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Objective: In this study, the aim was to investigate the inhibitory effect of 6,6′-bieckol on the migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, and explore its potential molecular mechanisms. Methods: Cell migration was measured using a CCK8, wound healing, and transwell migration assay. Apoptosis was determined using an Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to examine the expression level of apoptosis-related proteins and EMT marker proteins. Results: The results showed that 6,6′-bieckol inhibited migration and induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, 6,6′-bieckol had significantly up-regulated the E-cadherin and down-regulated Snail1 and Twist1 transcriptional levels. 6,6′-Bieckol might inhibit TGF-β-induced EMT by down-regulating Snail1 and Twist1 and up-regulating E-cadherin in lung cancer cells. Conclusion: It is suggested that 6,6′-bieckol has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic candidate for lung cancer.
RESUMEN
Introduction: Phlorotannins are bioactive-value polymers existing in brown algae and useful for pharmaceutics and functional food. Therefore, the study focused on the spray drying conditions survey, the evaluation of antioxidant activities, and physico-chemical characterization of antioxidant nano phlorotannin powder prepared from brown algae Sargassum serratum.Methods: To survey the effect of spray drying conditions (carriers, carrier-to-solution ratio, compressed air pressure, liquid feed speed, inlet air temperature) on antioxidant activities (total antioxidant, reducing power, DPPH free radical scavenging), and physico-chemical (solubility degree, moisture, particle morphology, and bulk density) of antioxidant phlorotannin powder from brown algae Sargassum serratumcommonly growing in the Vietnam sea area.Results: The optimum spray drying condition consisted of the carrier-to-solution ratio of 10%, compressed air pressure of 0.8 bar, the liquid feed speed of 10 ml min-1, and the inlet temperature of 110°C. At the optimization condition, the antioxidant activity of phlorotannin powder possessed total antioxidant (4.347 ± 0.018 g ascorbic acid equivalent 100-1g DP), reducing power activity (9.390 ± 0.024 g FeSO4equivalent 100-1g DP), DPPH free radical scavenging activity ((70.02 ± 0.26)%), physico-chemical of antioxidant phlorotannin powder consisting of moisture content (5 ± 0.5%), phlorotannin content (2.268 ± 0.010 g phloroglucinol equivalent 100-1g DP), solubility degree (100%), and bulk density (<1g/ml). Phlorotannin content and antioxidant activities were affected by the spray drying condition (p < 0.05) and a strong correlation to each other (R2> 0.9). Antioxidant phlorotannin particles possessed nanometer size and the morphology of irregular and microspheres.Conclusion: Antioxidant nano phlorotannin powder could be usefulas functional food and pharmaceuticals