RESUMEN
Objective To explore the viral pathogen spectrum characteristics of acute intestinal infection in Hanzhong from 2019 to 2022. Methods Fecal samples from patients with acute intestinal infection in the outpatient clinic of 3201 Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were collected. Common enteroviruses such as enterovirus 71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus 16 (CV-A16), CV-A10, CV-A6, CV-A2, CV-A4, and CV-B3 were detected and analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results A total of 5 194 fecal samples were collected, and the positive rate of nucleic acid detection was 23.95%. In terms of the enteroviruses, the highest detection rate was 9.82% for EV-A71, followed by 4.58% for CV-A16 and 3.37% for CV-A6. The positive detection rate of common enteroviruses showed statistical difference among different age groups (P0.05). EV-A71 infection showed no seasonal characteristics, whereas the detection of CV-A16 and CV-A6 infections was concentrated in summer and autumn. There were 106 cases of mixed infection, and the prevalence rate was 2.04%, with EV-A71 and CV-A6 mixed infections accounting for the majority of cases. Conclusion The main pathogens of acute intestinal infections in the Hanzhong area from 2019 to 2022 are EV-A71, CV-A16, and CV-A6. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of acute intestinal infections in children aged 4 years and below.
RESUMEN
Objective To analyze the seasonal and epidemiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Chuzhou from 2010 to 2022. Methods The epidemiological data of CAP in Chuzhou from 2010 to 2022 were obtained from the center for diseases control and prevention of Chuzhou City, Anhui Province. After inclusion and exclusion, a total of 1 053 cases were enrolled. General data were collected. Then the characteristics of CAP patients in terms of gender, age, regional and seasonal distribution and pathogenic bacteria distribution were analyzed. Results A total of 316 patients with CAP, with a prevalence rate of 30.01%, including 152 males (48.10%) and 164 females (51.90%). Regarding age, 86 cases (27.22%) at 19-40 years, 106 cases (33.54%) at 41-60 years, and 124 cases (39.24%) at >60 years, suggesting a statistical difference in the CAP detection rate among different genders and ages (P<0.05). Seasonally, 118 cases (37.34%) were detected in spring, 13 cases (4.11%) in summer, 49 cases (15.51%) in autumn, and 136 cases (43.04%) in winter, with the highest CAP detection rate in winter, followed by spring. Pathogenic bacteria were positive in 198 of 316 patients, with a detection rate of 62.66%. A total of 125 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in sputum culture, of which 138 cases were Gram-negative, mainly Escherichia coli (24.24%, 48/198), and 60 cases were Gram-positive, mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae (14.14%, 28/198). Among 198 patients positive for pathogen detection, 41 cases were detected in spring, 37 cases in summer, 56 cases in autumn and 64 cases in winter. The drug sensitivity results showed that Escherichia coli had the highest resistance rate to ampicillin and cefazolin, and was sensitive to imipenem and other antibiotics; Streptococcus pneumoniae has the highest resistance rate to penicillin and erythromycin, and is sensitive to vancomycin. Conclusion CAP is quite common in elderly population in Chuzhou from 2010 to 2022, with a high prevalence rate in spring and winter, and the prevention work of high-risk groups should be strengthened.
RESUMEN
As one of the pathogenic mechanisms contained in The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》）， “disease with latent pathogen induced by a new pathogen” means that the induced new pathogen resulted to a combination of the latent previous pathogen and the new pathogen， which caused the disease. Based on this， it is believed that the change of “nodule-cancer transformation” of pulmonary nodules is actually based on the deficiency of original qi， and the new pathogen induces the latent pathogens like phlegm coagulation， qi stagnation， blood stasis， toxicity， so healthy qi can not drive the pathogens out， and the long-time detention generated into cancerous turbidity， and deve-loped into cancerous tumour at the end. Therefore， based on the three-stage treatment of unformed cancer， dense cancerous toxin， and developed cancer， the clinical practice applied six methods of clearing， expelling， dissipating， tonifying， harmonizing， and transforming， taking into account both the manifestation and root cause， moving the treatment window of pulmonary nodules forward， attacking the pathogens when the toxin was not yet overbearing， supporting the healthy qi before declining， delaying the process of nodules-cancer transformation， and providing ideas for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary nodules “nodule-cancer transformation” in traditional Chinese medicine.
RESUMEN
Abstract Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen implicated in numerous outbreaks worldwide that has the ability to cause extra-intestinal complications in humans. The Enteropathogens Division of the Central Public Health Laboratory (CPHL) in Paraguay is working to improve the genomic characterization of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) to enhance laboratory-based surveillance and investigation of foodborne disease outbreaks. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is proposed worldwide to be used in the routine laboratory as a high-resolution tool that allows to have all the results in a single workflow. This study aimed to carry out for the first time, the genomic characterization by WGS of nine STEC O157:H7 strains isolated from human samples in Paraguay. We were able to identify virulence and resistance mechanisms, MLST subtype, and even establish the phylogenetic relationships between isolates. Furthermore, we detected the presence of strains belonging to hypervirulent clade 8 in most of the isolates studied.
Resumen Escherichia coli O157:H7 es un patógeno transmitido por alimentos implicado en numerosos brotes en todo el mundo y es capaz de causar complicaciones extraintestinales en humanos. La sección de «Enteropatógenos¼ del Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública trabaja en mejorar la caracterización genómica de STEC, de modo de potenciar la vigilancia laboratorial y la investigación de brotes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos. La secuenciación de genoma completo (WGS, por sus siglas en inglés) se propone a nivel mundial como una herramienta de alta resolución para ser utilizada en el laboratorio de rutina, ya que permite obtener todos los resultados en un único proceso. El objetivo de este trabajo fue llevar a cabo, por primera vez, la caracterización genómica por WGS de nueve cepas STEC O157:H7 aisladas en Paraguay a partir de muestras de origen humano. Pudimos identificar los factores de virulencia, los mecanismos de resistencia, el subtipo MLST, e incluso pudimos establecer la relación filogenética entre los aislamientos. Además, detectamos que la mayoría de las cepas pertenecían al clado hipervirulento 8.
RESUMEN
Serious setbacks were witnessed in shrimp farming, the food industry, and the ship industry during the past three decades primarily due to bacterial pathogens that coordinate by quorum sensing (QS). The influence of bacterial pathogens utilizing QS. The impact of QS cell communication on public health is extremely disastrous in terms of spread, spectrum, apart from their economic impact. The overuse of antibiotics has increased drastically to battle bacterial infections, including tons of antibiotics are distributed in the biosphere. Due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, multiple antibiotic-resistant strains have emerged, as the antibiotic resistance genes are being transferred to bacteria of terrestrial animals, humans, and pathogens. The increased public awareness of the negative drawbacks caused by over-exposure to antibiotics, also the emergence of multiple antibiotic resistant pathogenic stains led to the search for alternatives and unique solutions. One such unconventional, promising method is the interruption of bacterial cell to cell communication, which is currently termed QS inhibition. Now-a-days, QS inhibition is the potential objective for antimicrobial chemotherapy. This review summarizes the regulatory factors that attenuate the QS activities of deadly pathogens and discusses their distinctive characteristics. Improving awareness of the natural roles of regulatory elements might be useful in unveiling inhibitor applications to understand how QS is inhibited in pathogenic bacteria by different QS inhibitors.
RESUMEN
Introduction: Kocuria kristinae is a commensal organism, sometimes considered as a lab contaminant, but its repeated isolation from clinical samples in immunocompromised patients should raise red flags. Materials and Methods: We confirmed the infection with re-isolation of the organism from the same site before starting treatment. For the identification of Kocuria kristinae we used IDGP cards on VITEK 2 compact system. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done manually following CLSI guidelines 2018 for Coagulase-negative staphylococci. Results: A total of 510 major head neck oncosurgeries were performed during the period of two years. Out of which 120 patients had skin and soft tissue infections. Out of these infected patients, 90 were culture positive and of these Kocuria kristinae were isolated in 12 patients. Resistance to penicillin and oxacillin is seen in all isolates. Conclusion: Kocuria kristinae should not be ignored as a commensal flora or lab contaminant in immunocompromised hosts. Its Increase in resistance pattern is a matter of concern. It is an ignored opportunistic pathogen whose detailed sensitivity test should be developed to treat patients timely and effectively.
RESUMEN
Background: Achromobacter spp. is a rare nosocomial pathogen known to cause many serious infections like bloodstream infection, osteomyelitis, meningitis, urinary tract infections, corneal ulceration, peritonitis, and endocarditis. Materials and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed all the bacteriological sample records from the bacteriology database from January 2021 to December 2021 to determine the prevalence of Achromobacter spp. Result: Nine patients with Achromobacter xylosoxidans causing bacterial infection were identified, from whom five blood samples, two pus, one respiratory sample, one central venous pressure (CVP), and one cerebrospinal fluid were found positive for Achromobacter spp., among whom one was a 6-year-old patient having the same organism from two different body sites—CVP line and cerebrospinal fluid. Five patients had coinfection with another organism, whereas acute kidney injury was the most common comorbidity. Conclusion: In our single-center experience, approximately 50% of the cases with Achromobacter denitrificans bacteremia suffered from chronic kidney disease and had a history of antibiotic therapy, hospitalization, and the presence of devices. Active research on rising trends of Achromobacter spp. needs to be promoted.
RESUMEN
Mites act as the vectors of zoonotic vector-borne disease scrub typhus caused by the rickettsial pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi. In India, scrub typhus is transmitted by the mite Leptotrombidium deliense. Rodents are the reservoirs and support the spread of this disease. Sarcoptes scabiei or the itch mite is causing scabies which is a common skin infection in India. Dermatitis, trombiculosis, and mite dust allergy are common mite-borne diseases transmitted by Pyemotidae family. D. brevis folliculorum and Demodex brevis are two major mite species found on humans also causing a disease; “Demodicosis”, common in India. Dermanyssus gallinae, fowl mite causes pruritis in poultry birds, transmits infections to poultry workers when they come into contact with birds. There is a re-emergence of mite-borne diseases, especially scrub typhus, in many parts of India requiring urgent attention for its control. This review is aimed to update the available information on mites and mite transmitted diseases prevalent in India to highlight the importance of rodent and chigger mite vector control to prevent forthcoming mite-borne diseases in India.
RESUMEN
Here is our proposal to improve learning in biomedical sciences for graduate and undergraduate courses with a broad vision integrating disciplines such as molecular cell biology, biochemistry, and biophysics around concepts of pathogen interaction within vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Our paradigm is based on the possibility offered by the pandemic to have remote activities that give access to students and researchers from different places in Brazil and Latin American countries to discuss science. A multidisciplinary view of host-pathogen interaction allows us to understand better the mechanisms involved in the pathology of diseases, as well as to formulate broad strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, and control of thereof. The approach to integrating heterogeneous groups in science involves the critical analysis of national scientific resource distribution, where only some have the possibilities to conduct competitive scientific research. Solid theoretical training, contact, collaboration with groups of excellence, and training within a multidisciplinary network are our proposals for a permanent platform of scientific strengthening and dissemination for Latin America. Here we will review the concept of host-pathogen interaction, the type of institutions where it is taught and researched, new trends in active teaching methodologies, and the current political context in science.
RESUMEN
Objective @#To investigate the occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens among medical workers in a tertiary general hospital in Hangzhou City from 2010 to 2022, so as to provide the evidence for improving occupational protective measures among medical workers.@*Methods@#The registration and follow-up data of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens among medical workers from 2010 to 2022 were collected from the blood-borne occupational exposure monitoring system in a tertiary general hospital in Hangzhou City. The population distribution, occurrence, protection and disposal of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method.@*Results@#A total of 1 230 cases were reported with occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens among medical workers in the study hospital from 2010 to 2022, with the highest incidence in 2021 (4.67%) and the lowest incidence in 2010 (0.99%). The incidence of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens appeared a tendency forwards a rise from 2010 to 2022 (P<0.05). Of all cases with occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens, there were 934 women (75.93%), 656 nurses (53.33%), and 514 cases with working experiences of one year and shorter (41.79%). Hand was the predominant site of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens (92.03%) and ward was the predominant place of exposure (35.37%), while scalp needle was the predominant mode of exposure (32.68%), and removal of needle was the predominant procedure of exposure (32.36%). A total of 1 106 cases were tested for the blood-borne pathogens in the exposure sources, and 448 cases were tested positive for blood-borne pathogens, with a detection rate of 40.51%. Hepatitis B virus, treponema pallidum and human immunodeficiency virus were the three most common blood-borne pathogens, and there were 739 cases (60.08%) with personal protective equipment during exposure. Following the follow-up surveillance for more than 6 months post-exposure, no infections occurred. @*Conclusions@#Junior nurses and hand exposure were predominant among medical workers with occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens in the study hospital from 2010 to 2022, and hepatitis B virus was the predominant blood-borne pathogen. No post-exposure infections occurred.
RESUMEN
Mosquito-borne diseases present a significant threat to human health, with the possibility of outbreaks of new mosquito-borne diseases always looming. Unfortunately, current measures to combat these diseases such as vaccines and drugs are often either unavailable or ineffective. However, recent studies on microbiomes may reveal promising strategies to fight these diseases. In this review, we examine recent advances in our understanding of the effects of both the mosquito and vertebrate microbiomes on mosquito-borne diseases. We argue that the mosquito microbiome can have direct and indirect impacts on the transmission of these diseases, with mosquito symbiotic microorganisms, particularly Wolbachia bacteria, showing potential for controlling mosquito-borne diseases. Moreover, the skin microbiome of vertebrates plays a significant role in mosquito preferences, while the gut microbiome has an impact on the progression of mosquito-borne diseases in humans. As researchers continue to explore the role of microbiomes in mosquito-borne diseases, we highlight some promising future directions for this field. Ultimately, a better understanding of the interplay between mosquitoes, their hosts, pathogens, and the microbiomes of mosquitoes and hosts may hold the key to preventing and controlling mosquito-borne diseases.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Humanos , Culicidae/microbiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , WolbachiaRESUMEN
【Objective】 To investigate the situation of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE) colonization in patients undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT). 【Methods】 A total of 241 consecutive patients who underwent haplo-HSCT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from June 1, 2021 to June 1, 2022 were enrolled. Anal swab screening was performed within 48 hours of admission and blood cultures were taken when the patient developed fever. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the colonization rate, distribution, risk factors and the correlation between CRE colonization and post-transplant bloodstream infection(BSI). 【Results】 Among 241 patients with haplo-HSCT, there were 90 cases in CRE colonization positive group, with a colonization rate of 37.3% (90/241). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.38-4.22, P<0.05) and history of infection within 30 days before transplantation (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.59-7.17, P<0.05) may be independent risk factors for CRE intestinal colonization. Of the 95 CRE strains, the top five species were carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (38/95, 40.0%), carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (29/95, 30.5%), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae (13/95, 13.6%), carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella acidophilus (6/95, 6.3%) and carbapenem-resistant Proteus mirabilis (3/95, 3.1%). The incidence of post-transplant BSI was 12.0% (29/241) in the CRE-colonized group and 3.3% (8/241) in the non-colonized group. In the colonization group, 100% of the pathogens of BSI were identical with those of CRE colonization. 【Conclusion】 Bacterial culture of anal swab during haplo-HSCT is helpful for detection of CRE colonization in intestinal tract, which provides some clinical basis for active monitoring of key flora, prevention and control of infection.
RESUMEN
Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） is a sleep disorder with a slow course and is often accompanied by multiple serious complications， having highly consistent pathogenic characteristics with the latent pathogen. By exploreing its pathogenesis and treatment based on the latent pathogen theory in traditional Chinese medicine， it is believed that congenital healthy qi deficiency is the root， while internal latent phlegm and stasis is the branch， and external pathogenic seven emotions are causing factors. In terms of treatment， it is necessary to target at root deficiency and use nourishing medicinals according to depletion degree of lungs， spleen， and kidneys. When protecting the healthy qi， it is important to prevent the generation and inducing of latent pathogen. Simultaneously， it is also critical to put focus on phlegm stasis by clearing existing latent pathogens with medicinals having the function of dissolving phlegm and dispelling stasis， as well as regulating liver and lung qi. All these are expected to provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of OSA patients in clinical practice.
RESUMEN
ObjectiveTo investigate the monitoring status and epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease pathogens in Baoshan District， Shanghai so as to improve early detection and warning capabilities of foodborne diseases outbreaks， and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. MethodsAnal swabs or fecal samples from food-borne diarrhea cases were collected from two sentinel surveillance medical institutions in Baoshan District of Shanghai during 2019 and 2021. Salmonella， diarrheagenic Escherichia coli， Shigella， Vibrio parahaemolyticus， campylobacter and norovirus were tested in anal swabs and fecal samples， and all the testing results were statistically analyzed. ResultsA total of 1 693 cases were reported， among which 1 693 anal swabs and fecal samples were collected， with a male-to-female ratio of 1.04∶1. The largest number of cases was from the age group of 45-64 years （504 cases）. The highest number of reported cases was among retirees （762 cases）. The high-incidence period of the diseases was in summer and autumn， with the highest number of cases associated with meat and meat products （566 cases）. The primary location of exposure was at home （1 260 cases）. The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria and virus was 21.32%， among which campylobacter accounted for the largest proportion （10.28%）. The peak incidence rate was from May to September. The detection rate of norovirus was 13.29%， with a higher incidence in winter and spring. The predominant serotype of Salmonella was Salmonella enteritidis （41.82%）， and the predominant local serotype of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli was EAEC （50.52%）. Campylobacter was mainly represented by jejuni （81.61%）， and the predominant type of norovirus was GⅡ （60.87%）. ConclusionCampylobacter has the highest proportion among foodborne pathogens causing foodborne diseases in Baoshan District， followed by diarrheogenic Escherichia coli. And norovirus GⅡ type is the predominant virus. Appropriate prevention and control measures should be taken based on the characteristics of each pathogen's epidemiology.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in oral mucositis associated with chemotherapy in hospitalized patients with malignant hematopathy, so as to provide scientific evidences for rational selection of antibiotics and infection prevention and control.@*METHODS@#From July 2020 to June 2022, 167 patients with malignant hematopathy were treated with chemical drugs in the Department of Hematology, Hainan Hospital, and secretions from oral mucosal infected wounds were collected. VITEK2 COMPECT automatic microbial identification system (BioMerieux, France) and bacterial susceptibility card (BioMerieux) were used for bacterial identification and drug susceptibility tests.@*RESULTS@#A total of 352 strains of pathogens were isolated from 167 patients, among which 220 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 118 strains of Gram-negative bacteria and 14 strains of fungi, accounted for 62.50%, 33.52% and 3.98%, respectively. The Gram-positive bacteria was mainly Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, while Gram-negative bacteria was mainly Klebsiella and Proteus. The resistance of main Gram-positive bacteria to vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was low, and the resistance to penicillin, cefuroxime, ampicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin and levofloxacin was high. The main Gram-negative bacteria had low resistance to gentamicin, imipenem and penicillin, but high resistance to levofloxacin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ampicillin and vancomycin. The clinical data of oral mucositis patients with oral ulcer (severe) and without oral ulcer (mild) were compared, and it was found that there were statistically significant differences in poor oral hygiene, diabetes, sleep duration less than 8 hours per night between two groups (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Gram-positive bacteria is the main pathogen of oral mucositis in patients with malignant hematopathy after chemotherapy. It is sensitive to glycopeptide antibiotics and aminoglycosides antibiotics. Poor oral hygiene, diabetes and sleep duration less than 8 hours per night are risk factors for oral mucositis with oral ulcer (severe).
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Vancomicina/uso terapéutico , Cefuroxima , Levofloxacino , Úlceras Bucales/tratamiento farmacológico , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Ampicilina , Penicilinas , Cefotaxima , Bacterias Grampositivas , Bacterias Gramnegativas , Gentamicinas , Estomatitis/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
The toxic pathogen theory, an important part of the theories of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), began in the Qin and Han dynasties, formed in the Jin, Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties, developed rapidly in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and conti-nued to develop in contemporary times based on the achievements of its predecessors. The continuous exploration, practice, and inheri-tance of many medical practitioners over the generations have facilitated the enrichment of its connotation. The toxic pathogen is violent, fierce, dangerous, prolonged, rapid in transmission, easy to hurt the internal organs, hidden, and latent, with many changes, and it is closely related to the development of tumor diseases. TCM has a history of thousands of years in the prevention and treatment of tumor diseases. It is gradually realized that the etiology of tumor is mainly attributed to the deficiency of healthy Qi and excess of to-xic pathogen, and the struggle between healthy Qi and toxic pathogen runs through the whole course of tumor, with the deficiency of healthy Qi as the prerequisite and the invasion of toxic pathogen as the root of the occurrence. The toxic pathogen has a strong carcinogenic effect and is involved in the whole process of tumor development, which is closely related to the malignant behaviors of tumors, including proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. This study discussed the historical origin and modern interpretation of the toxic pathogen theory in the prevention and treatment of tumors, with aims of sorting out the theoretical system based on the toxic pathogen theory in the treatment of tumor diseases, and illustrating the importance of the toxic pathogen theory in the treatment of tumors in the context of modern research on pharmacological mechanisms and the development and marketing of relevant anti-tumor Chinese medicinal preparations.
Asunto(s)
Medicina Tradicional China , Movimiento Celular , ChinaRESUMEN
Violet root rot is one of the main root diseases in the production process of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. To clarify the pathogenic species that cause the violet root rot of P. heterophylla in Fujian province, the roots and the sclerotia with violet root rot symptoms were collected from the main producing areas of P. heterophylla(Fujian province) from 2017 to 2021, and the pathogens were isolated by tissue separation method and identified by morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. Additionally, the biological characteristics of the pathogens were studied and the fungicides were determined. The results showed that 78 strains of violet root rot were isolated from the collected root samples, which belonged to one type after preliminary morphological identification. Two represen-tative strains were selected from the pathogens for multi-gene phylogenetic analysis, and they were clustered with Helicobasidium mompa together. The suitable culture conditions for the mycelium were OA medium, 25 ℃, pH 6, and ammonium oxalate as the nitrogen source. The lethal temperature of the mycelium was 50 ℃ for 10 minutes. Moreover, 99.1% propiconazole and 98.7% azoxystrobin had the optimal bacteriostatic effect, and the concentrations with the 50% bacteriostatic rate were 16.85 and 12.24 μg·mL~(-1), respectively. On the basis of the above results, the pathogen causing violet root rot of P. heterophylla in Fujian province was H. mompa. The medium type, growth temperature, pH value, nitrogen source, etc. had significant effect on the growth of mycelium.
Asunto(s)
Raíces de Plantas , Filogenia , Temperatura , Caryophyllaceae , NitrógenoRESUMEN
ObjectiveThe contamination of foodborne pathogens in ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables in Shanghai was analyzed to provide a scientific basis for food safety， risk assessment and related supervision. MethodsFrom June to September 2021， a total of 143 batches of12 kinds of ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables such as lettuce， chicory， and cherry tomatoes were collected from farmers’ markets， supermarkets， and e-commerce platforms. The total number of bacterial colonies， Salmonella， Listeria monocytogenes， Staphylococcus aureus， Cronobacter spp. and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in the samples were tested according to National Food Contamination and Harmfulness Risk Monitoring Manual. ResultsAmong the 143 batches， foodborne pathogens were detected in 68 batches， with a total detection rate of 47.55% （68/143）. A total of 79 strains of foodborne pathogens were detected. The detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus was the highest （32.87%， 47/143）， followed by Cronobacter spp. （20.98%， 30/143）， Salmonella （0.70%， 1/143）， Listeria monocytogenes （0.70%， 1/143）， Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli （0.00%）. Furthermore， the detection rate was higher in different ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables： chicory （17.33%）， cucumber （17.14%）， cherry tomatoes （16.00%）， and honeydew melon （15.38%）， respectively. Meanwhile， the contamination rate of pathogens in ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables from farmers’ markets， supermarkets， and e-commerce platforms was relatively high. ConclusionReady-to-eat fruits and vegetables in Shanghai are contaminated by foodborne pathogens. The prevention and control of the contamination of post-harvest fruits and vegetables should be strengthened to reduce the risk of foodborne disease outbreaks.
RESUMEN
Objective: To study the incidence of bloodstream infections, pathogen distribution, and antibiotic resistance profile in patients with hematological malignancies. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2021, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, pathogen distribution, and antibiotic resistance profiles of patients with malignant hematological diseases and bloodstream infections in the Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University. Results: A total of 582 incidences of bloodstream infections occurred in 22,717 inpatients. From 2018 to 2021, the incidence rates of bloodstream infections were 2.79%, 2.99%, 2.79%, and 2.02%, respectively. Five hundred ninety-nine types of bacteria were recovered from blood cultures, with 487 (81.3%) gram-negative bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eighty-one (13.5%) were gram-positive bacteria, primarily Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecium, whereas the remaining 31 (5.2%) were fungi. Enterobacteriaceae resistance to carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam, and tigecycline were 11.0%, 15.3%, 15.4%, and 3.3%, with a descending trend year on year. Non-fermenters tolerated piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam, and quinolones at 29.6%, 13.3%, and 21.7%, respectively. However, only two gram-positive bacteria isolates were shown to be resistant to glycopeptide antibiotics. Conclusions: Bloodstream pathogens in hematological malignancies were broadly dispersed, most of which were gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotic resistance rates vary greatly between species. Our research serves as a valuable resource for the selection of empirical antibiotics.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Bacteriemia/epidemiología , Cefoperazona , Sulbactam , Estudios Retrospectivos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Neoplasias Hematológicas , Sepsis , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias Gramnegativas , Bacterias Grampositivas , Combinación Piperacilina y Tazobactam , Escherichia coliRESUMEN
Depression syndromes(anxiety and depression), as typical psychological disorders, often coexist with and mutually influence coronary heart disease(CHD). They constitute a psycho-cardiology disease involving both the blood vessels of the heart and the spirit of the heart. Based on the theory of "coexistence of diseases and depression syndromes", it was proposed that CHD and depression syndromes coexisted independently and were causally related. The factors of depression syndromes go through the entire course of CHD and have different causal relationships at different stages, leading to a pathogenic process of "depression causing disease" or "disease causing depression". In the chronic latent period, phlegm predominates, with depression leading to the production of phlegm. Phlegm accumulation and Qi stagnation initiate a mutual damage process of psycho-cardiology, marking the onset of the disease. In the pathological development period, blood stasis becomes predominant. Depression leads to blood stasis, which further obstructs Qi circulation, accelerating disease progression. In the acute attack period, toxicity becomes crucial. Depression transforms into toxicity, damaging Qi and blood, disturbing the balance of the mind, and inducing a sudden and severe exacerbation of the disease. Based on this, the approach of treating phlegm and depression together, treating blood stasis and depression together, and treating toxicity and depression together by stages was established. Research has found that this approach can simultaneously improve organic damage and emotional disorders, and also has a regulating effect on micro-level syndrome indicators, achieving harmonization of psycho-cardiology in the treatment.