Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de resiliencia de Wagnild y Young en personas adultas mayores costarricenses / Psychometric Properties of The Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale in Costa Rican Older Adults / Propriedades psicométricas da escala de resiliência wagnild e young em pessoas idosas da Costa Rica

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de resiliencia de Wagnild y Young, versión argentina, en un grupo de personas adultas mayores costarricenses. Materiales y métodos: Se contó con un grupo piloto (N = 40, X = 69.38) y otro para el análisis de las propiedades psicométricas (N = 100, X = 69.31). Se utilizó la escala de resiliencia de Wagnild y Young, versión argentina, de 25 ítems. Se efectuó un análisis por juicio de personas expertas y un estudio piloto, para establecer la escala por validar; posterior a esto, se realizó el estudio de validación completo. Se aplicaron análisis factoriales y alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: El análisis factorial extrajo dos factores denominados: a) "capacidad de autoeficacia" y b) "capacidad de propósito y sentido de vida". La consistencia interna en el nivel global fue 0.84 (21 ítems); para el primer factor, 0.81, y para el segundo factor, 0.74. Conclusiones: El instrumento es confiable y válido para valorar los niveles de resiliencia desde una óptica integral e interdisciplinaria, en una población de personas adultas mayores con las características similares a las de la muestra estudiada. A futuro, se recomienda realizar análisis cualitativos para delimitar mejor los constructos, con base en las características de la población.

Abstract Purpose: To analyze the psychometric characteristics of the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale Argentine version in a Costa Rican elderly group. Materials and methods: The study had two groups, one for the pilot study (N = 40, X = 69.38), and another for the analysis of the psychometric properties (N = 100, X = 69.31). The 25-item Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale, Argentine version, was used. An analysis by expert judgment and a pilot study were carried out to establish the scale to be validated, after which, the complete validation study was carried out. Factor analyzes and Cronbach's alpha were applied. Results: They were obtained two factors named: a) "selfefficacy capacity", and b) "purpose in life capacity". The global internal consistency was 0.84, for the first factor was 0.81 and for the second factor was 0.74. Conclusions: The scale generated is reliable and valid to assess resilience in an elderly people with similar characteristics to the present study. In the future, it is recommended to carry out qualitative analyzes to better define the constructs based on the characteristics of the population.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Resiliência Wagnild e Young, versão argentina, em um grupo de pessoas idosas costarriquenhas. Materiais e métodos: Um grupo piloto (N = 40, X = 69,38) e outro grupo para a análise das propriedades psicométricas (N = 100, X = 69,31) foram utilizados. A Escala de Resiliência Wagnild e Young, versão argentina, com 25 itens, foi utilizada. Para estabelecer a escala a ser validada, foi realizada uma análise de julgamento por especialistas e um estudo piloto, após o qual foi realizado o estudo de validação completo. A análise fatorial e o alfa de Cronbach foram aplicados. Resultados: A análise fatorial extraiu dois fatores: a) "capacidade de autoeficácia" e b) "capacidade de propósito e significado na vida". A consistência interna ao nível global foi de 0,84 (21 itens); para o primeiro fator foi de 0,81 e para o segundo fator foi de 0,74. Conclusões: O instrumento é confiável e válido para avaliar níveis de resiliência a partir de uma perspectiva holística e interdisciplinar em uma população de idosos com características semelhantes às da amostra estudada. Recomendam-se futuras análises qualitativas para melhor delimitar as construções com base nas características da população.

Calidad de atención de enfermería en el adulto mayor hospitalizado: Revisión sistemática

El adulto mayor hospitalizado requiere atención especial debido a sus necesidades de salud, como manejar diversas condiciones médicas, evitar caídas y úlceras, dolor y discapacidad. Por lo tanto, el personal de enfermería desempeña un rol vital en el cuidado de estos pacientes, pues les brindan atención directa y constante en todos los aspectos fundamentales para su bienestar general. Objetivo. Identificar los factores que influyen en la calidad de atención del personal de enfermería al adulto mayor hospitalizado. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática en las siguientes bases de datos: Scopus, Scielo y Wos. Se analizaron 83 documentos luego de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión planteados; en las publicaciones se demuestra que, la calidad referida a la atención de enfermería, actualmente, es influenciada por los siguientes factores: coordinación y continuidad de cuidados, profundización en el conocimiento especializado, integración de tecnología e innovación, cuidado centrado en el paciente y colaboración interdisciplinaria y ambiente de práctica. Conclusión. La atención a adultos mayores hospitalizados requiere coordinación, continuidad y formación especializada para abordar enfermedades complejas y adaptarse a necesidades individuales. La tecnología mejora la atención, pero debe protegerse la privacidad. Enfoque en el paciente, colaboración interdisciplinaria y un ambiente colaborativo son esenciales para una atención efectiva.

Hospitalized older adults require special attention due to their health needs, such as managing various medical conditions, preventing falls and ulcers, pain and disability. Therefore, nurses play a vital role in the care of these patients, as they provide direct and constant attention to them in all aspects fundamental to their overall well-being. Objective. To identify the factors that influence the quality of care provided by nursing staff to hospitalized older adults. Methodology. A systematic review was carried out in the following databases: Scopus, Scielo and Wos. Eighty-three documents were analyzed after applying the proposed inclusion and exclusion criteria; the publications show that the quality of nursing care is currently influenced by the following factors: coordination and continuity of care, deepening of specialized knowledge, integration of technology and innovation, patient-centered care, interdisciplinary collaboration and practice environment. Conclusion. Care of hospitalized older adults requires coordination, continuity, and specialized training to address complex illnesses and adapt to individual needs. Technology improves care, but privacy must be protected. Patient focus, interdisciplinary collaboration, and a collaborative environment are essential for effective care.

Os idosos hospitalizados requerem uma atenção especial devido às suas necessidades de saúde, tais como a gestão de várias condições médicas, a prevenção de quedas e úlceras, a dor e a incapacidade. Por conseguinte, os enfermeiros desempenham um papel vital nos cuidados prestados a estes doentes, prestando uma atenção direta e constante a todos os aspectos fundamentais para o seu bem-estar geral. Objetivo. Identificar os factores que influenciam a qualidade dos cuidados prestados pela equipa de enfermagem aos idosos hospitalizados. Metodologia. Foi efectuada uma revisão sistemática nas seguintes bases de dados: Scopus, Scielo e Wos. Foram analisados 83 documentos após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão propostos; as publicações mostram que a qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem é atualmente influenciada pelos seguintes factores: coordenação e continuidade dos cuidados, aprofundamento do conhecimento especializado, integração da tecnologia e inovação, cuidados centrados no doente e colaboração interdisciplinar e ambiente de prática. Conclusões. Os cuidados prestados aos idosos hospitalizados requerem coordenação, continuidade e formação especializada para tratar doenças complexas e adaptar-se às necessidades individuais. A tecnologia melhora os cuidados, mas a privacidade deve ser protegida. A centralidade no doente, a colaboração interdisciplinar e um ambiente de colaboração são essenciais para a eficácia dos cuidados.

Use of potentially inappropriate medications and medications of concern in older adults with multiple myeloma / Utilização de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados e medicamentos que requerem cautela em idosos com mieloma múltiplo

Objetivo: Analisar o uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPIs) e o uso de medicamentos usados em terapia de suporte que requerem cautela em idosos com câncer (MTSRCICs), determinando os fatores associados. Visou-se também determinar a concordância entre os critérios explícitos empregados na identificação de MPI. Metodologia: Estudo transversal com indivíduos com mieloma múltiplo (MM), idade ≥ 60 anos em tratamento ambulatorial. Os MPI foram identificados de acordo com os critérios AGS Beers 2019, PRISCUS 2.0 e o Consenso Brasileiro de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados (CBMPI). Os MTSRCIC foram definidos de acordo com a National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Os fatores associados ao uso de MPI e MTSRCIC foram identificados por regressão logística múltipla. O grau de concordância entre os três critérios explícitos empregados no estudo foi mensurado pelo coeficiente kappa Cohen. Resultados: As frequências de MPI foram 52,29% (AGS Beers 2019), 62,74% (CBMPI), 65,36% (PRISCUS 2.0) e 52,29% (MTSRCICs). As concordâncias entre AGS Beers 2019 com PRISCUS 2,0 e com CBMPI foram altas, enquanto a concordância entre CBMPI e PRISCUS 2.0 foi excelente. No modelo final de regressão logística polifarmácia foi associada positivamente ao uso de MPI por idosos para os três critérios explícitos utilizados, além de associado à utilização de MTSRCICs. Conclusões: A frequência do uso de MPI e de MTSRCIC foi elevada. A concordância em relação ao uso de MPI entre os critérios AGS Beers 2019, CBMPI e PRISCUS 2.0 foi alta ou excelente. A polifarmácia apresentou associação independente e positiva com uso de MPIs e de MTSRCICs por pacientes idosos com MM. (AU)

Objectives: To analyze the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and medications used in supportive therapy that require caution in older adults with cancer, in addition to determining associated factors the agreement between criteria sets used to identify PIMs. Methods: This cross-sectional study included individuals with multiple myeloma aged ≥ 60 years who were undergoing outpatient treatment. PIMs were identified according to American Geriatric Society Beers 2019, PRISCUS 2.0, and Brazilian Consensus on Potentially Inappropriate Medicines criteria. Medications of concern were defined according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria. Factors associated with the use of PIMs and medications of concern were identified using multiple logistic regression. The degree of agreement between the 3 criteria sets was measured using Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results: The frequency of PIM use was 52.29% according to American Geriatric Society Beers criteria, 62.74% according to Brazilian Consensus criteria, and 65.36% according to PRISCUS criteria, while 52.29% of the patients were using medications of concern. Agreement between American Geriatric Society Beers, PRISCUS, and Brazilian Consensus criteria was high, while it was excellent between Brazilian Consensus and PRISCUS criteria. In the final logistic regression model, polypharmacy was associated with PIM use according to each criteria set, as well as the use of medications of concern. Conclusions: The frequency of PIMs and medications of concern was high. Agreement about PIM use between the American Geriatric Society Beers, Brazilian Consensus, and PRISCUS criteria was high or excellent. There was an independent association between polypharmacy and the use of PIMs and medications of concern by older patients with multiple myeloma. (AU)

Promoción de actividades físicas para adultos mayores: Una estrategia educativa para estudiantes de Gerontología

En la actualidad, existe una tendencia progresiva al envejecimiento de la población. El propósito de esta investigación consistió exponer una estrategia educativa para los estudiantes del 5.º nivel de Gerontología que contribuya a la promoción de la actividad física en el adulto mayor. La investigación se enmarcó en una metodología mixta y un diseño descriptivo de corte transversal. Se emplearon métodos científicos que en el orden teórico se encuentran análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo y el sistémico estructural, y como métodos empíricos la revisión documental, la observación, la encuesta y entrevistas, las cuales fueron aplicadas a una muestra de 38 sujetos y revelan la importancia de la actividad física como estrategia que permite alcanzar un envejecimiento activo y con calidad de vida en la tercera edad. Según estos resultados, la aplicación de una estrategia educativa estructurada en tres etapas y dos fases contribuye a la autogestión del aprendizaje de los estudiantes, donde el contexto profesional se convierte en un auténtico espacio de formación.

Atualmente, há uma tendência progressiva de envelhecimento da população. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi apresentar uma estratégia educacional para estudantes do 5º nível de Gerontologia que contribua para a promoção da atividade física em idosos. A pesquisa foi enquadrada em uma metodologia mista e um desenho descritivo transversal. Foram utilizados os métodos científicos teórico, indutivo-dedutivo e sistêmico-estrutural, e os métodos empíricos foram revisão documental, observação, inquérito e entrevistas, que foram aplicados a uma amostra de 38 sujeitos e revelam a importância da atividade física como estratégia para alcançar o envelhecimento ativo e a qualidade de vida dos idosos. De acordo com esses resultados, a aplicação de uma estratégia educacional estruturada em três etapas e duas fases contribui para o autogerenciamento da aprendizagem dos alunos, em que o contexto profissional se torna um autêntico espaço de treinamento.

Currently, there is a progressive trend towards population aging. The purpose of this research was to present an educational strategy for students of the 5th level of Gerontology that contributes to the promotion of physical activity in older adults. The research was framed in a mixed methodology and a cross-sectional descriptive design. Scientific methods were used that in the theoretical order include analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive and structural systemic and as empirical methods documentary review, observation, survey and interviews, applied to a sample of 38 subjects. The study revealed the importance of physical activity as a strategy that allows achieving active aging with quality of life. According to these results, the application of an educational strategy, structured in three stages and two phases, contributes to the self-management of student learning, where the professional context becomes an authentic training space.

Prevalence and risk factors for falls among older Chinese adults in the community: findings from the CLHLS study

Older adults have a high prevalence of falls due to a decline in physiological functions and various chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for falls among older individuals in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We collected information from 9737 older individuals (average age=84.26 years) from the CLHLS and used binary logistic regression analysis to explore the independent risk factors and protective factors for falls. The logistic regression analysis results are reported as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). The prevalence of falls among older adults in China was 21.6%, with women (24.6%) having a higher prevalence than men (18.1%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that never (or rarely) eating fresh fruit, difficulty with hearing, cataracts, and arthritis were the common independent risk factors for falls in older Chinese men and women. Among men, age ≥80 years (aOR=1.86), never doing housework (aOR=1.36), and dyslipidemia (aOR=1.47) were risk factors, while eating milk products once a week was a protective factor. Alcohol consumption (aOR=1.40), physical labor (aOR=1.28), and heart disease (aOR=1.21) were risk factors for falls in women, while a daily sleep duration of 6-12 h and garlic consumption once a week were protective factors. The prevalence of falls among older adults in China is 21.6% and is greater in women than in men. These risk and protective factors can be used to formulate reasonable recommendations for living habits, diet, and chronic disease control strategies.

Interacciones potenciales entre productos herbolarios con fármacos hipoglucemiantes en adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus, en una zona rural mexicana / Potenciais interacções entre produtos à base de plantas e medicamentos hipoglicemiantes em adultos mais velhos com diabetes mellitus no Mexico rural / Potential interactions between herbal products with hypoglycemic drugs in older adults with diabetes mellitus in rural Mexico

Introducción: El 50% de la población mundial usa tratamientos alternativos como productos herbarios. El 20% los consume de manera simultánea con algún tratamiento farmacológico para el control la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2; enfermedad prevalente en adultos mayores. Es escasa la información acerca de las interacciones medicamentosas que pudieran producirse, siendo responsables de más de 7,000 muertes al año. Objetivo: Identificar los productos herbarios de mayor consumo del Adulto Mayor con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, en Chapulco, Puebla, México y describir las posibles interacciones medicamentosas entre fármaco hipoglucemiante ­ producto herbario reportados en la literatura científica. Metodología: Estudio observacional, prolectivo, transversal, descriptivo, en una población de 35 adultos mayores diabéticos, con edad promedio de 70±7 años. Para la identificación de los productos herbarios de uso común y sus aplicaciones terapéuticas se aplicó el cuestionario U-PLANMED. Resultados: Se identificaron 50 productos herbarios y 18 combinaciones entre estos a la vez. El 40% de los participantes consumen simultáneamente más de dos productos herbarios con uno o dos fármacos hipoglucemiantes. Entre los productos de mayor consumo se encuentran el nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica L.), la manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla L.) y el zacate de limón (Cymbopogon citratus DC. Stapf.). Las interacciones medicamentosas potenciales identificadas, principalmente en estudios experimentales en animales, sugieren que, existe una acción hipoglucemiante del producto herbario al aumentar la capacidad orgánica sobre la secreción/liberación de insulina endógena. Conclusiones: Se ha evidenciado la presencia de interacciones medicamentosas ante el consumo simultaneo de fármacos prescritos para el control de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con productos herbarios. Es necesario que, los profesionales en atención a la salud identifiquen el uso de dichos productos y orienten a los adultos mayores sobre las posibles repercusiones en los niveles de glucosa ante el consumo.

Introduction: 50% of the world's population uses alternative treatments such as herbal products. Twenty percent use them in conjunction with some form of pharmacological treatment to control type 2 diabetes mellitus, a disease prevalent in older adults. There is little information on the drug interactions that may occur, which are responsible for more than 7,000 deaths per year. Objective: To identify the most consumed herbal products among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chapulco, Puebla, Mexico, and to describe the possible drug-drug interactions between hypoglycemic drugs and herbal products reported in the scientific literature. Methodology: Observational, prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study in a population of 35 diabetic older adults with a mean age of 70±7 years. The U-PLANMED questionnaire was used to identify commonly used herbal products and their therapeutic applications. Results: Fifty herbal products and 18 combinations of them were identified. Forty percent of the participants used more than two herbal products simultaneously with one or two hypoglycemic drugs. The most used products included prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica L.), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus DC. Stapf.). Potential drug-drug interactions identified mainly in experimental animal studies suggest that there is a hypoglycemic effect of the herbal product by increasing the organic capacity on endogenous insulin secretion/release. Conclusions: The presence of drug-drug interactions has been demonstrated with the simultaneous consumption of drugs prescribed for the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus with herbal products. It is necessary for health care professionals to recognize the use of such products and to inform older adults about the possible repercussions on glucose levels when consuming them.

Introdução: 50% da população mundial utiliza tratamentos alternativos como os produtos à base de plantas. Vinte por cento utilizam-nos em conjunto com algum tipo de tratamento farmacológico para controlar a diabetes mellitus tipo 2, uma doença prevalente em adultos mais velhos. Há pouca informação sobre as interacções medicamentosas que podem ocorrer e que são responsáveis por mais de 7.000 mortes por ano. Objetivos: Identificar os produtos fitoterápicos mais consumidos entre os idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em Chapulco, Puebla, México, e descrever as possíveis interações medicamentosas entre medicamentos hipoglicemiantes e produtos fitoterápicos relatados na literatura científica. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, prospetivo, transversal e descritivo numa população de 35 idosos diabéticos com uma idade média de 70±7 anos. O questionário U-PLANMED foi utilizado para identificar os produtos fitoterápicos mais utilizados e suas aplicações terapêuticas. Resultados: Foram identificados 50 produtos à base de plantas e 18 combinações dos mesmos. Quarenta por cento dos participantes utilizaram mais de dois produtos à base de plantas em simultâneo com um ou dois medicamentos hipoglicemiantes. Os produtos mais utilizados foram o cato de figo da Índia (Opuntia ficus-indica L.), a camomila (Matricaria chamomilla L.) e o capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus DC. Stapf.). As potenciais interacções medicamentosas identificadas principalmente em estudos experimentais em animais sugerem que existe um efeito hipoglicémico do produto à base de plantas através do aumento da capacidade orgânica na secreção/libertação de insulina endógena. Conclusões: A presença de interacções medicamentosas foi demonstrada com o consumo simultâneo de medicamentos prescritos para o controlo da diabetes mellitus tipo 2 com produtos à base de plantas. É necessário que os profissionais de saúde reconheçam o uso de tais produtos e informem os idosos sobre as possíveis repercussões nos níveis de glicose ao consumi-los.

Asociación entre la depresión y variables sociodemográficas en el adulto mayor en el Perú / Association between Depression and Sociodemographic Variables in the Elderly in Peru / Associação entre depressão e variáveis sociodemográficas em idosos no Peru

en el artículo se analizan la depresión, variables sociodemográficas y su asociación entre ellas en adultos mayores en el Perú. Materiales y métodos: se usó un estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional a una submuestra de 5247 adultos mayores. Se emplearon los datos generados por la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud (endes) del 2019, utilizando el instrumento de investigación: Patient Healtth Questionnarie (phq-9) de nueve preguntas y las variables sociodemográficas, incluidas en los cuestionarios de salud, características del hogar y la vivienda, de la endes 2019. Para el estudio estadístico se usó el modelo de regresión logística múltiple,para establecer si existía asociación entre depresión y variables sociode-mográficas. Resultados: los resultados señalan que el 15.3 % de las personas de 60 años a más presenta una depresión moderada, moderadamente severa y severa. Asimismo, se encontró que la depresión y las variables sociodemográficas (nivel de instrucción, diabetes, índice de riqueza, sexo y grupo etario) están relacionadas; sin embargo, no están relacionadas con las variables hábito de fumar, obesidad, tener pareja y lugar de residencia. Conclusiones: la depresión está relacionada con algunas variables sociodemográficas consideradas en este estudio. La depresión en adultos mayores se está convirtiendo en un significativo problema de salud pública, más frecuente en mujeres, edades avanzadas, áreas rurales, niveles socioe-conómicos bajos, menores niveles educativos, presión arterial, discapacidad y consumo problemático de alcohol; condiciones que deben tenerse en cuenta para la implementación de políticas públicas.

We analyzed depression, sociodemographic variables, and the association between them in older adults in Peru. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study was conducted, including 5,247 older adults. The data was extracted from the 2019 Demographic and Health Survey (endes) using the Patient Health Questionnaire (phq-9) of nine questions. The health questionnaires also included sociodemographic variables, household characteristics, and housing-related questions. A multiple logistic regression model was used to determine if there was an association between depression and sociodemographic variables. Results: Approximately 15.3% of older adults had a history of depression (moderate, moderately severe, and severe). We identified a relationship between depression and some sociodemographic variables (education level, diabetes, wealth index, sex, and age group). However, depres-sion was not related to smoking habits, obesity, having a partner, and place of residence. Conclusions: Depression was related to some of the sociodemographic variables considered in this study. Depression in older adults is becoming a significant public health problem, more frequent in women, advanced ages, rural areas, low socioeconomic levels, lower educational levels, blood pressure, disability, and problem-atic alcohol consumption. These conditions must be considered in the implementation of public policies

Introdução: no presente artigo analisa-se a depressão, variáveis sociodemográficas e a associação entre elas em idosos no Peru. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal, descritivo e correlacional, com uma suba-mostra de 5247 idosos. Foram utilizados os dados gerados pela "Pesquisa Demográfica e de Saúde" (do espanhol endes) do ano de 2019, utilizando como instrumento de pesquisa o: Patient Health Questionnarie (phq-9) de nove questões e as variáveis sociodemográficas, incluídas nos questionários de saúde, domiciliar e características de moradia, do endes 2019. Para o estudo estatístico, foi utilizado o modelo de regres-são logística múltipla para verificar se havia associação entre depressão e variáveis sociodemográficas. Resultados: os resultados indicam que 15,3 por cento das pessoas com 60 anos ou mais apresentam um nível de depressão moderada, moderadamente grave e grave. Da mesma forma, verificou-se que a depressão e as variáveis sociodemográficas (escolaridade, diabetes, índice de riqueza, sexo e faixa etária) estão relacionadas; entretanto, não estão relacionados com as variáveis hábito de fumar, obesidade, ter companheiro e local de residência. Conclusões: a depressão está relacionada com algumas das variáveis sociodemográficas consideradas neste estudo. A depressão em idosos está se tornando um problema sig-nificativo de saúde pública, mais frequente em mulheres, idades avançadas, áreas rurais, níveis socioeco-nómicos baixos, níveis educacionais mais baixos, pressão arterial, deficiência e consumo problemático de álcool; condições que devem ser levadas em conta para a implementação de políticas públicas.

Association of short-term exposure to ambient PM1 with hospital admissions for angina in older adults / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To quantitatively evaluate the association of short-term exposure to ambient submicron particulate matter (PM1) with hospital admissions for angina in older adults. Methods A case-crossover study was conducted among 46 687 older adults hospitalized for angina from 2016 to 2019 in Guangzhou medical institutions. Grid data on ambient PM1 concentrations in Guangzhou were obtained from the ChinaHighAirPollutants (CHAP) dataset. Exposure to PM1 was assessed according to each subject's residential addresses. Conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the the exposure-response association between PM1 and hospital admissions for angina. Results From 2016 to 2019, the average exposure level of PM1 on the same day of hospital admissions (lag 0) for angina was 21.0 ± 11.5 μg/m3. The results of main model analysis showed that lag 0 day exposure to ambient PM1 was significantly associated with a higher odds of hospital admissions for angina in older adults. Each 10 μg/m3 increase of PM1 exposure level was significantly associated with a 1.31% (95% CI: 0.05%, 2.59%) increased odds of angina admissions. Results from a two-pollutant model adjusting for O3 showed that the association between short-term exposure to PM1 and odds of hospitalization for angina remained stable. According to the results of the above model, it was estimated that the excess hospitalization attributable to ambient PM1 exposure accounted for 2.46% (95% CI: 0.09%, 4.76%) of the total admissions in Guangzhou during 2016-2019, corresponding to 1539 (95% CI: 54, 2976) admissions. No significant effect modification on the associations was observed by sex, age, or season. Conclusion Short-term exposure to ambient PM1 was significantly associated with an increased odds of hospital admissions for angina in older adults.

Health benefit of mindfulness intervention for older adults with insomnia disorders: a systematic review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the health benefits of mindfulness interventions for older adults with insomnia disorders. MethodsThematic keyword search was conducted in databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data, for literature on the impact of mindfulness intervention on sleep quality in older adults with insomnia disorders, published up to August, 2023. The methodological quality of the researches was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Insomnia disorders, sleep function and mindfulness interventions were coded using International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and International Classification of Health Interventions Beta-3； and a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA. ResultsNine researches from four countries were included, involving 800 participants, and all the researches were randomized controlled trials. The average score of PEDro scale was 7.1. The health-related conditions were insomnia disorders and insomnia disorders complicated with mild cognitive impairment. Mindfulness interventions used included mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia, mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness meditation. Interventions were implemented in institutions or health centers, care facilities, and community health service centers, varying from six to eight weeks. Health benefits of mindfulness intervention included improvements in sleep quality and psychological and behavioral health. ConclusionMindfulness interventions effectively improve sleep quality in older adults with insomnia disorders, alleviate negative emotional states such as depression, anxiety and perceived stress, and improve the quality of life.

Effect of active music therapy on cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment: a systematic review based on ICD-11 and ICF / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the effect of active music therapy on cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment based on International Classification of Diseases, the 11th Revision (ICD-11), and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsA PICO framework was constructed. Thematic keyword searches were conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang data, for literature on the effect of active music therapy on cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment, published up to November 5th, 2023. Information on authors, countries, publication date, sample characteristics, study designs, intervention methods, measurement tools and outcomes were extracted. The methodological quality of the researches was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. ResultsEight researches from six countries were included, which were all randomized controlled trials involving 356 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The articles were published from 2014 to 2020, with an average of 7.4 of the PEDro scale. Active music therapy was used by singing and playing instruments. Interventions took place in hospitals, nursing homes, and health centers. The intervention duration ranged from mostly 30 to 60 minutes a time, with a few 120 minutes a time. Interventions were implemented mostly one to three times a week, lasting from eight to twelve weeks. Health outcomes focused on cognitive function, including overall cognitive function, executive function, attention function and memory function. ConclusionA theoretical framework for the benefits of active music therapy on the cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment has been constructed based on ICD-11 and ICF. Active music therapy can improve overall cognitive function, executive function, attention function and memory function for older adults with cognitive impairment.

Barriers and Drivers of Physical Activity Participation Among Older Adults in Malaysia: A Systematic Review

@#Introduction: Ageing is commonly linked with physical inactivity. This review was performed to identify the factors associated with participation in physical activity among older adults in Malaysia. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using five databases; Pubmed, Sagepub, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Science Direct. Observational and intervention studies published between January 2010 and December 2020 were included, with Malaysian older adults aged 55 years and older being the main subject. Results: A total of 9 articles were included in the review. Analysis was guided by the Social Ecological Model for Health Promotion. The review had successfully identified gender, age, education level, health reasons, ethnicity and attitude as intrapersonal factors, social support (friend) and marital status as interpersonal factors, and locality as well as availability of facilities as environmental factors. Conclusions: Physical activity participation among Malaysian older adults were mainly determined by intrapersonal factors, particularly gender, health condition and educational level.

Impact of a Tailored Self-Management Education Programme for Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis in a Multi-Ethnic Country / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Self-management education program (SMEP) is essential in the knee osteoarthritis (OA) management. While the benefits of tailored SMEP have been highlighted in the literature, evidence on the effects of tailored knee OA SMEP for multiethnic populations, such as in Malaysia, remains limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct an intervention study on a tailored SMEP among Malaysian older adults who aged 60 years and above with knee OA. Participants aged 60 years and over with a diagnosis of knee OA were recruited. The intervention comprised four weekly structured group SMEP which was developed specifically for the multicultural population in Malaysia. Symptom’s severity and functional performance were assessed at baseline and six-week follow-up using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score questionnaire (KOOS), 30 seconds sit to stand (30sST), time up and go (TUG), chair sit and reach (CSR), back stretch (BS), handgrip strength (HGS) and two-minute walk (2MW) tests. Of the 32 individuals recruited, 30 participants, mean age of 66.77 (±6.42) years, completed the post-intervention assessment. Improvements in mean KOOS domains scores were observed by between 1.3% - 8.6% from baseline to follow-up. Significant differences between baseline and followup scores were identified for 30sST (p < 0.05), TUG ( p < 0.001) and 2MW (p < 0.001) tests. A 4-week tailored SMEP delivered face to face by a physiotherapist, improved lower limb muscle strength, mobility, balance and endurance. Larger randomized controlled trials regarding the long-term effects of SMEP for older adults with OA is warranted.

Pembentukan Panduan Pemakanan ‘Right Diet 4 Senior’ dan Tahap Penerimaannya dalam Kalangan Warga Emas di Mukim Beranang, Selangor (Development and Evaluation of Menu and Therapeutic Diet Guideline ‘Right Diet 4 Senior’ among Older Adults and Their Caregivers in Rural Area of Malaysia) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Older adults often had multiple non-communicable diseases (NCD) that will increase the risk of malnutrition. This study aimed to determine the health and nutrition status of the older adults residing in a rural area of Malaysia in Beranang, Selangor and to develop a nutrition guideline for older adults in community. This study involved two phases that includes need assessment (phase 1) and development of nutrition guideline and acceptance evaluation phase (phase 2). A total of 36 older adults were conveniently recruited for the need assessment phase in obtaining sociodemographic, health and nutrition status data. Results from phase 1 shows that 66.7% of older adults were diagnosed with a minimum one NCD, mainly hypertension (50%) and diabetes mellitus (27.8%). Food history showed that the older adults did not meet their requirement for energy, fat, folate, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, zinc and potassium. They also did not meet the requirement of serving size for fruits, vegetables, legumes, milk and milk products. Therefore, a nutrition guideline and diet therapeutic menu focuses on diabetes mellitus and hypertension has been developed for older adults and the caregivers. Evaluation of acceptance of the content of the guideline involved caregivers (n=20) and health professionals (n=7). A total of 85% caregivers agreed that the content was easy to understand, however, a few modifications must be done to attract and increase understanding towards the contents of the guideline. Professionals agreed that the addition of pictures, illustration and colours can help to transfer the information more effectively and more acceptable by caregivers and older adults. In conclusion, half of the older adults in this particular rural area have NCD and did not meet requirement for several macronutrients and micronutrients and serving size of fruits, vegetables, legumes and milk and milk products. Thus, a guideline for menu and therapeutic diet (Right Diet for Senior) was developed and was well accepted by the caregivers and health professionals.

Impact of functional independence and sociodemographic factors on post-stroke discharge destination in a super-aged rural community in Japan / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the factors influencing the discharge destination of stroke patients in a super-aged rural community in Japan, focusing on functional independence and sociodemographic factors.Patients and Methods: We enrolled patients recovering from stroke with supratentorial lesions who were admitted to our convalescent rehabilitation hospital. The motor components of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM-motor) were assessed for each patient at admission and discharge as explanatory variables. An increase in the FIM-motor scores during hospitalization was also recorded. Additionally, sociodemographic data such as sex, age, and clinical characteristics, such as type of stroke, history of stroke, days from stroke onset to transfer to our convalescent rehabilitation hospital, total duration of hospital stay including acute care, number of co-resident household members, living with a spouse, and number of children were collected. As target values, discharge outcomes were categorized into two groups: returning home and going to a nursing home. Logistic regression analysis was performed.Results: The study sample comprised 160 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 74.80 ± 12.19 years). Of these, 114 were discharged to their homes, and 46 were transferred to nursing homes. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that higher FIM-motor scores at discharge, greater number of co-resident household members, and living with one’s spouse were the most powerful predictors of a higher probability of returning home.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that functional independence levels and the number of co-resident household members were crucial factors in predicting the discharge destination of patients after stroke in a super-aged rural community in Japan. These findings imply that for older patients with lower functional independence, supportive social networks are essential for home discharge, offering clues for providing long-term healthcare in super-aged rural communities worldwide.

Potentially inappropriate medications with older people in intensive care and associated factors: a historic cohort study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in critical care units remains limited, especially in terms of the factors associated with their use. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and factors associated with PIMs use in intensive care units. DESIGN AND SETTING: Historical cohort study was conducted in a high-complexity hospital in Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 314 patients aged ≥ 60 years who were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) at a high-complexity hospital in Brazil. The dates were extracted from a "Patient Safety Project" database. A Chi-square test, Student's t-test, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess which factors were associated with PIMs. The statistical significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: According to Beers' criteria, 12.8% of the identified drugs were considered inappropriate for the elderly population. The incidence rate of PIMs use was 45.8%. The most frequently used PIMs were metoclopramide, insulin, antipsychotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and benzodiazepines. Factors associated with PIMs use were the number of medications (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17), length of hospital stay (OR = 1.07), and excessive potential drug interactions (OR = 2.43). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of the older adults in ICUs received PIM. Patients taking PIMs had a longer length of stay in the ICU, higher numbers of medications, and higher numbers of potential drug interactions. In ICUs, the use of explicit methods combined with clinical judgment can contribute to the safety and quality of medication prescriptions.

Quality of life of older adults in Family Health Strategy: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: With the increase in the older adult population, it is essential to identify the living and health conditions that can impact the quality of life of these individuals. OBJECTIVES: To identify the domains and factors associated with the quality of life of older adults under the Family Health Strategy program. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the municipality of Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. METHODS: We assessed 449 older adults enrolled in the Family Health Strategy program. Data were collected between April and July, 2018. World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-OLD) was used to assess the quality of life (QoL) and multiple linear regression was used to estimate the factors associated with QoL. RESULTS: The QoL domain with the highest score was death and dying (mean = 70.4), and the lowest score was for sensory functions (mean = 61.0 points). The factors associated with QoL were single marital status (β = -4.55; P = 0.014), level of independence for daily living activities (β = 4.92; P < 0.001), self-assessment of regular health (β = 5.35; P < 0.001), and poor health (β = -8.67; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The death and dying domain of QoL presented the highest score. Marital status, impairment in daily activities, and health self-assessment were associated with QoL.

Chronic pain among older adults and its impact on satisfaction with social participation: development and validation of the "Instrument to Assess Older Adults' Social Participation". A descriptive quantitative study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: We aimed to develop and validate a practical instrument to assess older adults' satisfaction with their social participation (SP). DESIGN AND SETTING: This methodological validation study was conducted at a public higher education institution. METHODS: A two-phase study was designed, developed, and validated to assess older adults' satisfaction with their SP. In the first phase, we conceptualized SP and developed an "instrument to assess older adults' satisfaction with their SP (IAPSI)," as approved by a committee of specialists, pre-tested, and partially validated. Second, we determined the IAPSI's reproducibility using Cronbach's alpha to measure internal consistency, Pearson's and Spearman's coefficients to measure correlations, the Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to measure reproducibility. We also generated a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: 102 older adults (mean age, 87.29) participated in the first phase. Moderate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.7) and significant moderate correlations with quality of life by World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-bref and by WHOQOL-old social domains (Pearson's coefficients 0.54 and 0.64, respectively; P < 0.001) were found. The ROC curve indicated an IAPSI score of 17 as the threshold for the impact of pain on satisfaction with SP (83.3% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity, P < 0.001). In the second phase, 56 older adults (between 81 and 90 years old) participated. We found adequate intra- and inter-observer reproducibility for the IAPSI (ICC 0.96 and 0.78, respectively). CONCLUSION: We have developed a practical instrument with appropriate psychometric properties to assess older adults' satisfaction with their SP.

Higher purpose in life and education were associated with better cognition among older adults / Maior propósito de vida e escolaridade se associaram a melhor cognição entre pessoas idosas

Abstract Background With aging, some cognitive abilities change because of neurobiological processes. Cognition may also be influenced by psychosocial aspects. Objective To describe the relationship between a measure of neuroticism, depression symptoms, purpose in life, and cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults. Methods This was a cross-sectional analysis based on the data from the second wave of the Frailty in Brazilian Older Adults (FIBRA) study, carried out between 2016 and 2017. The sample consisted of 419 older people (≥ 72 years old) cognitively unimpaired and mostly with low education. The variables of interest were sociodemographic, Neuroticism domain from the NEO-PI-R, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Purpose in Life (PiL) scale, and a cognitive composite score which included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the scores for the sub-items of the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE), namely, Verbal Fluency (VF) - Animal, Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Episodic Memory (name and address). Results There was a greater number of women (70%), with older age (median = 80 years, IQR = 77-82), and low education (median = 4 years, IQR = 2-5). In the bivariate correlations, years of education (ρ = 0.415; p < 0.001) and PiL (ρ = 0.220; p < 0.001) were positively associated with cognition. Neuroticism (ρ = -0.175; p < 0.001) and depression symptoms (ρ = -0.185; p < 0.001) were negatively associated with cognition. In the logistic regression, after including confounding variables, the associations between cognition and PiL (OR = 2.04; p = 0.007) and education (OR = 1.32; p < 0.001) remained significant. Conclusion Low PiL and low education levels were associated with worse cognition among older adults. Such results may be of relevance in programs that aim to improve cognition among older adults.

Resumo Antecedentes Com o envelhecimento, algumas habilidades cognitivas mudam devido a processos neurobiológicos. A cognição também pode ser influenciada por aspectos psicossociais. Objetivo Descrever as relações entre uma medida de neuroticismo, sintomas depressivos, propósito de vida e o desempenho cognitivo em pessoas idosas residentes na comunidade. Métodos Trata-se de uma análise transversal com base nos dados da segunda onda do estudo de Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros (FIBRA), realizado entre 2016 e 2017. A amostra foi composta por 419 pessoas idosas (≥ 72 anos) cognitivamente saudáveis e em maior parte com baixa escolaridade. As variáveis de interesse foram as sociodemográficas, domínio Neuroticismo do NEO-PI-R, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG) e Escala de Propósito de Vida (PV) e um escore cognitivo composto que incluiu o Miniexame de Estado Mental (MEEM) e as pontuações dos subitens do Miniexame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke (M-ACE), a saber, Fluência Verbal (FV) Animal, Teste do Desenho do Relógio (TDR) e Memória Episódica (nome e endereço). Resultados Houve um maior número de mulheres (70%), com idade elevada (mediana = 80 anos, IIQ = 77-82) e baixa escolaridade (mediana = 4 anos, IIQ = 2-5). Nas correlações bivariadas, anos de escolaridade (ρ = 0,415; p < 0,001) e PV (ρ = 0,220; p < 0,001) foram positivamente associadas à cognição. Neuroticismo (ρ = -0,175; p < 0,001) e sintomas depressivos (ρ = -0,185; p < 0,001) foram negativamente associados à cognição. Na regressão logística, após a inclusão de variáveis de confusão, as associações entre cognição e PV (OR = 2,04; p = 0,007) e escolaridade (OR = 1,32; p < 0,001) permaneceram significativas. Conclusão Baixo PV e baixa escolaridade foram associados à pior cognição em idosos. Tais resultados podem ser relevantes em programas que visam a melhorar a cognição entre pessoas idosas.

Comparison of pre- and postoperative functional dependence in older adults submitted to hip arthroplasty / Comparação do nível de dependência funcional pré e pós-operatório de idosos submetidos à artroplastia de quadril

Abstract Introduction Femur fractures and hip osteoarthritis affect the functional independence of older adults. Hip arthroplasty (HA) is a surgery to treat these conditions and physiotherapy can reduce functional dependence levels. Objective Compare pre- and postoperative functional dependence in older adults submitted to HA, assess the association between functional dependence and independence, and whether age is associated with greater functional dependence in these patients. Methods A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive comparative study with older adult volunteers submitted to HA evaluated before and after surgery using the Katz index and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Comparative analysis was performed via Wilcoxon's matched pairs test and Spearman's correlation. Linear regression was applied to assess the influence of functional dependence on postoperative independence (p < 0.05). Results Forty-eight patients were evaluated in the pre- and postoperative stages using the Katz index, which demonstrated reduced functional dependence after HA. The FIM assessment indicated greater post-operative functional dependence, demonstrating the surgical procedure combined with early physiotherapy while patients were hospitalized promoted functional independence in older adults. Additionally, there was a directly proportional relationship between dependence level and age. Conclusion Functional dependence declined after HA, which improved independence in older adults. Functional dependence affected postoperative independence and age influenced functional dependence.

Resumo Introdução Fraturas de colo do fêmur e osteoartrose no quadril afetam a independência funcional de idosos. A artroplastia de quadril (AQ) é uma cirurgia para tratar essas condições e a fisioterapia pode reduzir o nível de dependência funcional. Objetivo Comparar o nível de dependência funcional pré e pós-operatório de idosos submetidos à AQ, avaliar a associação entre dependência funcional e independência funcional e verificar se a idade está associada à pior dependência funcional destes pacientes. Métodos Estudo transversal, descritivo, quantitativo e de associação, onde voluntários idosos submetidos à AQ foram avaliados no pré e pós-operatório usando o índice de Katz e a Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF). A análise comparativa foi realizada com os testes estatísticos Wilcoxon pareado e correlação de Spearman. Uma regressão linear examinou a influência da dependência funcional na independência pós-operatória (p < 0,05). Resultados Quarenta e oito pacientes foram avaliados tanto no pré quanto no pós-operatório por meio do índice Katz, observando-se uma redução da dependência funcional após o procedimento de AQ. A avaliação da MIF demonstrou que houve aumento da independência funcional no pós-operatório, demonstrando que o procedimento cirúrgico associado à fisioterapia precoce, enquanto o paciente ainda está hospitalizado, promoveu a independência funcional. Além disto, houve uma relação diretamente proporcional entre nível de dependência e idade. Conclusão A dependência funcional reduziu após a cirurgia de AQ e aumentou a independência em idosos. A dependência funcional impactou a independência após a cirurgia e a idade influenciou a dependência funcional.

Psychosocial characteristics and cognitive function in community-dwelling adults over 50 years old from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS)

Aging is an inevitable process that can be associated with cognitive impairment. Evidence about the simultaneous evaluation of psychosocial variables that could be associated with cognitive function is crucial. We aimed to determine the association between psychosocial characteristics and cognition in adults over 50 years in Mexico. The fifth round of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) (2018) provides the basis for this paper. The study is part of a longitudinal analysis, for which wave pasting 2012, 2015, and 2018 were performed. The final sample comprised 6,709 individuals. Ten psychosocial variables were measured through scales or specific questions. Cognition was assessed with the Cross-Cultural Cognitive Examination (CCCE). Confounders included sociodemographics, multimorbidity, and functionality. The analysis was performed by adjusting the regression model. Of the total sample, 2,761 (41.1%) were men; 3,948 (58.8%) were women. The mean age was 68.2 years (SD = 8.1). Cognition is significantly affected in people with higher age (ß=-1.30, Cl 95% -1.54, -.1.06 p= 0.000), less schooling (ß=.559, CI 95% .498, .621 p<0.001), depressive symptoms (ß=-.066, CI 95% -.115, -.018 p=0.007), those who do not perform any volunteer service (ß=-.057, CI 95% -.102, -.102 p=0.013), or do not participate in decision making (ß=-.242, CI 95% -.295, -.189 p<0.001), low internal locus of control (ß=-.012., CI 95% -.023, -.001 p=0.023), and poor economic perception (ß=-.070., CI 95% -.115, -.024 p=0.002). When analyzing the cognitive function of older people, it is vital to consider the possible related psychosocial variables.

El envejecimiento es un proceso inevitable que puede asociarse al deterioro cognitivo. La evidencia sobre la evaluación simultánea de variables psicosociales que pudieran estar asociadas con la función cognitiva es crucial. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la asociación entre las características psicosociales y la cognición en adultos mayores de 50 años en México. La quinta ronda del Estudio Mexicano de Salud y Envejecimiento (ENASEM) (2018) proporciona la base para este trabajo. El estudio forma parte de un análisis longitudinal, para el que se recabaron datos en 2012, 2015 y 2018. La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 6,709 individuos. Se midieron diez variables psicosociales a través de escalas o preguntas específicas. La cognición se evaluó con el Cross-Cultural Cognitive Examination (CCCE). Entre los factores de confusión se incluyeron los sociodemográficos, la multimorbilidad y la funcionalidad. El análisis se realizó ajustando un modelo de regresión. De la muestra total, 2.761 (41,1%) eran hombres; 3.948 (58,8%) eran mujeres. La edad media era de 68,2 años (DE = 8,1). La cognición se ve significativamente afectada en las personas con mayor edad (ß=-1,30, Cl 95% -1,54, -.1.06 p<0.001), menor escolaridad (ß=-.559, IC 95% .498, .621 p<0.001), síntomas depresivos (ß=-.066, IC 95% -.115, -.018 p=0.007), quienes no realizan ningún servicio voluntario (ß=-.057, IC 95% -.102, -.102 p=0. 013), o no participan en la toma de decisiones (ß=-.242, CI 95% -.295, -.189 p<0.001), presentan bajo locus de control interno (ß=-.012., CI 95% -.023, -.001 p=0.023), y pobre percepción económica (ß=-.070., CI 95% -.115, -.024 p=0.002). Al analizar la función cognitiva de las personas mayores, es vital considerar las posibles variables psicosociales relacionadas.

O envelhecimento é um processo inevitável que pode estar associado a défices cognitivos. A evidência sobre a avaliação simultânea de variáveis psicossociais que podem estar associadas à função cognitiva é crucial. O nosso objetivo foi determinar a associação entre as características psicossociais e a cognição em adultos com mais de 50 anos no México. A quinta rodada do Estudo Mexicano de Saúde e Envelhecimento (MHAS) (2018) fornece a base para este artigo. O estudo faz parte de uma análise longitudinal, para a qual foram realizadas colagens de ondas 2012, 2015 e 2018. A amostra final foi composta por 6.709 indivíduos. Dez variáveis psicossociais foram medidas por meio de escalas ou perguntas específicas. A cognição foi avaliada com o Cross-Cultural Cognitive Examination (CCCE). Os factores de confusão incluíram dados sociodemográficos, multimorbilidade e funcionalidade. A análise foi efectuada através do ajuste do modelo de regressão. Da amostra total, 2.761 (41,1%) eram homens; 3.948 (58,8%) eram mulheres. A idade média foi de 68,2 anos (DP = 8,1). A cognição é significativamente afetada nas pessoas com mais idade (ß=-1,30, Cl 95% -1,54, -.1.06 p= 0.000), menor escolaridade (ß=.559, IC 95% .498, .621 p<0.001), sintomas depressivos (ß=-.066, IC 95% -.115, -.018 p=0.007), aqueles que não realizam nenhum serviço voluntário (ß=-.057, IC 95% -.102, -.102 p=0. 013), ou não participam na tomada de decisões (ß=-.242, IC 95% -.295, -.189 p<0.001), baixo locus de controlo interno (ß=-.012., IC 95% -.023, -.001 p=0.023), e fraca perceção económica (ß=-.070., IC 95% -.115, -.024 p=0.002). Ao analisar a função cognitiva dos idosos, é vital considerar as possíveis variáveis psicossociais relacionadas.