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Resumen Los Trastornos del Espectro Autista (TEA) y los Tras tornos por Déficit de Atención Hiperactividad (TDAH) son Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo (TN) que coexisten frecuentemente y que tienen factores etiológicos, bio lógicos, clínicos en común. La comorbilidad de ambos TN se asocia a un retraso en el diagnóstico del TEA o un diagnóstico que nunca llegan a recibir y es frecuente el desarrollo de alteraciones perceptivas, emocionales, cognitivas y conductuales relacionadas con la Desregu lación Emocional (DE). Cuando ambos TN no son diag nosticados en infancia, frecuentemente reciben diag nósticos equivocados en edades más tardías, siendo el más frecuente el Trastorno Límite de Personalidad (TLP). Se analiza la presentación clínica de la asociación del TEA y el TDAH, la asociación con DE, diferenciación del TLP y evaluación e intervención. La comorbilidad TEA, TDAH, DE, es un trastorno más severo, asociado a poli farmacología y a ingresos hospi talarios.
Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Attention Defi cit Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) are Neurodevelop mental Disorders (ND) that frequently coexist together and have etiological, biological, and clinical factors in common. The comorbidity of both neurodevelopmental disorders is associated with a delay or lack of ASD di agnosis and the development of perceptual, emotional, cognitive and behavioral alterations related to Emotional Dysregulation (ED) is common. When both TN are not diagnosed in childhood, they frequently receive wrong diagnoses at later ages, the most frequent being Border line Personality Disorder (BPD). The clinical presentation of the association of ASD and ADHD, the association with ED, differentiation of BPD, and evaluation and intervention are here analyzed. The comorbidity ASD, ADHD, ED is a more severe disorder associated to polypharmacology and hospital admissions.
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Introduction: Bariatric surgery has become an increasingly common procedure, especially for patients with morbid obesity who have obtained unsatisfactory results from conventional treatments. Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of behavioral patterns and personality disorders in patients in the preoperative period of bariatric surgery. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with 146 patients from a medium-sized clinic, a reference in the execution of bariatric surgeries in the Midwest region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collection was performed using the psychological instrument entitled Factorial Personality Battery. Descriptive analysis and data association were performed. Results: Half of the participants presented high or very high scores for greater propensity to develop depression and anxiety, showing a close relationship with personality disorders, especially with behavioral patterns of effort and dedication. Discussion: The patterns of effort and dedication behavior are protective factors in the postoperative period, taking into account the adaptations and new habits necessary for a good recovery and maintenance of weight loss. Conclusions: The dysfunctional patterns of behavior that stood out most are related to greater difficulty in perceiving the positive side and ease in perceiving the negative side, leading to a more intense experience of suffering, in addition to difficulty in making decisions and facing routine challenges. Screening behavioral patterns and personality disorders preoperatively is necessary for adequate patient monitoring and successful bariatric surgery.
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Trastornos de la Personalidad , Enfermería Psiquiátrica , Conducta , Cirugía BariátricaRESUMEN
Introducción. El trastorno somatomorfo se caracteriza por la presentación de múltiples síntomas físicos que no pueden ser atribuidos a otra enfermedad física, mental o al uso de sustancias, teniendo como comorbilidad más prevalente a los trastornos de personalidad. Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de trastorno somatomorfo, sus características principales y diferentes rasgos de personalidad entre pacientes con lumbalgia crónica. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado con pacientes ingresados en el servicio de neurocirugía del Hospital General del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de la escala Screening for Somatoform Symptoms 2 y la escala InternationalPersonality Disorder Examination. Las variables cualitativas fueron analizadas a través de frecuencias absolutas. Las variables cuantitativas fueron analizadas a través de medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión. Los análisis estadísticos fueron realizados en el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sicience, versión 26. Resultados. Se incluyeron 60 pacientes, 40 de ellos mujeres, 31 entre los 41 y 60 años. Veintiocho pacientes presentaron ocho o más síntomas, excluyéndose dolor lumbar. Cuarenta y cinco pacientes reportaron sintomatología por más de un año. Cincuenta y tres pacientes presentaron trastorno somatomorfo. Los trastornos de personalidad más frecuentes fueron obsesivo-compulsivos (31), límites (21) y paranoides (21). Conclusión. Los pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico que requieren ingreso hospitalario presentan una alta frecuencia de trastornos somatomorfos, con dolor en piernas o brazos como síntoma principal; además, estos pacientes se caracterizan por presentar en su mayoría rasgos de personalidad obsesivo-compulsivos.
Introduction. The somatoform symptoms disorder is characterized by multiple psychical symptoms that can't be attributed to another physical or mental health diagnosis or drug abuse, having personality disorders as the most common comorbidity. Objective. To determine the frequency of somatoform disorders, it's most important characteristics and different personality traits among patients with chronic back pain. Methodology. Cross-sectional descriptive study carried out with patients admitted to the neurosurgery department of the General Hospital of the Salvadoran Social Security Institute. Data collection was carried out using the Screening for Somatoform Symptoms 2 scale and the International Personality Disorder Examination scale. The qualitative variables were analyzed through absolute frequencies. The quantitative variables were analyzed through measures of central tendency and dispersion. The statistical analyzes were carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26. Results. The study included 60 patients, 40 of them women, 31 between 41 and 60 years old. Twenty-eight patients presented eight or more symptoms, excluding low back pain. Forty-five patients reported symptoms for more than one year. Fifty-three patients presented somatoform disorder. The most frequent personality disorders were obsessive-compulsive (31), borderline (21) and paranoid (21). Conclusion. Patients with chronic lower back pain who require hospital admission have a high frequency of somatoform disorders, with the main symptom being pain in the legs or arms; furthermore, these patients are characterized by mostly presenting obsessive-compulsive personality traits
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , El SalvadorRESUMEN
BackgroundIn China， the structure shift from just one-child family to both one-child and more-than-one-child families is happening. Exploring how the sibling relationships effect between adolescent personality impulsivity and aggressivity is of great significance for promoting adolescent mental health as well as maintaining social harmony and stability. ObjectiveTo investigate the effecting path of sibling relationships between personality impulsivity and aggressivity in adolescents， so as to provide references for the prevention of violent and aggressive behavior in adolescents. MethodsFrom February to April， 2023， a total of 1 200 students with sibling relationships from 12 primary and secondary schools in a county of Sichuan province were included by random sampling. Barratt Impulsivity Scale （BIS-11）， Chinese Version of Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire （AQ-CV）， and Sibling Relationship Questionnaire （SRQ） were used for cross-sectional investigation. Pearson Correlation Analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the scores of these scales. Bootstrap method was used to test the effecting path of sibling relationships between personality impulsivity and aggressivity. ResultsThe total score of BIS-11 was positively correlated with that of AQ-CV as well as the scores of conflict and competition dimensions in SRQ （r=0.485、0.276、0.280，P<0.01）， while negatively correlated with the score of warmth/intimacy dimension in SRQ （r=-0.383， P<0.01）. The total score of AQ-CV was positively correlated with the scores of conflict and competition dimensions in SRQ （r=0.387， 0.340， P<0.01）， while negatively correlated with the score of warmth/intimacy dimension in SRQ （r=-0.304， P<0.01）. Within SRQ， negative correlations could be observed between the score of warmth/intimacy and scores of conflict and competition （r=-0.307， -0.375， P<0.01）， whereas positive correlation could be observed between the score of conflict and that of competition （r=0.267， P<0.01）. The total effect of personality impulsivity level on aggressivity level in adolescent was 0.480 （P<0.01）. Sibling relationships played a mediating role between personality impulsivity and aggressivity in adolescents. Meanwhile， the indirect effect values of warmth/intimacy， conflict and competition were 0.054， 0.075 and 0.062， with the effect values accounting for 11.21%， 15.70% and 12.93%， respectively. ConclusionThe personality impulsivity of adolescents can directly affect their aggressivity， and sibling relationships may act as an important channel connecting personality impulsivity and aggressivity. ［Funded by 2023 Project of the Psychology and Behavioral Science Research Center of the Deyang Federation of Social Sciences （number， XLYXW2023305）］
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BackgroundDepressive disorders are prevalence among adolescents， with a higher incidence in females compared to males， often accompanied by more severe depressive symptoms. Sertraline is commonly prescribed for adolescent depressive disorder， however， its efficacy is only evident in certain patients. Currently， there is limited research on predicting the therapeutic efficacy of sertraline in female adolescents with depressive disorder. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between personality traits， psychological resilience， coping style and the clinical efficacy of sertraline treatment in female adolescents with first-episode depressive disorder， in order to provide references for the treatment of this population. MethodsA total of 112 female adolescent patients with first-episode depressive disorder， meeting the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases （tenth edition） （ICD-10）， and undergoing a 4-week treatment regimen with sertraline， were selected from the Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province from February 2019 to January 2021.General demographic questionnaire， NEO Five-Factor Inventory （NEO-FFI）， Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents （RSCA）， Coping Style Scale for Middle School Students （CSSMSS）， Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA） and Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17） were used for assessment. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the factors influencing the clinical efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of female adolescents with first-episode depressive disorder. ResultsNeuroticism （β=-0.115， 95% CI： 0.807~0.984） could negatively predicted the therapeutic efficacy of sertraline in female adolescents with first-episode depressive disorder， whereas agreeableness （β=0.129， 95% CI： 1.025~1.264） and RSCA score （β=0.062， 95% CI： 1.004~1.128） could positively predict its therapeutic efficacy. ConclusionHigh neuroticism， low agreeableness and low psychological resilience may be the risk factors for the poor therapeutic effect of sertraline in the treatment of female adolescents with first-episode depressive disorder. ［Funded by 2019 Guiyang Science and Technology Program （number， Zhuke Contract ［2019］9-3-1）］
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BackgroundChronic insomnia is characterized by a prolonged and recurrent course. The efficacy of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） as a physical therapy method to improve sleep quality remains inadequately supported by evidence， particularly regarding its relationship with personality traits. ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and influencing factors of rTMS in the treatment of chronic insomnia， and to provide insights into its therapeutic potential. MethodA total of 46 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5）， and were treated at the Third Hospital of Mianyang from September 2022 to September 2023 were selected. Prior to treatment， participants underwent assessments using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （EPQ）， Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17） and Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA）. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） was used to assess sleep quality before treatment， at the end of the second week of treatment and one week post-treatment. ResultsAt the end of the second week of treatment， patients exhibited significantly improved total PSQI score and subscale scores related to subjective sleep quality， sleep latency， sleep duration， sleep efficiency， sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction （t=4.755~13.361， P<0.01）， with 24 cases （54.35%） showing effective treatment outcomes. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that introverted and extroverted personality traits contributed significantly to the regression equation （B=0.317， P<0.01）， explaining 29.90% of the total variation （R2=0.299）. ConclusionrTMS treatment may effectively improve the sleep quality of patients with chronic insomnia， with its therapeutic effect appearing to associated with introverted and extroverted personality traits. ［Funded by National Natural Science Project of China （number， 82372080）］
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1). La vida de Ludwig van Beethoven experimentó un cambio existencial al morir su hermano y dejar a su hijo Karl en tutoría compartida con su madre Johanna. 2). Casi sin haber tenido relación con su sobrino, se desencadena una necesidad emocional intensa e inesperada de convertirse en su único tutor, objetivo que consigue derrotando legalmente a su madre. 3). La relación Beethoven-Karl se desarrolla plagada de disputas, vigilancia, exigencias, control, como si el compositor viviera por vez primera lo que siempre se había negado, llegar a ser padre. 4). El intento de suicidio del sobrino le señala a Beethoven que convertirse en padre significa permitir que el hijo llegue a ser diferente a las arrogantes y desmesuradas ambiciones y expectativas personales, pero esta señal extrema fue insuficiente para hacerle entender que el otro siempre es un peligro porque muestra una verdad oculta intolerable y dolorosa del propio sí-mismo.
Ludwig van Beethoven's life underwent an existential change when his brother died and left his son Karl in shared tutorship with his mother Johanna. 2. Almost without having had any relationship with his nephew, an intense and unexpected emotional need to become his sole guardian is triggered, an objective that he achieves by legally defeating his mother. 3. The Beethoven-Karl relationship develops plagued by disputes, surveillance, demands, control, as if the composer were experiencing for the first time what he had always denied himself, becoming a father.4. The nephew's suicide attempt points out to Beethoven that becoming a father means allowing the son to become different from the arrogant and inordinate personal ambitions and expectations, but this extreme signal was insufficient to make him understand that the other is always a danger because it shows a hidden and painful truth of one´s own self.
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La violencia contra los niños es una preocupación muy importante en el sistema de salud pública. El filicidio es un acto deliberado de una madre o un padre que mata a su propio hijo. El objetivo de este estudio es describir un caso de filicidio asociado a la presencia del Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad (TLP), analizando la evaluación de la imputabilidad criminal relacionada con este caso, utilizando el criterio biopsicológico. Medidas de protección a los niños deben ser ofrecidas de forma activa cuando los padres tienen estrés y falta de equilibrio emocional, y al mismo tiempo deben cuidar a los niños.
Violence against children is a very important concern in the public health system. Filicide is a deliberate act of a mother or father killing his own child. The aim of this study is to describe a case of filicide associated with the presence of borderline personality disorder, discussing the evaluation of criminal imputability related to this case, using the biopsychological criterion. Child protection measures should be actively offered when parents have stress and lack of emotional balance while needing to care for children.
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Abstract Research has shown that personality develops over time, generating changes and continuity in the pattern of functioning across the lifespan. We investigated the evidence of consistency in the ranking of personality traits over time. A group of 170 adults between the ages of 51 and 93 participated in the study (M = 69, SD = 9.05) and retrospectively answered the Big Five Inventory-2 and the Big Five Inventory. We performed test-retest correlation and the ANOVA procedure with repeated measures. We found that personality scores at 30-35 years of age are associated with the scores at age 70-80, indicating stability in the pattern of individual functioning in the long term. This research complements the few studies on personality development in Brazil.
Resumo Evidências indicam que a personalidade se desenvolve ao longo do tempo, gerando mudanças e continuidade no padrão de funcionamento ao longo da vida. Investigamos a evidência de consistência no ranqueamento dos traços de personalidade ao longo do tempo. Participaram 170 adultos, com idade entre 51 e 93 anos (M = 69; DP = 9,05), que responderam o Big Five Inventory-2 e a Big Five Inventory, retrospectivamente. Realizamos correlação teste-reteste e o procedimento ANOVA com medidas repetidas. Constatamos que os escores em personalidade aos 30-35 anos de idade estão associados com os escores aos 70-80 anos, indicando estabilidade no padrão de funcionamento em longo prazo. Esta pesquisa complementa os poucos estudos sobre o desenvolvimento da personalidade no Brasil.
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Abstract Objective Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious and extremely prevalent mental disorder. Early diagnosis is vital for treatment. However, there are no specific screening instruments validated for Brazilian Portuguese. This study aimed to adapt the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD) to the Brazilian context. The MSI-BPD is a self-report instrument based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), that enables fast and reliable assessment of BPD, with measures of sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) similar to the diagnostic interview for the DSM-5 (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V Axis II Disorders [SCID-II]), taken as the gold standard. Methods Two independent translations, a synthesis version, back-translation, and analysis by experts were employed to create the final version of the instrument in Brazilian Portuguese. The translated instrument was administered to 1,702 adults aged 18-59 years to verify evidence of validity relating to content, internal structure, relationship with other variables, and reliability. Results The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses show that the one-factor structure is adequate. The scale showed satisfactory internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson coefficient [KR-20] of Cronbach's alpha = 0.691) and good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.802). Logistic regression analysis using the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5-Brief Form (PID-5-BF) (DSM-5) as reference established an ideal cut-off point of eight symptoms, with adequate SN (0.79) and SP (0.75), similar to the original instrument. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.830 (95% confidence interval: 0.802-0.858), with a positive predictive value of 89.2%. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the MSI-BPD has adequate psychometric properties for use as a BPD screening tool by clinicians.
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Introducción: La literatura científica reporta que la autopsia psicológica desde sus inicios fue utilizada con la finalidad de ayudar a determinar las circunstancias de muerte de una persona, no obstante, en la actualidad se acoge más como concepto que como una herramienta procedimental. Objetivo: Establecer si en Colombia se ha utilizado para reconstruir los aspectos pre mortem de quienes han fallecido en extrañas circunstancias, de acuerdo con la finalidad de esta. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en 10 bases de datos; se emplearon como palabras clave "autopsia psicológica" y "Colombia", bajo una ventana de observación entre 2010 al 2021; por medio del método PRISMA. Resultados: Se evidencia que en Colombia durante los últimos 10 años el número de estudios asciende a 19, publicados en bases de datos, de los cuales 16 no emplearon el procedimiento de autopsia psicológica y solo tres de ellos sí lo hicieron. Discusión: Existe una tendencia a emplear la autopsia psicológica como concepto desde un enfoque clínico para respaldar los análisis retrospectivos, que, como técnica o procedimiento, se distancia de la posibilidad de reconstruir la criminodinámica del delito, así como la reconstrucción de aspectos de la personalidad, el estado mental y el estilo de vida de quién ha fallecido. Conclusiones: Se resalta que en Colombia la autopsia psicológica se ha utilizado exclusivamente en el campo clínico, sin el rigor científico, metodológico y sin la validez del protocolo empleado.
Introduction: The scientific literature reports that psychological autopsy from its beginnings was used with the purpose of helping to determine the circumstances of death of a person, however, it is currently embraced more as a concept than as a procedural tool. Objective: to establish if in Colombia it has been used to reconstruct the pre-mortem aspects of those who have died under strange circumstances, according to its purpose. Methodology: a systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out in 10 databases, using as keywords psychological autopsy and Colombia, under a window of observation between 2010 and 2021; using the PRISMA method. Results: they show that in Colombia during the last 10 years the number of studies published in databases amounts to 19, of which 16 did not use the psychological autopsy procedure and only three of them did. Discussion: There is a tendency to use psychological autopsy as a concept from a clinical approach to support retrospective analyses rather than as a technique or procedure, distancing us from the possibility of reconstructing the criminodynamics of the crime, as well as reconstructing aspects of the personality, mental state and lifestyle of the deceased. Conclusions: it is highlighted that in Colombia the psychological autopsy has been used exclusively in the clinical field, without the scientific and methodological rigor and without the validity of the protocol used.
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Humanos , Investigación , Autopsia , Colombia , Ciencias Forenses , Psicología Forense , Personalidad , MuerteRESUMEN
A personalidade é um construto central na pesquisa psicológica, podendo ser definida como uma estrutura relativamente estável do ser humano que influencia seus comportamentos diante de acontecimentos diários. Este estudo objetivou desenvolver e obter evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna do Inventário de Avaliação dos Cinco Grandes Fatores e Facetas de Personalidade (IACGF-F). A Teoria dos Cinco Grandes Fatores de Personalidade foi utilizada como referencial teórico para elaboração dos itens. Para o estudo piloto, 150 sujeitos responderam à versão do instrumento composta por 151 itens e questionário sociodemográfico. O estudo final contou com 285 sujeitos com média de idade de 22,6 anos que responderam à versão do IACGF-F com 129 itens, além do questionário sociodemográfico. Foi realizado um conjunto de sete análises fatoriais exploratórias, estimação da fidedignidade, bem como calibração dos parâmetros dos itens a partir da TRI. A versão final do instrumento ficou composta por 103 itens distribuídos em cinco fatores com variação de cinco a seis facetas por fator. Foram encontrados bons índices de fidedignidade (alfas entre 0,85 e 0,96), além de bons índices de dificuldade e discriminação. Sugere-se a utilização do IACGF-F em pesquisas nas quais a avaliação mais detalhada das facetas se faz necessária.
Personality is a central construct in psychological research and can be defined as a relatively stable structure of human beings that influences their behavior in the face of daily events. The purpose of this study wasd to develop and obtain validity evidence based on the internal structure of the Inventory for Assessment of the Big Five Personality Factors and Facets (PAIBFF-F). The Big Five Personality Factor Theory was used as the theoretical framework for item development. For the pilot study, 150 subjects answered the initial version of the instrument, which consisted of 151 items and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The final study included 285 subjects with a mean age of 22.6 years who answered a version of the PAIBFF-F with 129 items and sociodemographic questionnaire. Seven exploratory factor analyses, reliability estimation, as well as calibration of the item parameters from TRI were performed. The final version of the instrument was composed of 103 items distributed in five factors with a variation of five to six facets per factor. Good reliability indices were found (alphas between 0.85 and 0.96), in addition to good difficulty and discrimination indices. We suggest the use of the IACGF-P in research in which a more detailed evaluation of the facets is required.
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La personalidad tipo D se refiere a la vulnerabilidad frente al estrés psicológico, la cual se expresa en dos componentes: la afectividad negativa (AN) y la inhibición social (is), que pueden desencadenar un estado de estrés psicosocial que afecta la salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Personalidad Tipo D (DS-14) en población adulta colombiana. La muestra estuvo conformada por 456 adultos (41.7 % hombres y 58.3 % mujeres) colombianos entre los 18 y 86 años. El coeficiente de fiabilidad para las dos subescalas de la DS-14 fue de .73 (AN) y .72 (IS), y .79 para el puntaje total. Se analizó la validez concurrente con medidas de estrategias de afrontamiento resiliente y afrontamiento religioso. Los resultados evidencian validez interna y externa, dados los índices del análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio.
Type D personality refers to vulnerability to psychological stress, which is expressed in two components: negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (si), which can trigger a state of psychosocial stress that affects health. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Type D Personality Scale (DS-14) in the Colombian adult population. The sample consisted of 456 colombian adults (41.7 °% men and 58.3 °% women) between 18 and 86 years of age. The reliability coefficient for the two subscales of the DS-14 was .73 (NA) and .72 (SI), and .79 for the total score. Concurrent validity was analyzed with measures of resilient coping strategies and religious coping. The results show internal and external validity given the indices of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
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El presente reporte de caso describe a un paciente varón de 19 años, que presentaba como principales síntomas frialdad emocional, ausencia de relaciones cercanas, problemas para experimentar placer con otras personas y carencia de motivación para trabajar o retomar sus estudios. Se diagnosticó un trastorno de personalidad esquizoide, producto de esquemas maladaptativos tempranos como inhibición, privación emocional, aislamiento social e inadecuación. Asimismo, se evidenció un contexto familiar rígido y fragmentado, con ausencia afectiva de padres y direccionado hacia normas estrictas en la conducta. El objetivo del estudio fue intervenir desde un enfoque clínico cognitivo los esquemas maladaptativos tempranos y síntomas que mantenían los rasgos de trastorno esquizoide de la personalidad en el paciente. Para esto se realizó una terapia cognitiva conductual, con técnicas como debates, imágenes para reparentalizar, asignación de tareas, uso del humor, entrenamiento de habilidades sociales, entre otros. Como conclusión se puede manifestar que los esquemas maladaptativos tempranos mantenían la sintomatología de personalidad esquizoide. Por último, se demostró a través de un criterio clínico y psicométrico que la terapia cognitiva conductual disminuyo las conductas de personalidad esquizoide en el paciente.
The present case report describes a 19-year-old male patient whose main symptoms were emotional coldness, absence of close relationships, difficulty experiencing pleasure with other people, and lack of motivation to work or to continue his studies. A schizoid personality disorder was diagnosed as a product of early maladaptive patterns such as inhibition, emotional deprivation, social isolation, and inadequacy. Likewise, a rigid and fragmented family context was evidenced, with an affective absence of parents and a focus on strict behavioral rules. The study aimed to intervene, from a cognitive clinical approach, the early maladaptive patterns and symptoms that maintained the features of schizoid personality disorder in the patient. For this purpose, cognitive behavioral therapy was carried out, with techniques such as debates, images to reparentalize, assignment of tasks, use of humor, and social skills training, among others. In conclusion, it can be stated that the early maladaptive patterns maintained the schizoid personality symptomatology. Finally, it was demonstrated through clinical and psychometric criteria that cognitive behavioral therapy decreased schizoid personality behaviors in the patient.
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Introduction: Regarding the origin of Eating Disorders, different psychological variables such as the personality, have been identified as risk factors for the onset and subsequent development of these pathologies. This study aimed to analyse the relationships between personality and different risk variables for the development of ED in the population of female students without disorders. Method: Participants included 627 women, Spanish university students, who completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and the Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Correlation and regression analyses were conducted in order to observe patterns of common variation among the variables, and to determine the contribution of the personality traits in the explanation of the variables. Results: Neuroticism correlated significantly with all scales and is the main predictor of the risk scales (drive for thinness, bulimia and body dissatisfaction), and the seven psychological scales. The remaining factors showed negative correlations with all of the scales. Extraversion was the main predictor variable in the explained variance of interpersonal insecurity and interpersonal alienation. In addition, conscientiousness and agreeableness demonstrated an effect on different scales in combination with other factors. Conclusion: The study sustained the importance of personality in the risk of developing ED. Neuroticism is the factor that is most closely related to the risk variables and psychological constructs which are conceptually relevant in the development and maintenance of these disorders. The study of personality should help in identifying at-risk populations, and will enable adopting solutions aimed at the prevention of ED.
Introducción: En el origen de los trastornos alimentarios han sido identificadas diferentes variables psicológicas como factores de riesgo, como la personalidad, para el inicio y posterior desarrollo de estas patologías. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las relaciones entre la personalidad y diferentes variables de riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos alimentarios, en la población de mujeres universitarias sin trastornos. Método: Las participantes fueron 627 mujeres, estudiantes universitarias españolas, que completaron el Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) y el Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Se realizaron análisis de correlación y regresión para observar los patrones de variación común entre las variables y para determinar la contribución de los rasgos de personalidad en la explicación de las variables. Resultados: El neuroticismo correlacionó significativamente con todas las escalas, y fue la principal variable predictiva en la varianza explicada de las escalas de riesgo (obsesión por la delgadez, bulimia e insatisfacción corporal), y siete escalas psicológicas. Los rasgos de personalidad restantes mostraron correlaciones negativas con todas las escalas. Extraversión fue la principal variable predictora de la varianza explicada de inseguridad interpersonal y alienación personal. Además, responsabilidad y amabilidad mostraron efecto en combinación con otros factores en diferentes variables. Conclusión: El estudio apoyó la importancia de la personalidad en el riesgo de desarrollar trastornos alimentarios. El neuroticismo es el factor que más se relaciona con las variables de riesgo y constructos psicológicos conceptualmente relevantes en el desarrollo y mantenimiento de estos trastornos. El estudio de la personalidad debería ayudar a identificar a las poblaciones de riesgo y adoptar soluciones dirigidas a la prevención.
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A taxa de condutas delituosas oficiais praticadas por meninas jovens tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Embora a literatura sugira um viés de gênero nesse fenômeno, ainda predominam estudos voltados ao sexo masculino. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar associações entre os aspectos de personalidade do fator Socialização, compatível com traços do Modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores, e condutas antissociais (delituosas e divergentes) em jovens escolares do sexo feminino. Uma amostra de 549 jovens respondeu ao Questionário de Comportamentos Juvenis (QCJ) e à Escala Fatorial de Socialização (EFS). A partir das pontuações obtidas na EFS, os dados da amostra foram agrupados, havendo formação de três clusters, com diferentes níveis de engajamento em condutas antissociais. Maior frequência e diversidade de condutas antissociais estiveram associadas a menores níveis de Amabilidade, Pró-Sociabilidade e Confiança nas Pessoas, sugerindo relação entre os aspectos de personalidade e as condutas antissociais avaliadas. São discutidas também possíveis implicações de outros fatores nessa relação.
The rate of official misconduct cases involving young girls have increased in recent years. Although the literature suggests a gender gap in this phenomenon, studies focusing on males still predominate. The present study had as objective verifying the relation between personality aspects of the Socialization factor, compatible with the characteristics of the Big Five Factors Model, and the commitment of antisocial behaviors (criminal and divergent) by young female students. To this end, a sample of 549 adolescents answered the Questionário de Comportamentos Juvenis (QCJ) and the Escala Fatorial de Socialização (EFS). Based on the results obtained in the EFS, the sample was divided into three clusters. Greater frequency and diversity of antisocial behaviors were associated with lower levels of Agreeableness, Pro-Sociability and Trust in People, suggesting a relationship between personality aspects and the antisocial behaviors evaluated. Possible implications of other factors in this relationship are also discussed.
RESUMEN
El protocolo de primera ayuda psicológica basado en el modelo de las 4 C (PAP-4C) establece pautas para brindar apoyo y rescatar a individuos afectados en el lugar y momentos inmediatos posteriores a un desastre. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron estudiar los efectos de la toma de decisión y el entrenamiento presencial breve en la PAP-4C sobre la propensión al comportamiento eficaz de rescate según ese modelo, evaluada una semana después de la capacitación recibida; e identificar otras variables psicológicas que se vinculan con dicha propensión. Para este estudio, se adoptó un enfoque explicativo, que involucró la implementación de un diseño experimental factorial 2x2, con los factores toma de decisión y entrenamiento presencial breve en la PAP-4C, en una muestra de 175 estudiantes universitarios de una academia militar sin entrenamiento previo en rescate en situaciones de desastre. Los resultados de un ancova mostraron que la toma de decisión basada en la emoción perjudica la propensión al comportamiento eficaz en la PAP-4C en comparación con una toma de decisiones basada en la racionalidad, luego de controlar estadísticamente a las covariables. Con relación a la identificación de estas, una serie de características psicológicas se habían mostrado asociadas con la propensión al comportamiento eficaz de rescate. En este sentido, se habían hallado correlaciones positivas con tenacidad, honestidad, apertura, jovialidad, agradabilidad, la atracción afectiva hacia los demás y la toma de la perspectiva del otro. Además, se habían hallado asociaciones positivas con las estrategias de afrontamiento cognitivo dirigido a cambiar la situación, y cognitivo y conductual motor para reducir la emoción. Finalmente, se habían encontrado también asociaciones negativas con la aversión afectiva hacia los demás y el afrontamiento evitativo. En conclusión, por una parte, los resultados de este estudio apuntan a mostrar la importancia de que los líderes de grupos de rescate indiquen a los rescatistas que, cuando realizan la tarea del rescate de personas afectadas por desastres, eviten tomar decisiones emocionales. Por otra parte, los resultados también ofrecen orientación para la selección de personal sin experiencia previa en la asistencia en situaciones de desastre, ya que se identificó una amplia serie de variables psicológicas asociadas a la propensión al comportamiento eficaz en la PAP-4C. En suma, esta investigación proporciona un valioso aporte al campo de la asistencia psicológica en situaciones de crisis, al identificar factores y variables psicológicas que podrían influir en los comportamientos de los rescatistas no profesionales y sin experiencia previa cuando se debe rescatar y brindar apoyo psicológico a personas afectadas por un desastre.
The psychological first aid protocol based on the 4 Cs model (PAP-4C) establishes guidelines for providing support and rescue to affected individuals at the scene and in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. The ob-jectives of this research were to study the effects of decision making and brief training in the PAP-4C on the propensity for effective rescue behaviour according to that model, assessed one week after the training received; and to identify other psychological variables that are linked to that propensity. For this study, an explanatory approach was adopted, involving the implementation of a 2x2 factorial experimental design, with the factors decision making and brief face-to-face training in the PAP-4C, in a sample of 175 university students from a military academy with no previous training in disaster rescue. The results of an ancova showed that emotionbased decision making impaired the propensity for effective behaviour in PAP-4C compared to rationality-based decision making, after statistically controlling for covariates. In relation to the identification of covariates, a number of psychological characteristics had been shown to be associated with the propensity for efficient rescue behaviour. In this regard, positive correlations were found with tenacity, honesty, openness to experience, cheerfulness, agreeableness, affective attraction to the other and taking the other's perspective. In addition, positive associations were found with cognitive coping strategies aimed at changing the situation, and cognitive and behavioural motor coping strategies aimed at reducing the emotion. Finally, negative associations were also found with an affective aversion towards the other and avoidant coping. In conclusion, on the one hand, the results of this study aim to show the importance of rescue team leaders instructing rescuers to avoid making emotional decisions when carrying out rescuing disaster affected people. On the other hand, the results provide guidance for the selection of personnel with no previous expe-rience in disaster relief, as a wide range of psycho-logical variables associated with the propensity for effective behaviour in PAP-4C were identified. In sum, this research provides a valuable contribution to the field of psychological assistance in crisis situations by identifying psychological factors and variables that may influence the behaviours of non-professional and inexperienced rescuers when rescuing and providing psychological support to disaster-affected people.
O protocolo de primeiros auxílios psicológicos baseado no modelo 4 C (PAP-4C) estabelece diretrizes para fornecer apoio e resgatar indivíduos afetados no local e imediatamente após um desastre. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram estudar os efeitos da tomada de decisão e do breve treinamento presencial no PAP-4C sobre a propensão para um comportamento de resgate eficaz de acordo com esse modelo, avaliado uma semana após o treinamento recebido; e identificar outras variáveis psicológicas que estão ligadas a essa propensão. Para este estudo foi adotada uma abordagem explicativa, que envolveu a implementação de um desenho experi-mental fatorial 2x2, com os fatores tomada de decisão e breve treinamento presencial sobre o PAP-4C, em uma amostra de 175 estudantes universitários de uma academia militar sem treinamento prévio em resgate em situações de desastre. Os resultados de uma ancova mostraram que a tomada de decisão baseada na emoção, prejudica a propensão para um comportamento eficaz no PAP-4C em comparação com a tomada de decisão baseada na racionalidade, após controlar estatisticamente as covariáveis. Em relação à identificação destas, uma série de características psicológicas mostraramse associadas à propensão para comportamentos de resgate eficazes. Nesse sentido, foram encontradas correlações positivas com tenacidade, honestidade, abertura, jo-vialidade, simpatia, atração emocional pelos outros e tomada de perspectiva do outro. Além disso, foram en-contradas associações positivas com estratégias de enfrentamento cognitivas destinadas a mudar a situação e estratégias de enfrentamento comportamentais cog-nitivas e motoras para reduzir a emoção. Finalmente, também foram encontradas associações negativas com aversão afetiva em relação aos outros e enfrentamento evitativo. Concluindo, por um lado, os resultados deste estudo pretendem mostrar a importância de os líderes dos grupos de resgate dizerem aos socorristas que, ao realizarem a tarefa de resgatar pessoas afetadas por de-sastres, devem evitar tomar decisões emocionais. Por outro lado, os resultados também oferecem orientação para a seleção de pessoal sem experiência anterior em assistência em situações de desastre, uma vez que foi identificada uma ampla série de variáveis psicológicas associadas à propensão para comportamentos eficazes no PAP-4C. Em resumo, esta investigação proporciona uma valiosa contribuição para o campo da assistência psicológica em situações de crise, ao identificar fato-res e variáveis psicológicas que podem influenciar os comportamentos de socorristas não profissionais e sem experiência prévia, ao resgatar e prestar apoio psicoló-gico a pessoas afetadas por um desastre
Asunto(s)
HumanosRESUMEN
Objective: This objective of this study is to examine the association between suicidal behaviour and substance use, depression, aggressiveness and borderline personality traits among adolescents from Sincelejo, a rural city in the north of Colombia. Methods: This cross sectional study included 352 participants selected by purposive sampling, from a public and a private school located in Sincelejo, Sucre district, in the north of Colombia. Students ages ranged from 12 to 18 years old (mean, 15.09 ± 1.82). The participants completed three screening tools: a socio-demographic questionnaire, a screening instrument to collect information related to the frequency of use of some substances, such as tobacco and cannabis, and a self-report inventory to assess various personality and psychopathology domains. A series of t-tests, ANOVA and linear regression analyses were conducted. Results: Physical aggression (t = 7.74; p < 0.01), cognitive depression (t = 5.03; p < 0.01), affective depression (t = 8.24; p <0.01), affective instability (t = 3.46; p <0.01), few social relationships (t = 3.36; p < 0.01), self-harm (t = 3.45; p< .01), cannabis and tranquilizer use (t = 2.83; p < 0.05; and t = 2.37; p <0.05) had a significant independent relationship with suicidal behaviour. Aggression (t = 2.59; p <0.05), components of depression (t = 9.03; p <0.01) and borderline personality traits (t = 4.12; p <0.01) also predicted suicidal behaviour. Conclusions: More longitudinal studies are needed in this area to identify the causal relations between the factors studied and the suicidal behaviour of young people in Sincelejo.
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es examinar la asociación del comportamiento suicida con el consumo de sustancias, síntomas depresivos, agresividad y rasgos de personalidad límite en adolescentes de Sincelejo (Sucre), una ciudad rural del norte de Colombia. Métodos: Este estudio transversal incluyó a 352 participantes seleccionados por muestreo intencional de una escuela pública y privada ubicada en Sincelejo, distrito de Sucre, en el norte de Colombia. Las edades de los estudiantes oscilaron entre los 12 y los 18 anos (media, 15,09 ± 1,82). Los participantes completaron 3 instrumentos de cribado: uno de datos sociodemográficos, uno sobre consumo de algunas sustancias, tales como tabaco y cannabis, y su frecuencia y un instrumento de autoinforme para evaluar varios dominios de la personalidad y algunas psicopatologías. Se realizaron una serie de pruebas de la t, ANOVA y análisis de regresión lineal. Resultados: La agresión física (t = 7,74; p <0,01), el componente cognitivo de la depresión (t = 5,03; p <0,01), el componente afectivo de la depresión (t = 8,24; p <0,01), la inestabilidad afectiva (t = 3,46, p < 0,01), las pocas relaciones sociales (t = 3,36, p < 0,01), las autolesiones (p <0,01; t = 3,45, p <0,01), el cannabis (t = 2,83; p <0,05) y la toma de tranquilizantes (t = 2,37; p <0,05), se asociaron con el comportamiento suicida. La agresión (t = 2,59; p <0,05), los componentes de la depresión (t = 9,03; p <0,01) y los rasgos de personalidad límite (t = 4,12, p <0,01) predijeron el comportamiento suicida. Conclusiones: Se requieren más estudios longitudinales en esta área con el fin de identificar las relaciones causales entre los factores estudiados y el comportamiento suicida de los jóvenes en Sincelejo.
RESUMEN
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo el diseño y vali- dación de una escala para evaluar comportamiento con- traproducente en línea que incluye el análisis conjunto de conductas destructivas (antisociales) y constructivas (prosociales). Además, se propuso determinar qué ras- gos de personalidad (normales, patológicos, negativos o positivos) predicen dicho comportamiento. Participaron 351 sujetos de población general argentina (156 hombres, 191 mujeres, 2 se identificaron como no binarios), con una edad promedio de 39.35 años (de = 13.79). Para el cumplimiento de todos los objetivos, aparte de la prueba construida, se emplearon los siguientes instrumentos: Big Five Inventory, Personality Inven- tory for DSM-5 Brief-Form, Positive Traits Inventory Short-Form, Dark Triad Scale, y una encuesta diseñada ad hoc para evaluar el uso de internet y redes sociales. El análisis factorial exploratorio reveló una estructura de dos factores orientados a la evaluación de los dos tipos de conductas, que explicaban el 57.5 % de la varianza total. Como resultado, se dio lugar a una escala de 18 ítems con muy buenos valores de fiabilidad coeficiente omega (conductas destructivas ω = 0.88; conductas constructivas ω = 0.79). Por último, se realizaron análisis de regresión jerárquica que determinaron que los rasgos de la tríada oscura son los que mejor predicen el desarrollo de conductas destructivas, en tanto que los rasgos positivos predicen las conductas constructivas. Palabras clave: rasgos de personalidad; comportamiento en línea; antisocial; prosocial.
The present study aimed to design and validate a scale to assess online counterproductive behavior that includes the joint analysis of destructive (antisocial) and constructive (prosocial) behaviors. In addition, it was studied which personality traits (normal, pathological, negative or positive) predict this counterproductive behavior. 351 subjects from the general Argentine population participated (156 men, 191 women, 2 identified themselves as non-binary), with an average age of 39.35 years (SD = 13.79). In order to achieve the objectives, in addition to the constructed test, the follow- ing instruments were used: Personality Inventory for dSM-5 Brief-Form, Positive Traits Inventory Short-Form, Dark Triad Scale, and a survey designed ad hoc to assess internet and social media sites use. The exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure oriented to the evaluation of the two types of behaviors that explained 57.5 % of the total variance. As a result, a scale of 18 items with very good reliability values omega coefficient (destructive behaviors ω = 0.88; constructive behaviors ω = 0.79) was developed. Finally, hierarchical regression analyzes were performed. The results showed that the Dark Triad traits best predict destructive behaviors, while positive traits predict constructive behaviors.
O objetivo deste estudo foi a concepção e validação de uma escala para avaliar o comportamento on-line contraproducente que inclui a análise conjunta de com- portamentos destrutivos (antissociais) e construtivos (pró-sociais). Além disso, foi proposto determinar quais traços de personalidade (normal, patológico, negativo ou positivo) predizem tal comportamento. Participaram 351 sujeitos da população geral argentina (156 homens, 191 mulheres, 2 identificados como não binários), com idade média de 39.35 anos (dP = 13.79). Para atender a todos os objetivos, além do teste cons- truído, foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Big Five Inventory, Personality Inventory for DSM- 5 Brief-Form, Positive Traits Inventory Short-Form, Dark Triad Scale e um questionário elaborado ad hoc para avaliar o uso da internet e das redes sociais. A análise fatorial exploratória revelou uma estrutura de dois fatores orientada para a avaliação dos dois tipos de comportamentos, que explicaram 57.5 % da variância total. Como resultado, foi criada uma escala de 18 itens com valores de confiabilidade muito bons coeficiente ômega (comportamentos destrutivos ω = 0.88; comportamentos construtivos ω = 0.79). Por fim, foram realizadas análises de regressão hie- rárquica, que determinaram que os traços da Tríade escura predizem melhor o desenvolvimento de comportamentos destrutivos, enquanto os traços positivos predizem comportamentos construtivos
Asunto(s)
HumanosRESUMEN
Introducción: la simultaneidad de actividades entre las exigencias académicas y el adiestramiento médico durante las residencias provoca un elevado riesgo de desarrollar un desgaste profesional (o síndrome de burnout [SB]) en los médicos residentes. El objetivo fue identificar los factores psicosociales y socio- demográficos asociados al SB en médicos residentes. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal y correlacional. Participaron 47 médicos residentes de un hospital público. Se aplicaron la Escala de Desgaste Ocupacional (EDO), el Inventario Multifásico de la Personalidad Minnesota-2 Forma Reestructurada (MMPI2-Rf) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de correlación no paramétrica de Spearman. Resultados: el 25.6 % de los participantes mostró burnout alto, y el 51 %, un agotamiento emocional alto. Respecto a los factores de personalidad y sociodemográficos asociados, solo mostraron relación significativa (p < 0.05) la escala de impulsividad (r = 0.341, p = 0.019) y las horas de ejercicio en la semana (r = −0.414, p = 0.004). Al segmentar por sexo, solo en los hombres del estudio existió una relación entre SB y psicoticismo (r = 0.468, p = 0.018), la disminución de la actividad física (r = −0.620, p = 0.001) y primeros años de residencia (r = −0.396, p = 0.050). Conclusiones: el alto agotamiento emocional de los residentes está asociado con problemas en el manejo de impulsos, distorsiones de la realidad (debido al psicoticismo), pertenecer a los primeros años de residencia y falta de ejercicio físico. Se requiere especial atención a la salud física y mental de estos profesionales
Introduction: The simultaneity of activities between academic demands and medical training during residencies is a high risk of developing burnout syndrome (BS) among resident physicians, which decreases their quality of life. This study aimed to identify the psychosocial and sociodemographic factors associated with BS among resident physicians from a public hospital. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional and correlational study involved 47 resident physicians. The Occupational Burnout Scale (EDO), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form, and a sociodemographic questionnaire were applied. The data were analyzed by using nonparametric Spearman's correlation test. Results: We found that 25.6% of the participants had a high level of burnout, while 51% showed a high level of emotional exhaustion. Regarding personality and sociodemographic factors associated with BS, only the impulsivity scale (r = 0.341; p = 0.019) and the hours of exercise performed in a week (r = −0.414; p = 0.004) showed a significant relationship (p < 0.05). When segmented by sex, a relationship between BS and psychoticism (r = 0.468; p = 0.018), decreased physical activity (r = −0.620; p = 0.001), and first years of residence (r = −0.396; p = 0.050) were noted only in men. Conclusions: A high level of emotional exhaustion was evidenced among the medical residents in relation to the development of their activities, which were associated with problems in the management of impulses, distortions of reality (due to psychoticism), belonging to the first years of residency, and the lack of physical exercise. Hence, special attention must be given to the physical and mental health of medical residents
Introdução: a simultaneidade de atividades entre as demandas acadêmicas e ao mesmo tempo a formação médica durante as residências acarreta alto risco de desenvolvimento da Síndrome de Burnout (SB) nos médicos residentes, diminuindo sua qualidade de vida. O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar os fatores psicossociais e sociodemográficos associados à SB em médicos residentes. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal e correlacional. Participaram 47 médicos residentes de um hospital público. Aplicou-se a Escala de Desgaste Ocupacional (EDO), o Inventário Multifásico da Personalidade Minnesota-2 Forma Reestruturada (MMPI2-Rf) e adicionalmente um questionário sociodemográfico. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste de correlação não paramétrica de Spearman. Resultados: 25,6% dos participantes apresentaram alto burnout e 51% alto nível de exaustão emocional. Em relação aos fatores de personalidade e sociodemográficos associados à SB, apenas a escala de impulsividade (r = 0,341; p = 0,019) e as horas de exercício por semana (r = −0,414; p = 0.004) apresentaram relação significativa (p < 0,05). Quando segmentado por sexo, apenas nos homens do estudo houve relação entre SB e psicoticismo (r = 0,468; p = 0,018), diminuição da atividade física (r = −0,620; p = 0,001) e primeiros anos de residência (r = −0,396; p = 0,050). Conclusões: destaca-se o elevado desgaste emocional vivenciado pelos residentes no desenvolvimento das suas atividades, que se associa a problemas na gestão dos impulsos, distorções da realidade (devido ao psicoticismo), estar nos primeiros anos de residência e falta de exercício físico. É necessária atenção especial à saúde física e mental desses profissionais