RESUMEN
Objective: To observe the changes of perfusion index (PI), bispectral index (BIS), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and respiratory rate (RR) under pulling stimuli in children undergoing open inguinal hernia repairs with spontaneous ventilation, so as to evaluate the clinical value of PI in monitoring the stress response. Methods: Thirty children undergoing selective open inguinal hernia repairs with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II were recruited. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl and propofol, and was maintained with sevoflurane after the insertion of laryngeal mask. The PI, BIS, HR, SBP and RR were observed at the following time points: before induction of anesthesia (T0), before pulling hernia sac (T1), at the time point of pulling hernia sac (T2), 1 min after pulling hernia sac (T3) and 5 min after pulling hernia sac (T4). Results: Compared with the baseline level at T0, the PI value at T1, T3 and T4 increased significantly (P=0.000, P=0.033 and P=0.000, respectively). The BIS, HR and SBP values at T1-T4 were significantly lower than baseline levels at T0 (all P=0.000). The PI values at T2 and T3 reduced significantly compared with T1. The HR value at T2 was significantly higher than that of T1 (P=0.033). Compared with the SBP values at T1, the SBP values at T3 and T4 were significantly higher (P=0.000 and P=0.011, respectively). And the RR values at T2 and T3 were higher than that at T1 (both P=0.000). The proportion of children with positive stress response based on PI was significantly higher than that based on other variables (all P=0.000). Conclusion: Perfusion index can reflect the noxious stimuli of the pulling hernia sac effectively and immediately.
RESUMEN
Objective·To observe the changes of perfusion index (PI),bispectral index (BIS),heart rate (HR),systolic blood pressure (SBP) and respiratory rate (RR) under pulling stimuli in children undergoing open inguinal hernia repairs with spontaneous ventilation,so as to evaluate the clinical value of PI in monitoring the stress response.Methods·Thirty children undergoing selective open inguinal hernia repairs with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ were recruited.Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl and propofol,and was maintained with sevoflurane after the insertion of laryngeal mask.The PI,BIS,HR,SBP and RR were observed at the following time points:before induction of anesthesia (T0),before pulling hernia sac (T1),at the time point of pulling hernia sac (T2),1 min after pulling hernia sac (T3) and 5 min after pulling hernia sac (T4).Results·Compared with the baseline level at T0,the PI value at T1,T3 and T4 increased significantly (P=0.000,P=0.033 and P=0.000,respectively).The BIS,HR and SBP values at T1-T4 were significantly lower than baseline levels at T0(all P=0.000).The PI values at T2 and T3 reduced significantly compared with T1.The HR value at T2 was significantly higher than that ofT1 (P=0.033).Compared with the SBP values at T1,the SBP values at T3 and T4 were significantly higher (P=0.000 and P=0.011,respectively).And the RR values at T2 and T3 were higher than that at T1 (both P=0.000).The proportion of children with positive stress response based on PI was significantly higher than that based on other variables (all P=0.000).Conclusion·Perfusion index can reflect the noxious stimuli of the pulling hernia sac effectively and immediately.
RESUMEN
Aim Zinc (Zn) defi ciency remains a problem in most developing countries, including Indonesia, especially in the East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Islands. Zinc plays a major role in pain through the modulation process by the N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptors, which also includes neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) as a pain parameter. The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of Zn towards pain response and modulation stage at the spinal cord level in rats. Methods Twenty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into two groups, a defi cient group and a normal group. The defi cient group was fed on an IRI-OB diet. Every group was further divided into two more groups, the acute pain group (transient noxious stimuli), and the chronic pain group (continuous noxious stimuli). The rats in chronic pain group were subjected to CCI Bennet operation. The pain thresholds in the defi cient group and normal group were measured clinically using a modifi ed Ugo Basille plantar test (thermal transient noxious stimuli). Measurement of chronic pain level was carried out by measuring the nNOS level by immunohistochemistry. Results Defi cient group showed an insignifi cant decrease in pain threshold (P= 0.251). However, there is a signifi cant increase in nNOS (P= 0.027) especially in the defi cient group with continuous noxious stimulation. Conclusions These results suggest that Zn defi ciency increases pain response, especially in chronic pain.
Asunto(s)
Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Errores Innatos del Metabolismo de los Metales , Dolor CrónicoRESUMEN
The purpose of present study was to compare the effects of somatostatin (SOM) and morphine (Mor) on the responses of wide dynamic range (WDR) cells to peripheral noxious stimulation. Single neuronal activity was recorded with a carbon-filament electrode at the lumbosacral enlargement of cat spinal cord. After identifying WDR cells, their responses to peripheral noxious mechanical or thermal stimuli were characterized and the effects of SOM and Mor, applied either iontophoretically or intrathecally, were studied. In most cells SOM and Mor suppressed noxious stimulus-evoked WDR neuronal activity, though a few WDR neurons showed no change or were excited by SOM and Mor. Systemically applied naloxone, a non-specific opioid antagonist, always reversed the Mor induced suppression of neuronal activity evoked by noxious mechanical stimuli, but did not always reverse the suppression of neuronal activity elicited by SOM. The suppressive effect of Mor on thermal stimulus-evoked neuronal activity was partially reversed by naloxone, while that of SOM were not reversed at all. The above results suggest that both Mor and SOM exert an inhibitory effect on thermal and mechanical stimulus-evoked WDR neuronal activity in cat spinal dorsal horn, but the mechanisms are dependent upon the functional populations of dorsal horn nociceptive neurons.