A study examining the relationship between Gender and Personality

Background: Several studies have pointed out the relationship between gender and personality in its various facets. The current study investigates if the personality traits of a person is associated with their gender. The rationale of the study is to understand what impact gender has on one’s personality. Methodology: A standardised survey was distributed to a sample of adolescents belonging to the age group of 16-21 years from Mumbai. Each person completed a different measure on the Big Five Personality traits. Women reported themselves to be higher in Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Warmth, and Openness to Feelings, whereas men were higher in Assertiveness and Openness to Ideas. The sample comprises of 50 men and 50 women each from the age group of 16-21 years. Results: Women scored comparatively higher on all the three scales which denotes women are more open to new experiences and new ideas, they are most likely to put others’ needs ahead of their own and cooperate rather than compete with each other. They experience negative emotions like fear, anxiety, guilt and shame intensely. Whereas men on the other hand are practical, conventional and focus on the concrete, they tend to avoid the unknown and follow traditional ways. They experience less empathy and are described as hostile, competitive and antagonists. Conclusion: Further studies on gender and personality are needed to elucidate the findings of the current study

Parámetros evaluados en la investigación de Tests de Personalidad: una revisión sistemática / Parameters assessed in research with Personality Tests: a systematic review / Parâmetros avaliados em pesquisas com Testes de Personalidade: uma revisão sistemática

Presentamos un recorte de una investigación que tiene como objetivo brindar información sobre el Estado actual del Arte y algunas bases teóricas que contribuirán en la construcción de la tesis de Doctorado en Psicología de la autora, que tiene como objetivo general construir y validar un nuevo instrumento en Brasil que ayudara al bienestar en jóvenes estudiantes universitarios. Se evidencia en la literatura científica nacional brasileña la diversidad de investigaciones que involucran diferentes test de evaluación de la personalidad, lo cual torna valioso poder identificar los puntos principales de las convergencias o divergencias, en las tendencias de las investigaciones con dichos instrumentos. Por lo tanto, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar los principales estudios durante los últimos diez años en Brasil, acerca de los parámetros evaluados por los Test que estudian la personalidad, caracterizar dichos instrumentos, identificar los parámetros que utilizan y realizar un registro. La metodología utilizada fue de la de revisión sistemática. Como principal resultado de los artículos analizados, que abordaron estudios de campo, observamos que se evaluaron la aplicabilidad y las particularidades de la personalidad del público investigado, así como también, la mayoría de los artículos utilizaron más de un instrumento de prueba, como escalas, cuestionarios e inventarios, para apoyar la construcción de sus resultados. La importancia de la aplicación sistemática utilizando instrumentos de evaluación, ya sea de la personalidad o habilidades cognitivas, muestra que son eficaces como para realizar una comparación en las poblaciones. Este es un punto de investigación ulterior para poder promover acciones en jóvenes estudiantes y su calidad de vida(AU)

An investigation is presented that seeks to provide information on theoretical bases whose general objective is to build and validate a new instrument for Brazil on the well-being of young university students. The diversity of research on different personality assessment tests is evidenced in the Brazilian national scientific literature, characterizing the main points of convergence and divergence in research trends in this area. The present work as a systematic review aims to identify and analyze the main studies carried out in the last ten years in Brazil, on the parameters evaluated by the personality characteristics tests, identifying their technical and scientific parameters. The results identify articles that addressed field studies and the applicability and particularities of the personality characteristics of the test instruments, such as scales, questionnaires, and inventories, were evaluated. The importance of systematically applying assessment tools, be they personality or cognitive skills, shows that these tools are effective enough to present evidence for use in a population comparison. Subsequent studies on this aspect are another research point to be able to promote actions with young students and their quality of life(AU)

Apresenta-se um recorte de uma pesquisa que tem como objetivo brindar informação sobre o Estado atual do Arte e algumas bases teóricas que contribuíram na construção da Tesis de Doutorado em Psicologia da autora, que tem como objetivo geral construir e validar um novo instrumento no Brasil que ajudara ao bem-estar em jovens estudantes universitários. Evidencia-se na literatura científica nacional a diversidade de pesquisas que envolvem os testes que avaliam a personalidade, ao qual torna-se importante identificar os pontos principais, sejam eles, similares ou divergentes sobre as tendências em pesquisas. Assim, tem como objetivos analisar os principais estudos disponíveis na literatura nacional dos últimos dez anos sobre os parâmetros avaliados nos Testes de Personalidade, caracterizar os testes psicológicos de personalidade, identificar os parâmetros de estudos sobre Personalidade e elencar os aspectos metodológicos utilizados. A trajetória metodológica foi de revisão sistemática. Como resultados principais os artigos analisados foram estudos de campo, que avaliavam a aplicabilidade e particularidades da personalidade do público pesquisado, assim como, a maioria dos artigos relacionavam mais de um instrumento de testagem, escalas, questionário e inventários, para apoiar na construção dos seus resultados. Conclui-se a importância da realização sistemáticas envolvendo instrumentos de avaliação, sejam estes de personalidade, ou de outras habilidades cognitivas, como comparativo da eficiência destes em populações(AU)

Trajectory analysis of single-drug therapy for first-episode major depression disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To analyze the treatment trajectory and revelant factors of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in patients with first-episode major depression after single-drug treatment. And to provide ideas for early optimal treatment. Methods This study was a real-world study in which 82 untreated outpa-tients with first-episode depression were enrolled for SSRIs monotherapy. The Eysenck Personality Test (EPQ),the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS),Yale -Brown Forced Scale (Y-BOCS),Social Function Deficit Scale (SDSS) were used to assess all patients at baseline. Then the patients were treated with SSRIs monotherapy. Patients who did not achieve a HAMD-17 20% reduction rate in the second week switched to receive another SSRIs monotherapy application. Follow-up to the 12th week to analyze treatment trajectory and identify factors associated with treatment trajectory. Results The psychotism personality trait ( B=-0. 287,95%CI=-0. 701~-0. 071,P=0. 009) and age ( B=0. 099,95%CI=0. 014~0. 244,P=0. 017) were related to treatment trajectories. The psychotism personality trait did not directly influence the treatment trajectory but influenced the treatment indirectly through agitation and the effect value was 0. 016,which ac-counted for 10. 76% of the total effect. Social anxiety and avoidance,depression,anxiety,obsessive-compul-sive symptoms and social dysfunction at baseline were not associated with antidepressant efficacy. Conclusion Psychoticism can predict the efficacy of antidepressants treatment as a mediator at the second week of treat-ment.

How the personalities of medical students at the National University of Singapore differ from those of the local non-medical undergraduate population: a cross-sectional study

INTRODUCTION@#Integrity and willingness to contribute to society are desired traits of medical students beyond academic excellence. We investigated the personality traits of medical students at the National University of Singapore (NUS), who were about to become doctors. Personality traits were compared with a peer population of local university students.@*METHODS@#This study was conducted between October 2013 and December 2014. Year 4 medical students were administered the Revised NEO (Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness) Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), a 240-item Likert scale personality test. Test data was analysed by an institutional psychologist and compared to a separate sample of 377 non-medical students who were peers at the same university taking psychology as a module. Data was collated and analysed.@*RESULTS@#65 Year 4 medical students completed the NEO PI-R personality test. The personalities of Year 4 medical students at NUS differed from their peers in all domains except for openness. NUS medical students generally had less neuroticism, and were more extroverted, agreeable and conscientious than their peers.@*CONCLUSION@#Personality testing of NUS Year 4 medical students showed many of the desired traits of a doctor when compared to their peers at the same university.

External validity study of a personality disorders screening test in a community sample

Abstract Background A screening test for personality disorders was recently developed in Brazil, the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory – screening version (IDCP-SV). However, no relationship between this screening measure and other scales or external criteria was tested. Objective To seek for validity evidence based on related criteria (e.g., other psychological tests) and external criteria (e.g., sample demographics). Methods Sample comprised 804 participants from São Paulo (Brazil), most female and college students, with mean age equal to 29.65 (SD = 10.73). They answered the IDCP-SV and another screening for personality disorders (IPDS), a depression measure (EBADEP-screening), a scale assessing reasoning for living (EMVIVER), and a self-report for personality disorders categories assessment (SCID-II-PQ). Results IDCP-SV identified 46.4% of community sample as positive for personality disorders. The positive group showed the great mean for almost all comparisions, including psychological tests and the demographics characteristics, including large expressive effect sizes. Discussion Data suggest that the IDCP-SV discriminates a similar percentage of people from the community to what was reported previously using other screening measures; besides, the mean comparisons between groups showed good discriminative capacity by IDCP-SV items.

Constructing a couple-items validity scale / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo validate the judgment criteria of the validity scale for the assessment system on the character and temperament approach of command officers,and to describe the theory of this scale.MethodsUsing the way of imitating and field testing,correction of the criteria was verdicted based on the binary distribution theory.Results ①According the imitating research,about the 22 pairs of couple-items,the correct ratio,which is completely based on guessing,is about 4.9％,not reach 5％.②According the field testing,about the 22 pairs of couple-items,the correct ratio,which is completely based on guessing,is about 7.6％,not reach 8％.ConclusionOn the basis of theory analyzing,imitating research and field testing,not only can find the couple-items scale has many good features,such as more various show,more excellent disguise,but also can affirm the criterion of 19,which is based on the binary distribution theory,is also appropriate.

Psychological Personality Test in Premature Ejaculation Patients / 대한비뇨기과학회지

On psychological aspect, premature ejaculation in psychosexual dysfunction is generally associated with anxiety. Psychiatrists consider that the treatment of choice for premature ejaculation is directive sextherapy with psychotherapy. We screened psychopathology according to the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R) in premature ejaculation group (n=120) and control group (n=92). The rate of abnormal RESULTS of both groups were similar as 5 (4.1%) in patient group and 4 (4.3%) in control group. And there was statistical significance in T scores on 5 symptom dimensions of Obsessive-Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety and Psychoticism, but all of the T scores of those dimensions were with in the normal range. The psychological personality test does not reflect all of the psychosexual factors. But with the psychological screening, we could find that the psychological factors are not absolutely associated with premature ejaculation.