Orbital exenteration for a third eyelid gland carcinoma in a dog / 대한수의학회지

A 13-year-old neutered male Poodle dog was presented with a third eyelid mass in the left eye. The dog had undergone local resection of the mass about a year prior in a private practice. On cytological examination, the mass was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. Although lung and lymph node metastases were suspected, based upon the computed tomographic results, exenteration was performed to relieve chronic pain and to improve the dog's quality of life. Exenteration carried a good prognosis with no tumor recurrence until 1 year and 10 months after surgery, when local recurrence occurred near the left zygomatic arch.

Normal clinical electroretinography parameters for poodle, Labrador retriever, Thai ridgeback, and Thai Bangkaew

The purpose of the present study was to establish normal electroretinogram (ERG) parameters using 56 normal eyes of four dog breeds common in Thailand: poodle, Labrador retriever, Thai ridgeback, and Thai Bangkaew. Standard ERG findings were bilaterally recorded using a handheld multi-species ERG unit with an ERG-jet lens electrode for 28 dogs under preanesthesia with diazepam, anesthesia with propofol, and anesthesia maintenance with isoflurane. There were significant differences in the mean values of ERG amplitudes and implicit times among the four dog breeds (p < 0.05) except for the b-wave implicit time of the photopic 30 Hz flicker response with 3 cd.s/m2 (p = 0.610). Out of the four breeds, Thai Bangkaew had the longest implicit time (p < 0.001) of scotopic low intensity responses, b-wave of scotopic standard intensity responses (3 cd.s/m2), a-wave of the higher intensity response (10 cd.s/m2), and a-wave of the photopic single flash response (3 cd.s/m2). For the b/a ratio, only the ratio of the Cone response was significantly different among the different breeds. In this summary, normal ERG parameters for four dog breeds were reported. Data from the investigation supported the hypothesis that determination of breed-specific limits of normality for ERG responses is necessary for individual clinics and laboratories.

Morphology and morphometry of the foramen magnum in Toy Poodle and Yorkshire terrier dogs / Morfologia e morfometria do forame magno em cães das raças Poodle Toy e Yorkshire terrier

The occipital dysplasia has been characterized by a dorsal enlargement of the foramen magnum which can vary in size and shape. Clinical signs may be present or not in animals with occipital dysplasia. The purpose of this study was to radiographically analyze the morphology and morphometry of the foramen magnum of thirty healthy dogs. This study chose to use fifteen Yorkshire terrier dogs and fifteen Toy Poodle dogs in order to characterize the radiographic aspects of the foramen magnum and contribute to the diagnosis and critical analysis of the occipital dysplasia importance. According to the foramen magnum morphology and tracings, it was possible to classify the radiographic aspects into different shapes varing from oval and quadrangular. Out of 26 (86.7 percent) animals had a dorsal enlargement and 4 (13.3 percent) showed normal foramen magnum. Animals without any clinical signs that are radiographically classified as dysplastic dogs may simply represent an anatomic variation of the foramen magnum.

A displasia do occipital é o alargamento dorsal do forame magno, o qual pode variar a sua forma e tamanho e os animais com esta alteração morfológica podem ou não apresentar manifestações clínicas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar radiograficamente a morfologia e a morfometria do forame magno de 30 cães assintomáticos das raças Poodle toy e Yorkshire terrier, sendo 15 de cada, a fim de se caracterizar os aspectos radiográficos do forame magno e contribuir para o diagnóstico e análise crítica da relevância da displasia do occipital. O forame magno apresentou aspectos que variaram de oval a quadrangular. A presença do alargamento dorsal ocorreu em 26 (86,7 por cento) animais e a ausência em apenas quatro (13,3 por cento). Animais sem manifestações clínicas, que apresentam graus variados de alargamento dorsal e são classificados radiograficamente como displásicos, podem apenas representar variações anatômicas do forame magno.

Determinação dos valores normais do eletrorretinograma de campo total em cães da raça Poodle portadores de catarata de acordo com a faixa etária / Determination of normal values of full-field electroretinogram in Poodle dogs with cataract according to age

Eletrorretinograma (ERG) é um meio diagnóstico objetivo, não invasivo e capaz de avaliar a função retiniana, detectando precocemente, em diversas espécies, lesões nas camadas mais externas. Tem como uma das principais indicações a avaliação pré-cirúrgica em pacientes portadores de catarata. A determinação dos valores normais do ERG é indispensável quando se objetiva, pela mensuração dos valores, o auxílio no diagnóstico das degenerações retinianas, mesmo quando apresentam opacidade de meios (catarata). Este estudo teve como objetivo padronizar os valores das respostas do eletrorretinograma em cães da raça Poodle portadores de catarata madura ou hipermadura, submetidos ao mesmo protocolo de sedação, adaptação ao escuro e eletrodo, utilizando aparelho portátil BPM 200. Em todos os animais, o exame oftalmológico precedeu o ERG. Os animais foram separados em quatro grupos de acordo com a faixa etária: um a três anos (GI), quatro a sete anos (GII), oito a 11 anos (GIII) e 12 anos ou mais (GIV). Foram mensuradas a amplitude pico a pico (pico da onda-a até o pico da onda-b) e o tempo de culminação da onda-b na resposta de bastonetes, máxima resposta e resposta de cones. Cães com respostas atenuadas ou extintas foram excluídos deste trabalho. Observou-se diminuição das amplitudes das três respostas quando se comparou GI com os demais grupos. Houve aumento do tempo de culminação da onda-b na comparação da resposta de bastonetes de GI com os outros grupos. O tempo de culminação da onda-b na máxima resposta e resposta de cones manteve-se praticamente inalterado nos quatro grupos testados. Concluiu-se que houve alteração dependente de idade nos parâmetros eletrorretinográficos, com diminuição da amplitude na resposta de bastonetes, máxima resposta e resposta de cones, enquanto que, no tempo de culminação da onda-b, apenas a resposta de bastonetes foi estatisticamente significante nos animais submetidos ao mesmo protocolo na execução do ERG.

Electroretinogram (ERG) is an objective and noninvasive diagnostic tool for the evaluation of retinal function, capable to detect early, lesions of the outermost layers in several species of animals. One of its main indications is to evaluate pre-surgical patients for cataract surgery. The determination of normal ERG values is essential if the aim is, by measuring the values; aid the diagnosis of retinal degeneration, despite of the presence of media opacity (cataract). The objective of this study was to standardize the values of electroretinogram responses in Poodle dogs with mature or hypermature cataract, submitted to the same sedation and dark adaptation protocol, using a portable electrodiagnostic system, BPM 200. In all animals, the ophthalmologic examination preceded ERG. Animals were divided into four groups according to age: 1 to 3 years (GI), 4 to 7 years (GII), 8 to 11 years (GIII) and 12 or more years (GIV). Peak-to-peak amplitude (peak of a-wave to peak of b-wave) and b-wave implicit time were measured in rod response and in maximal response and cone response. Dogs with decreased or absent responses were excluded from the study. GI presented decrease in amplitudes of the three responses and increase in b-wave implicit time of rod response when compared with the other groups. B-wave implicit times in maximal response and cone response were practically unaltered in all four groups. It was concluded that there was age-dependent changes in electroretinographic parameters, with decreased amplitudes in rod response, maximal response and cone response. Delay in b-wave implicit time was observed in rod response and unchanged in the two others tested responses of animals subjected to the same ERG protocol.