 595/3 940) vs 62.05% (2 525/4 069), 59.31% (3 632/6 124) vs 23.27% (9170) vs 18.19% (740/4 069) and 43.42% (2 659/6 124) vs 8.05% (317/2 595) vs 0.15% (6/4 069) (all P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The adjustment of COVID-19 prevention and control policy has a significant impact on voluntary blood donation, and the corresponding adjustment of blood donor recruitment strategy in blood centers should be conducted to increase the whole blood collection.

Preliminary Recommendations on the Timing of Lung Surgery after Novel Coronavirus Infection in Patients with Pulmonary Nodules and Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

In recent years, the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a huge impact on the global medical, political and economic fields. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic, our understanding of the impact of COVID-19 has grown exponentially. Recently, the COVID-19 epidemic has changed rapidly in China, and there has been controversy over how to carry out surgical operations for patients with lung neoplastic lesions. Some studies have shown that lung cancer patients undergoing surgery are more likely to experience respiratory failure and perioperative death after contracting COVID-19 than the general population, however, delays in cancer treatment are also associated with increased mortality among these patients. In particular, the novel coronavirus Omikron variant has a higher transmissibility and may escape the immunity obtained through the previous novel coronavirus infection and vaccination. In order to minimize the risk of novel coronavirus infection in surgical patients, it is necessary to develop new treatment guidelines, expert consensus and preventive measures. However, the current rapid change of the epidemic situation has led to insufficient time and evidence to develop guidelines and consensus. Therefore, thoracic surgeons need to evaluate specific patient populations at higher risk of severe complications before surgery and weigh the benefit of surgical treatment against the risk of novel coronavirus infection. We try to give some recommendations on lung surgery during the current domestic epidemic situation based on the guidelines and consensus of oncology and thoracic surgery organizations in different regions on lung surgery.
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A case report of SARS-CoV-2 encephalitis / 上海预防医学

A patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection was adimitted to Shanghai Shibei hospital of Jing'an District in early 2023. According to the patient's complaits， clinical manifestations， physical symptoms， laboratory examination， radiological image results， plus lumbar puncture， the patient was diagnosed with novel coronavirus encephalitis. The patient was discharged from the hospital after a combined treatment of Chinese and western medicine.

COVID-19-Induced High Fever Relieved by Maoto: A Case Report / 日本東洋医学雑誌

A24-year-old woman felt sore throat on day 1 of symptom onset and became feverish and had chills on day 2.She came to our clinic on day 3, and was diagnosed as having a cold. Subsequently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) gene was detected in her nasopharyngeal swab by PCR ; therefore, she was isolated in a hotel room. On day 5, she started taking maoto, traditional Kamp medicine, because a high fever and nausea continued after her moving to the hotel. After taking maoto, perspiration was noted, and the fever resolved. Treatment with maoto was stopped for one day due to worsening of the nausea. The result of a new PCR was positive on day 7, but showed a decreased viral load. Maoto has been shown to be effective against influenza. The present case suggests that maoto may also be effective for novel coronavirus infection (coronavirus disease 2019 ; COVID-19) with influenza-like symptoms. In addition, since nausea may occur as a side effect of maoto, additional combination with other Kampo drug(s) may be considered.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes among Brazilian patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: an observational retrospective study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Since February 2020, data on the clinical features of patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and their clinical evolution have been gathered and intensively discussed, especially in countries with dramatic dissemination of this disease. OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical features of Brazilian patients with SARS-CoV-2 and analyze its local epidemiological features. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational retrospective study conducted using data from an official electronic platform for recording confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases. METHODS: We extracted data from patients based in the state of Pernambuco who were registered on the platform of the Center for Strategic Health Surveillance Information, between February 26 and May 25, 2020. Clinical signs/symptoms, case evolution over time, distribution of confirmed, recovered and fatal cases and relationship between age group and gender were assessed. RESULTS: We included 28,854 patients who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 (56.13% females), of median age 44.18 years. SARS-CoV-2 infection was most frequent among adults aged 30-39 years. Among cases that progressed to death, the most frequent age range was 70-79 years. Overall, the mortality rate in the cohort was 8.06%; recovery rate, 30.7%; and hospital admission rate (up to the end of follow-up), 17.3%. The average length of time between symptom onset and death was 10.3 days. The most commonly reported symptoms were coughing (42.39%), fever (38.03%) and dyspnea/respiratory distress with oxygen saturation < 95% (30.98%). CONCLUSION: Coughing, fever and dyspnea/respiratory distress with oxygen saturation < 95% were the commonest symptoms. The case-fatality rate was 8.06% and the hospitalization rate, 17.3%.

Pay attention to situation of SARS-CoV-2 and TCM advantages in treatment of novel coronavirus infection / 中草药·英文版

Since the outbreak of the new coronavirus epidemic, novel coronavirus has infected nearly 100,000 people in more than 110 countries. How to face this new coronavirus epidemic outbreak is an important issue. Basic reproduction number (R0) is an important parameter in epidemiology; The basic reproduction number of an infection can be thought of as the expected number of cases directly generated by one case in a population where all individuals are susceptible to infection. Epidemiology dynamics is a mathematical model based on a susceptibility-infection-recovery epidemic model. Researchers analyzed the epidemiological benefits of different transmission rates for the establishment of effective strategy in prevention and control strategies for epidemic infectious diseases. In this review, the early use of TCM for light and ordinary patients, can rapidly improve symptoms, shorten hospitalization days and reduce severe cases transformed from light and normal. Many TCM formulas and products have wide application in treating infectious and non-infectious diseases. The TCM theoretical system of treating epidemic diseases with TCM and the treatment scheme of integrated Chinese and Western medicine have proved their effectiveness in clinical practice. TCM can cure COVID-19 pneumonia, and also shows that the role of TCM in blocking the progress of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Pediatric Airway Foreign Body Retrieval During the Prevention and Control of 2019 Novel Coronavirus / 中华急诊医学杂志

The prevention and control of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is currently the primary task of all industries in China. People can be infected through respiratory droplets, airborne and close contact. Pediatric airway foreign body is a common otorhinolaryngology emergency, especially occurred in 1 to 3-year-old children. It usually causes complications like airway obstruction, suffocation and pneumonia, which may become an acute threat to life. The common practice in otorhinolaryngology emergency room is to perform direct laryngoscope, bronchoscope and foreign body removal. Medical staff need to be closely contacted with these children during surgical operation, who may produce massive droplets and aerosols during examination. With a combination of characteristics of surgical operation, this article intends to provide advices on diagnosis and treatment of airway foreign body removal for pediatric otorhinolaryngology colleagues during the prevention and control of 2019-nCoV. Adjustments could be made subsequently due to changes of the epidemic situation and the recognition of 2019-nCoV.

Suggestions for prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in otolaryngology head and neck surgery medical staff / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

The epidemic of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has presented as a grim and complex situation recently. More than 11,000 cases of 2019-nCoV infection has been confirmed in China until February 1 st 2020, which are causing great impact to economy and society, and seriously interfering with ordinary medical practice of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. This advice guideline discusses the medical protection measures required in the outpatient clinic as well as in operation ward in otolaryngology head and neck department, which aims to protect medical staff from 2019-nCoV infection.

Suggestions for prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in otolaryngology head and neck surgery medical staff / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

@#The epidemic of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has presented as a grim and complex situation recently. More than 11,000 cases of 2019-nCoV infection has been confirmed in China until February 1st 2020, which are causing great impact to economy and society, and seriously interfering with ordinary medical practice of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. This advice guideline discusses the medical protection measures required in the outpatient clinic as well as in operation ward in otolaryngology head and neck department, which aims to protect medical staff from 2019-nCoV infection.