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Objective:To investigate the application value of donor liver autologous portal venous blood rinse in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 35 pairs of donors and recipients who underwent OLT in the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from May 2018 to June 2019 were collected. Of the 35 donors, there were 31 males and 4 females, aged (48±9)years. Of the 35 recipients, there were 25 males and 10 females, aged (47±9)years. Of the 35 recipients, 16 recipients undergoing donor liver autologous portal venous blood rinse were allocated into the portal vein group, and 19 recipients undergoing donor liver albumin water rinse were allocated into the albumin group. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and compari-son between groups was analyzed using the t test. Measurement data of skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were descried as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the Fisher exact probability. Results:(1) Surgical situations. The anhepatic phase time and arterial blood Ca 2+ concentration within 5 minutes after reperfusion of the recipients were (52±12)minutes and (0.99±0.10)mmol/L in the portal vein group, versus (64±12)minutes and (1.05±0.07)mmol/L in the albumin group, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=2.94, 2.22, P<0.05). The mean arterial pressure, arterial blood K +concentration and arterial blood pH within 5 minutes after reperfusion of the recipients were (70±24)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (4.7±1.3)mmol/L and 7.27±0.06 in the portal vein group, versus (71±28)mmHg, (4.6±1.1)mmol/L and 7.30±0.07 in the albumin group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=0.14, 0.30, 1.22, P>0.05). (2) Post-operative situations. Cases with post-reperfusion syndrome (PRS), cases with severe PRS of cardiac arrest, cases with primary graft nonfunction of the recipients were 6, 0, 2 in the portal vein group, versus 8, 1, 1 in the albumin group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). Total bilirubin on postoperative day 7 of the recipients was (90±52)μmol/L in the portal vein group, versus (166±112)μmol/L in the albumin group, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( t=2.66, P<0.05). International normalized ratio on postoperative day 7, the highest alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase within 7 days after operation of the recipients were 2.1±2.0, (1 952±2 813)IU/L and (3 944±6 673)IU/L in the portal vein group, versus 1.8±0.6, (1 023±1 014) IU/L and (2 005±2 910)IU/L in the albumin group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=0.66, 1.23, 1.08, P>0.05). Recipients with hepatic artery complication and biliary complication were 1 and 2 in the portal vein group, versus 0 and 4 in the albumin group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). There were 3 cases and 2 cases died during the perioperative period in the portal vein group and the albumin group, respectively. (3) Follow-up. Of the 35 recipients, 30 recipients were followed up for 534(range, 28?776)days after operation. During the follow-up, there were 3 patients with postoperative complications in the portal vein group including 2 cases died and 1 case recovered after sympto-matic treatment. There were 5 patients with postoperative complications in the albumin group including 1 case died and 4 cases recovered after symptomatic treatment. Up to the follow-up date, 11 patients in the portal vein group and 16 patients in the albumin group were in good condition. Conclusion:Rinse of the donor liver with autologous portal venous blood during liver transplantation can shorten the time of anhepatic phase, without increasing the occurrence of post-reperfusion syndrome, ischemia re-perfusion injury and biliary tract complications.
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Introducción: una serie de breves períodos de isquemias a distancia, previo al evento isquémico mayor, pueden limitar el daño miocárdico producido por la isquemia crítica y el que se produce posreperfusión. Objetivo: demostrar la efectividad del precondicionamiento isquémico a distancia en pacientes diabéticos a los cuales se les realizó revascularización coronaria. Métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal prospectivo experimental en dos grupos de 103 pacientes, a los que se les realizó revascularización con injerto de la arteria coronaria. En el grupo de prueba incluido en este estudio, se le colocó al paciente un torniquete el cual se insufló tres veces durante cinco minutos en el brazo no dominante, a una presión de 200 mmHg, previo, durante y después del evento isquémico mayor, el que se correspondió con el pinzamiento de la arteria coronaria. Resultados: no se logró una disminución significativa de la creatinina sérica, glicemia, transaminasas glutámico pirúvica, de la creatinfosfoquinasa-MB, ni del consumo de drogas inotrópicas y vasoactivas. Tampoco en la incidencia de arritmias ventriculares letales, bajo gasto cardiaco fatal y muerte postoperatoria. Conclusiones: el precondicionamiento isquémico a distancia puede ser una importante herramienta a tener en cuenta en la protección anti-isquémica de la revascularización miocárdica, pero no parece ser útil en los pacientes diabéticos acorde a esta investigación(AU)
Introduction: A series of short periods of ischemia at a distance, prior to the greater ischemic event, may limit myocardial damage caused by severe ischemia and that occurs after reperfusion. Objective: To show the effectiveness of ischemic preconditioning at a distance in diabetic patients who were performed coronary revascularization. Methods: An experimental prospective longitudinal study was carried out in two groups of 103 patients, who were performed revascularization with coronary artery bypass graft. In the test group included in this study, the patient was placed a tourniquet insufflated three times for five minutes in the non-dominant arm, at a pressure of 200 mmHg, prior, during and after the greater ischemic event, which corresponded to the coronary artery clamping. Results: A significant decrease was not achieved in serum creatinine, glucose, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, creatine kinase-MB or in inotropic and vasoactive drugs consumption. Neither did it so in the incidence of lethal ventricular arrhythmias, low cardiac fatal output and postoperative death. Conclusions: Remote ischemic preconditioning can be an important tool for protection of antiischemic myocardial revascularization, but according to this research it may not be useful in diabetic patients(AU)
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Humanos , Tejidos/irrigación sanguínea , Precondicionamiento Isquémico/métodos , Revascularización Miocárdica/métodos , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Longitudinales , Diabetes Mellitus/cirugíaRESUMEN
Objective To investigate the risk factors of developing cardiac arrest in postreperfusion syndrome ( PRS) of orthotopic liver transplantation ( OLT ).Methods Clinical data of 192 patients who underwent OLT in the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 2003 to 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, 38 patients developed PRS.According to the occurrence of cardiac arrest or not , the patients were divided into 2 groups, including 7 cases in cardiac arrest group (5 males and 2 females) and 31 cases in non-cardiac arrest group (23 males and 8 females).The probable influence factors of cardiac arrest were selected, including gender, age, preoperative cardiac indexes ( electrocardiogram or color doppler ultrasound of heart ) , preoperative albumin , borderline pH value during opening circulation , borderline temperature, borderline blood potassium level , blood calcium level after opening , degree of donor fatty liver , time of occluding inferior vena cava , and cold ischemia time of donor liver.Comparison of data between two groups was used t-test or Fisher exact probability test.Rick factors with significance differences between two groups were analyzed by unconditional Logistic regression analysis.Results Probable risk factors of developing cardiac arrest in PRS included borderline pH value <7.35 during opening circulation , borderline temperature<36 ℃during opening circulation , borderline blood potassium level >4 mmol/L during opening circulation and moderate fatty liver ( all in P<0.05 ).Results of unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that moderate fatty liver was an independent risk factor of cardiac arrest in PRS.Conclusions Moderate fatty liver is an independent risk factor of cardiac arrest in PRS.The rational application of liver donors and paying more attention to perioperative treatment of recipients have important significance for reducing the incidence of cardiac arrest.
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Introducción: condicionar el corazón para mejorar sus capacidades cardioprotectoras endógenas con el uso de isquemias breves a distancia proporciona un novedoso abordaje potencial a la protección miocárdica durante la cirugía cardiaca. Objetivo: identificar el impacto económico del precondicionamiento isquémico a distancia en los pacientes revascularizados quirúrgicamente. Métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal prospectivo experimental en dos grupos de 100 personas, a los que se les realizó revascularización por injerto de la arteria coronaria. Se procedió a colocar un torniquete en el brazo no dominante en quienes se incluyeron en el grupo de estudio prueba, alternando tres insuflaciones con tres desinsuflaciones con una presión de 200 mmHg, manteniéndola por espacio de cinco minutos cada una, este proceder se realizó previo, durante y después del evento isquémico mayor que se corresponde con el pinzamiento de la arteria coronaria. Resultados: se logró una importante disminución del consumo de drogas inotrópicas, vasoactivas y de otros medicamentos ahorrándose una importante suma disminuyendo los costos hospitalarios. Comprobándose además, la disminución en la incidencia de arritmias ventriculares letales, bajo gasto cardiaco fatal y de muerte postoperatoria, en todos los casos muy por debajo de la predicción previamente realizada para estas complicaciones. Conclusiones: el precondicionamiento isquémico a distancia puede ser una importante herramienta a tener en cuenta en la protección antisquémica de la revascularización miocárdica que puede disminuir la morbimortalidad y los costos hospitalarios.
Background: to condition the heart to improve its endogenous cardioprotective capacity using brief remote ischemia provides a novel potential approach to myocardial protection during cardiac surgery. Objective: to identify the economic impact of remote ischemic preconditioning in surgically revascularized patients. Methods: an experimental prospective longitudinal study was conducted in two groups of 100 people who underwent revascularization by coronary artery graft. A tourniquet was placed on the non-dominant arm in those who were included in the test study group, alternating three insufflations with three desinsufflations with a pressure of 200 mmHg, each one being maintained for five minutes. This procedure was performed prior to, during and after the greater ischemic event that corresponds to the pinching of the coronary artery. Results: an important decrease of the consumption of inotropic, vasoactive and other drugs was achieved, saving an important sum, decreasing hospital costs, and also proving a reduction in the incidence of lethal ventricular arrhythmias, low cardiac output and postoperative death which were, in all cases, below the prediction previously made for these complications. Conclusions: remote ischemic preconditioning can be an important tool to be considered in the antischemic protection of myocardial revascularization that can diminish morbimortality and hospital costs.
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Introducción: Una serie de breves períodos de isquemias a distancia, previo al evento isquémico mayor, pueden limitar el daño miocárdico producido por la isquemia crítica y el que se produce postreperfusión. Objetivo: Demostrar la efectividad del precondicionamiento isquémico a distancia en los pacientes revascularizados quirúrgicamente. Diseño Metodológico: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal prospectivo experimental en dos grupos de 60 personas, a los que se les realizó revascularización por injerto de la arteria coronaria. Se procedió a colocar un torniquete en el brazo no dominante en quienes se incluyen en el grupo de estudio prueba, alternando 3 insuflaciones con 3 desinsuflaciones con una presión de 200 mmHg, manteniéndola por espacio de cinco minutos cada una, este proceder se realiza previo, durante y después del evento isquémico mayor que se corresponde con el pinzamiento de la arteria coronaria. Resultados: se logró una importante disminución de la creatinina sérica, CPK-MB, y del consumo de drogas inotrópicas y vasoactivas. Comprobándose además, la disminución en la incidencia de arritmias ventriculares letales, bajo gasto cardiaco fatal y de muerte postoperatoria, en todos los casos muy por debajo de la predicción previamente realizada para estas complicaciones. Conclusiones: El precondicionamiento isquémico a distancia puede ser una importante herramienta a tener en cuenta en la protección antisquémica de la revascularización miocárdica.
Introduction: A sort of distant ischemic periods could limite miocardic injury due to critical ischemic and resulting postreperfusion symdrome, previous to mayor ischemic event. Objective: Demostrating the eficiency of the distant ischemic precondictioning in patients with coronary revascularitation. Methodologycal desing: It was used a experimental prospective method in 60 patients divived into two groups, in which revascularitation of coronary artery by graft was apply. Patients with no dominant arm received a tourniquet, three insufflation shuffling with three deflating under 200 mmHg pressure, keeping it for five minutes each, previously, during and after the ischemic mayor event, by clamping the cornonary artery. Results: An importat diminish of seric creatinine, CPK-MB, and inotropyc and vasoactivity drugs was achieved. A diminish of lethal ventrocularies arrythmias, out put cardiac and postperatory death was also achieved and checked, in all cases beneath the previous complicactions predicted. Conclusions: The distant ischemic preconditioning can be an decisory tool to pay attention to in the antischemic protection of myocardic revascularitation.
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Liver transplantation still carries considerable risks even if the improvements in surgical and anesthetic techniques lead to a significant decrease in complications. Cardiac arrest during liver transplantation occurs most frequently immediately after the reperfusion due to the influx of hyperkalemic blood from donor liver into a recipient. Cardiac arrest caused by hyperkalemia shows a favorable response to cardiopulmonary resuscitation; however, prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation can damage the transplanted liver as well as brain and kidney resulting increased mortality and morbidity rates. The authors experienced repeating cardiac arrest and one hour cardiopulmonary resuscitation due to severe hyperkalemia (8.8 mmol/L) just after the reperfusion during cadaveric liver transplantation. Consciousness was returned 6 hours after operation and vital signs was stable. Transplanted liver well functioned although postoperative course was complicated with acute renal failure, pneumonia and pleural effusion. The patient recovered and discharged 97 days after operation.
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Humanos , Lesión Renal Aguda , Encéfalo , Cadáver , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar , Estado de Conciencia , Paro Cardíaco , Hiperpotasemia , Riñón , Trasplante de Hígado , Hígado , Mortalidad , Derrame Pleural , Neumonía , Reperfusión , Donantes de Tejidos , Signos VitalesRESUMEN
During orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), changes of hemodynamic, electrolytes and acid-base balance are frequently occurred. These changes may influence mortality and prognosis during and after surgery. The purpose of this study was to observe and evaluate the changes of hemodynamics and electrolytes occurring in 14 cases canine OLT. After insertion of endotracheal tube, anesthesia was maintained with 1%enflurane and pancuronium bromide. Swan-Ganz catheter(7.5 Fr.) was inserted into right external jugular vein and 20 gauge angiocatheter was also inserted into left femoral artery. Complete hemodynamic variables and electrolytes were measured 30 minutes after skin incision, anhepatic stage, 5 minutes before reperfusion, 5 and 30 minutes after reperfusion. The results were as follows; On reperfusion of grafted liver, 9 cases(64%) showed postreperfusion syndrome. In 9 cases showing Postreperfusion syndrome, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, mean pulmonary arterial pressure were decreased and serum potassium concentration was increased on reperfusion, but there were no significant changes in central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, heart rate, body temperature and serum ionized calcium concentration when comparing with before reperfusion. Decreased mean arterial pressure during reperfusion in postreperfusion syndrome might be speculated through decrease of myocardial contractility and systemic vascular resistance.