RESUMEN
Panic disorder (PD) is an acute paroxysmal anxiety disorder with poorly understood pathophysiology. The dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) is involved in the genesis of PD. However, the downstream neurofunctional changes of the dPAG during panic attacks have yet to be evaluated in vivo. In this study, optogenetic stimulation to the dPAG was performed to induce panic-like behaviors, and in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with F-flurodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) was conducted to evaluate neurofunctional changes before and after the optogenetic stimulation. Compared with the baseline, post-optogenetic stimulation PET imaging demonstrated that the glucose metabolism significantly increased (P < 0.001) in dPAG, the cuneiform nucleus, the cerebellar lobule, the cingulate cortex, the alveus of the hippocampus, the primary visual cortex, the septohypothalamic nucleus, and the retrosplenial granular cortex but significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in the basal ganglia, the frontal cortex, the forceps minor corpus callosum, the primary somatosensory cortex, the primary motor cortex, the secondary visual cortex, and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Taken together, these data indicated that in vivo PET imaging can successfully detect downstream neurofunctional changes involved in the panic attacks after optogenetic stimulation to the dPAG.
RESUMEN
As a common mental disorder, panic disorder (PD) repeats unpredictably and negatively, influencing social function and life quality of patients. With the increasingly fierce social environment, the incidence of PD has been increasing year by year which accounts for an increasing proportion of the global burden of disease. In recent years, research on the relationship between childhood trauma and PD has been increasing, which included the impact of multiple aspects of physical or emotional abuse, physical or emotional neglect, sexual abuse, and family dysfunction on PD. And as a predictor of PD, separation anxiety in childhood is closely related to PD. This paper reviews the research progress of childhood physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and separation from parents of PD patients.