RESUMEN
RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os discursos e imagens sobre a Educação Física Escolar presentes no Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira. Realizou-se uma pesquisa documental, de abordagem qualitativa, a partir da análise do discurso e do conteúdo visual envolvendo o capítulo. A Educação Física Escolar, nas recomendações do guia, assume uma visão funcionalista e utilitarista do movimento humano. Entende-se o avanço promovido pelo guia, sobretudo ao incentivar e valorizar a Educação Física Escolar no Brasil. Contudo, é fundamental transformar o discurso vigente, de caráter predominantemente biomédico, em uma abordagem que valorize a cultura corporal em suas múltiplas contribuições para a formação dos estudantes.
ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to analyze the discourses and images about school physical education present in the Guide of Physical Activity for the Brazilian Population. A documental research of qualitative approach was carried out, based on the Discourse Analysis and the Visual Content involving the chapter. School physical education, in the recommendations of the Guide, assumes a functionalist and utilitarian view of human movement. It is understood the progress promoted by the Guide, especially by encouraging and valuing school physical education in Brazil. However, it is essential to transform the current discourse, predominantly biomedical, into an approach that values body culture in its multiple contributions to the formation of students.
Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los discursos e imágenes sobre la educación física escolar presentes en la Guía de Actividad Física para la Población Brasileña. Se realizó una investigación documental, de enfoque cualitativo, a partir del Análisis del Discurso y del Contenido Visual que involucra el capítulo. La educación física escolar, en las recomendaciones de la Guía, asume una visión funcionalista y utilitaria del movimiento humano. Se entienden los avances promovidos por la Guía, especialmente por el fomento y la valoración de la educación física escolar en Brasil. Sin embargo, es imprescindible transformar el discurso actual, predominantemente biomédico, en un enfoque que valore la cultura corporal en sus múltiples aportaciones a la formación de los estudiantes.
RESUMEN
Objective:To analyze and compare the policies and theoretical fundamental, the categories and amount of activities, benefits and influential factors of international and national physical activity guidelines for children, to provide theoretical and method guidance for the development and implementation of relevant guidelines. Methods:Six guidelines of physical activity for children issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), China, United States, Australia and Canada (2 sets) were included, analyzed and coded using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). The policy background, theories, evidence-based methods, recommended activities, activity volume, benefits and influential factors of the guidelines were discussed. Results:There were relevant backgrounds of health policies and theoretical fundamentals for the development of these guidelines. The recommended categories of physical activities involved the activities of fitness, skills and sports. The amount of activity all the guidelines recommended was at least 60 minutes of moderate to high intensity activity per day, and vigorous-intensity or musculoskeletal enhancement activities at least three times a week. Physical activities had benefit for children in the fields of development and maxima of functioning, promotion of activities and participation, formation of good habits of life, establishment of healthy lifestyles, and improvement of the relevant environmental factors. Conclusion:It is useful to analyze and compare the contents of guidelines of physical activities for children using framework, terminology and coding systems of ICF-CY. Both international and national guidelines of physical activity for children are developed in relevant health policies backgrounds and health-related theories. There are three types of physical activity for children aligning to ICF-CY: fitness, skills and sports. All guidelines recommended moderate to high level intensity of activity. Children can gain from physical activities for the development of exercise habits and active lifestyles. Accessible environments are recommended, including Products and Technology, Natural Environment and Human-Made Changes to Environment, Support and Relationships, Attitudes, and Services, Systems and Policies.