Evaluation of cervical posture and smartphone use in young adults / Avaliação da postura cervical e do uso de smartphone em adultos jovens

Abstract Introduction The smartphone, a popular mobile device, has become attractive because it is easy to use and due to it multifunctionality. Its prolonged use, with anterior flexion of the neck and repetitive movements of the upper limbs, contributes to musculoskeletal symptoms. Objective To evaluate changes in cervical posture due to smartphone use in adults, as well as verify the association of posture with health-related factors. Methods Cross-sectional study, carried out at two universities in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, between 2018 and 2019. A total of 769 adults (>18 years old) who routinely used smartphones participated. Data on socioeconomic variables, health conditions and smartphone use were collected. The cervical postural alignment was assessed, with the vertical head alignment (VHA) being measured using photogrammetry, in the anatomical position (baseline) and while typing on the smartphone. Results The mean age was 23 years (± 6.7), with a higher proportion of females (72.1%; n = 559) and an average of 7.9h (± 4.4) using the device. Smartphone use led to the forward head movement related to males (p < 0.05 by ΔVHA), time spent using the device (p < 0.05 by ΔVHA), functional disability in the cervical region (p < 0.05 by ΔVHA) and not sleeping well (p = 0.019 by ΔVHA on the R side). Conclusion Using a smartphone in the typing position causes the head to tilt forward, being related to longer usage time, male gender, cervical region dysfunction and sleep.

Resumo Introdução O smartphone, dispositivo móvel e popular, tornou-se atrativo pela facilidade de utilização e multifuncionalidade. Seu uso prolongado, com flexão anterior do pescoço e movimentos repetitivos dos membros superiores, contribui para sintomas musculoesqueléticos. Objetivo Avaliar as alterações da postura cervical pelo uso do smartphone em adultos, bem como verificar a associação da postura com fatores relacionados à saúde. Métodos Estudo transversal, em duas universidades em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, entre 2018 e 2019. Participaram 769 adultos (>18 anos) que usavam rotineiramente o smartphone. Foram coletadas variáveis socioeconômicas, condições de saúde e uso do smartphone. Realizou-se a avaliação do alinhamento postural da cervical, sendo mensurado o alinhamento vertical da cabeça (AVC) pela fotogrametria, na posição anatômica (baseline) e digitando no smartphone. Resultados A idade média foi de 23 anos (± 6,7), com maior proporção do sexo feminino (72,1 %; n = 559) e média de 7,9h (± 4,4) utilizando o dispositivo. O uso do smartphone gerou anteriorização de cabeça relacionada ao sexo masculino (p < 0,05 pelo ΔAVC), tempo de uso do dispositivo (p < 0,05 pela ΔAVC), incapacidade funcional na região cervical (p < 0,05 pela ΔAVC) e não dormir bem (p = 0,019 pela ΔAVC lado D). Conclusão O uso do smartphone na posição de digitação causa anteriorização de cabeça, estando relacionado ao maior tempo de uso, ao sexo masculino, à disfunção da região cervical e ao sono.

Influence of postural pattern according to the Godelieve Denys-Struyf method on pain and postpartum depression in the immediate postpartum / Influencia del patrón postural, según el método Godelieve Denys-Struyf, sobre el dolor y la depresión postparto en el puerperio inmediato / Influência do padrão postural segundo o método Godelieve Denys-Struyf na dor e na depressão pós-parto no puerpério imediato

ABSTRACT - This study aimed to evaluate the relation between the postural pattern according to the Godelieve Denys-Struyf (GDS) method with postpartum depression and pain in immediate postpartum women. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 29 women at 1-3 postpartum days. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) assessed depression and Visual Numerical Scale assessed pain score (from 0=no pain to 10=the most intense pain). Postural pattern was categorized into groups according to the deviation plane: axial (anteromedial, posteromedial, anteroposterior, and posteroanterior postures) and relational (anterolateral and posterolateral postures) or mixed, considering upper and lower limbs. Participants' age ranged from 19 to 41 years, body mass index from 21.4 to 43.8 kg/m 2 . The EPDS scored from 10 to 26 points. In total, 52% women reported pain, but the pain score was similar among postural pattern groups (p=0.77) and not correlated with EPDS (p=0.88). Women's postural patterns were: mixed (45%), relational (38%), and axial (17%). EPDS score was higher for relational pattern group than axial group (20.45±1.63 vs 15.00±3.24; p=0.01). In conclusion, the mixed postural pattern was the most frequent. The relational postural pattern group (anterolateral and posterolateral posture) presented a higher depression score than the axial postural pattern group. No association was found between postural patterns and the pain score or between pain and postpartum depression.

RESUMEN - El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre el patrón postural según el método Godelieve Denys-Struyf (GDS), la depresión postparto y el dolor en mujeres en el puerperio inmediato. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 29 mujeres en el período entre 1 y 3 días después del parto. Se evaluaron la depresión mediante la Escala de Depresión Postparto de Edimburgo (EPDS) y el dolor mediante la Escala Numérica Visual del Dolor (0=ningún dolor, 10=dolor intenso). El patrón postural se categorizó según el plano de la alteración postural: axial (planos anteromedial, posteromedial, anteroposterior y posteroanterior), relacional (planos anterolateral y posterolateral) o mixto considerando tanto las extremidades superiores como las inferiores. Los resultados mostraron que las mujeres, de entre 19 y 41 años de edad, tenían un índice de masa corporal entre 21,4 y 43,8 kg/m2. La puntuación de la EPDS osciló entre 10 y 26 puntos. El 52% de las mujeres declararon sentir dolor, pero la puntuación en la escala de dolor fue similar en los tres grupos de patrones posturales (p=0,77) y no hubo correlación con la puntuación de la EPDS (p=0,88). Los patrones posturales presentados fueron mixto (45%), relacional (38%) y axial (17%). La puntuación de la EPDS fue mayor en el grupo de patrón postural relacional en comparación con el axial (20,45±1,63 vs. 15,00±3,24; p=0,01). Se concluye que el patrón postural mixto fue el más frecuente entre las mujeres. El grupo con un patrón postural relacional (planos anterolateral y posterolateral) obtuvo mayores tasas en la EPDS que el axial. No hubo asociación entre el patrón postural y la puntuación en la escala de dolor ni entre el dolor y la depresión.

RESUMO - O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre o padrão postural, de acordo com o método Godelieve Denys-Struyf (GDS), a depressão pós-parto e a dor em mulheres no puerpério imediato. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 29 mulheres no período de 1 a 3 dias após o parto. A depressão foi avaliada por meio da Escala de Depressão Pós-parto de Edimburgo (EPDS) e a dor pela Escala Visual Numérica de dor (0=ausência de dor, 10=pior dor possível). O padrão postural foi categorizado de acordo com o plano do desvio da postura: axial (posturas ântero-medial, póstero-medial, ântero-posterior e póstero-anterior), relacional (posturas ântero-lateral e póstero-lateral) ou misto, considerando membros superiores e inferiores. Como resultados, as mulheres, entre 19 e 41 anos de idade, apresentaram índice de massa corporal entre 21,4 e 43,8 kg/m 2 . A pontuação na EPDS variou de 10 a 26 pontos. 52% das mulheres relataram sentir dor, porém a pontuação na escala de dor foi similar nos três grupos de padrão postural (p=0,77) e não houve correlação com a pontuação na EPDS (p=0,88). Os padrões posturais apresentados foram: misto (45%), relacional (38%) e axial (17%). A pontuação da EPDS foi maior para o grupo de padrão postural relacional, em comparação com o axial (20,45±1,63 vs 15,00±3,24; p=0,01). Como conclusão, o padrão postural misto foi o mais frequente entre as mulheres. O grupo com padrão postural relacional (posturas ântero-lateral e póstero-lateral) apresentou maior pontuação na EPDS que o axial. Não houve associação entre o padrão postural e a pontuação na escala de dor ou entre a dor e a depressão.

Correlation of the sagittal balance with postural analysis of the pelvis and lumbar spine / Correlação do equilíbrio sagital e análise postural de pelve e coluna lombar

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate and correlate the sagittal balance parameters with the postural of the pelvis and lumbar spine. Methods: 80 individuals of both sexes, aged between 20 and 35 years, were evaluated. Biophotogrammetry was done with the SAPO software program. Measurements of the sagittal balance parameters were obtained by analyzing a lateral view panoramic radiography of the vertebral column, in which the anatomical points of reference were digitally marked. The calculation of the angles was done automatically by the Keops program. Results: In Keops assessment, 17.5% of the sample had high pelvic incidence angles (> 60°), 31.5% had low pelvic incidence angles (< 45°), and 51.2% had medium pelvic incidence angles (between 46° and 59°). SAPO showed 12,5% lordosis, 40% retroversion, and 47,5% normal curvature. In the right lateral view, pelvic incidence angle had a moderate and positive correlation with vertical alignment of the trunk and with vertical alignment of the body, and a negative and moderate correlation with horizontal alignment of the pelvis. Conclusion: Differences were found between vertical alignment measurements from the postural evaluation system (SAPO). A positive correlation was found between PI from Keops and pelvic anteversion from SAPO. Level of Evidence II; Prospective Study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar e correlacionar o equilíbrio sagital com parâmetros posturais da pelve e coluna lombar Métodos: Foram avaliados 80 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 20 e 35 anos. A biofotogrametria foi realizada com o software SAPO. As medidas dos parâmetros do equilíbrio sagital foram obtidas pela análise de uma radiografia panorâmica em perfil da coluna vertebral, na qual os pontos anatômicos de referência foram marcados digitalmente. O cálculo dos ângulos foi feito automaticamente pelo programa Keops. Resultados: Na avaliação Keops, 17,5% da amostra apresentavam ângulos de incidência pélvicos altos (> 60°), 31,5% tinham ângulos de incidência pélvicos baixos (< 45°) e 51,2% apresentavam ângulos de incidência pélvicos médios (entre 46° e 59°). O SAPO apresentou 12,5% de lordose, 40% de retroversão e 47,5% de curvatura normal. Na vista lateral direita, o ângulo de incidência da pelve apresentou correlação moderada e positiva com o alinhamento vertical do tronco e com o alinhamento vertical do corpo e negativa e moderada com o alinhamento horizontal da pelve. Conclusão: Foram encontradas diferenças entre as medidas de alinhamento vertical do sistema de avaliação postural (SAPO). Uma correlação positiva foi encontrada entre IP de Keops e anteversão pélvica de SAPO. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo Prospectivo.

Orthostatic support in paraplegic and amputee patients: a controlled trial / Suporte ortostático em paraplégicos e amputados: um ensaio controlado

ABSTRACT Introduction: Functional incapacity caused by physical alterations leads to significant limitations in daily activities and has a major impact on the return of people with disabilities to the social space and the workplace. This calls for an evaluation of the long-term influence of the use of a device specially developed for orthostatic posture on the physiological, biomechanical and functional parameters of amputees and spinal cord patients. Objective: The objective was evaluate the effect of postural support device use on function, pain, and biomechanical and cardiologic parameters in spinal cord injury and amputees patients compared to a control group. Methods: The orthostatic device was used by the participants for a period of ten consecutive days, for three cycles of 50 minutes each day, and a 15-day follow-up. Participants were positioned and stabilized using adjustable straps on the shoulders, trunk, and hips. The primary outcome was brief pain inventory. Fifteen participants were included the control group, 15 in the amputee group, and 15 in the spinal cord group. Results: Our results demonstrate that the use of the device allows the orthostatic position of amputees and spinal cord patients evaluated for ten days, leading to improved functionality and pain in the spinal cord and amputee groups compared to the control group. In addition, no changes were observed for secondary outcomes, indicating that the use of the device did not cause harm interference to patients. Conclusion: The long-term use of the orthostatic device is beneficial for improving functionality, reduce pain in amputees and spinal cord injury patients. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results of treatment.

RESUMO Introdução: A incapacidade funcional causada por alterações físicas leva a limitações significativas nas atividades diárias e gera um grande impacto no retorno das pessoas com deficiência ao espaço social e ao local de trabalho, demandando a avaliação da influência em longo prazo do uso de um dispositivo especialmente desenvolvido para a postura ortostática nos parâmetros fisiológicos, biomecânicos e funcionais de pacientes amputados e com medula espinhal. Objetivo: O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do uso do dispositivo de suporte postural na função, dor e parâmetros biomecânicos e cardiológicos em pacientes com lesão medular e amputados em comparação com um grupo controle. Métodos: O aparelho ortostático foi utilizado pelos participantes por um período de dez dias consecutivos, em três ciclos de 50 minutos diários, com acompanhamento de 15 dias. Os participantes foram posicionados e estabilizados por meio de alças ajustáveis nos ombros, tronco e quadris. O desfecho primário foi o questionário Breve Inventário de Dor. Quinze participantes foram incluídos no grupo controle, 15 no grupo amputado e 15 no grupo medular. Resultados: Nossos resultados demonstram que o uso do dispositivo permite a posição ortostática de amputados e pacientes com lesão medular avaliados por dez dias, levando a melhora da funcionalidade e dor nos grupos de amputados e medula espinhal em relação ao grupo controle. Além disso, não foram observadas alterações nos resultados secundários, indicando que o uso do dispositivo não causou interferência prejudicial aos pacientes. Conclusão: O uso prolongado do dispositivo ortostático é benéfico para melhorar a funcionalidade, reduzir a dor em amputados e pacientes com lesão medular. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados de tratamento.

Smartphone addiction and postural alterations in the cervical region in adolescents / Dependência do smartphone e alteração postural da região cervical de adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate smartphone addiction and postural alterations in the cervical region in adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 281 adolescents (15 to 19 years old), attending the 1st to the 3rd grades of High School, carried out between September and October 2019 in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Data collection took place in two stages. In the first, they answered four self-administered questionnaires: sociodemographic questionnaire, health conditions and smartphone use, Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptom Questionnaire (NMQ), Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-BR). In the second stage, they were submitted to photogrammetry using the Postural Assessment Software (SAPO) and anthropometric assessment (weight and height). The software SPSS Statistics version 23.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total number of adolescents, 63.3% (n=178) showed smartphone addiction, using it for 5.8 hours (±3.5) during the week and 8.7 (±4.0) hours on the weekend. When analyzing postural alignment in the anterior view, a significant reduction in the lateral head tilt was observed when typing on the smartphone (p=0.002) compared to the anatomical position (baseline). In the lateral view, an increase in head anteriorization was observed during smartphone use (p<0.05). There was an association between smartphone addiction and head anteriorization (p<0.05). Conclusions: The use of the smartphone in the typing position causes postural alterations in the cervical region, especially in adolescents with smartphone addiction. Therefore, health promotion measures that alert adolescents to the adverse effects caused by prolonged smartphone use are necessary.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a dependência do smartphone e a alteração postural da região cervical em adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com 281 adolescentes (15 a 19 anos), que frequentavam da 1ᵃ à 3ᵃ série do ensino médio, realizado entre setembro e outubro de 2019 na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. A coleta dos dados ocorreu em duas etapas. Na primeira, eles responderam a quatro questionários autoaplicáveis: questionário sociodemográfico, condições de saúde e uso do smartphon e, Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Musculoesqueléticos (NMQ), Self-Report Questi onnaire (SRQ-20) e o Smartphone A ddiction Inventory (SPAI-BR). Na segunda etapa, foram submetidos a fotogrametria pelo Software de Avaliação Postural (SAPO) e avaliação antropométrica (peso e altura). Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o SPSS Statistics versão 23.0. Resultados: Do total, 63,3% (n=178) dos adolescentes apresentaram dependência do smartphone, com o uso de 5,8 horas (±3,5) durante a semana e 8,7 (±4,0) no fim de semana. Ao analisar o alinhamento postural na visão anterior, observou-se redução significativa da inclinação lateral de cabeça ao digitar no smartphon e (p=0,002) comparado à posição anatômica (baseline). Na visão lateral foi constatado aumento da anteriorização de cabeça durante o uso do smartphon e (p<0,05). Houve associação da dependência do smartphone com a anteriorização de cabeça (p<0,05). Conclusões: O uso do smartphone na posição de digitação causa alteração postural na região cervical, destacadamente naqueles que apresentam dependência do dispositivo. Dessa forma, são necessárias medidas de promoção de saúde que alertem os adolescentes sobre os efeitos adversos causados pelo uso prolongado do smartphone.

Perfil postural en jugadores élite de polo acuático

La postura corporal es el resultado de la compleja interacción del sistema músculo-esquelético y nervioso que permite al cuerpo mantenerse en una posición adecuada, con un balance ergonómico y un gasto de energía mínimo. Las exigencias técnicas y el perfil morfofuncional del polista se complementan como factores internos predisponentes a lesiones por sobreuso. El objetivo del estudio consistió en analizar el perfil postural en jugadores élite de polo acuático. Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal. Los métodos científicos seleccionados estuvieron en el nivel teórico, empírico y estadístico-matemático. Se evaluaron 18 polistas masculinos, de élite, de 18 a 33 años de edad. En el plano frontal, el perfil predominante fue cabeza centrada (13; 72,2 %), con hombro izquierdo más alto (14; 77,8 %), espina iliaca anterosuperior homolateral más alta (10; 55,6 %), triángulo torácico derecho más grande que el izquierdo (10; 55,6%) y ambas rodillas con correcta alineación frontal (10; 55,6 %). En el plano sagital la cabeza se observó adelantada (18; 100 %), pelvis neutra (14; 77,78 %), ambas rodillas en recurvatum (10; 55,6 %) e inclinación corporal anterior (18; 100 %) con un rango de angulación de 2-6 grados. En el plano frontal posterior la cabeza se encontró neutra (14; 77,78 %) con inclinación corporal izquierda (12; 66,67 %). La evaluación del perfil de postura en polistas es útil para diagnosticar desalineaciones en los segmentos corporales, al generar una herramienta en el control biomédico del entrenamiento deportivo.

A postura corporal é resultado da complexa interação do sistema musculoesquelético e nervoso que permite ao corpo permanecer em uma posição adequada, com equilíbrio ergonômico e mínimo gasto energético. As exigências técnicas e o perfil morfofuncional do jogador de pólo complementam-se como fatores internos predisponentes a lesões por uso excessivo. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o perfil postural em jogadores de elite de pólo aquático. Foi desenhado um estudo descritivo, prospectivo e transversal. Os métodos científicos selecionados foram de nível teórico, empírico e estatístico-matemático. Foram avaliados 18 jogadores de pólo de elite do sexo masculino, com idades entre 18 e 33 anos. No plano frontal, o perfil predominante foi cabeça centrada (13; 72,2%), com ombro esquerdo mais alto (14; 77,8%), espinha ilíaca ântero-superior ipsilateral mais alta (10; 55,6%), triângulo torácico direito maior que o esquerdo ( 10; 55,6%) e ambos os joelhos com alinhamento frontal correto (10; 55,6%). No plano sagital observou-se cabeça para frente (18; 100%), pelve neutra (14; 77,78%), ambos os joelhos em recurvatum (10; 55,6%) e inclinação anterior do corpo (18; 100%) com amplitude de angulação de 2-6 graus. No plano frontal posterior a cabeça estava neutra (14; 77,78 %) com inclinação do corpo para a esquerda (12; 66,67 %). A avaliação do perfil postural em jogadores de pólo é útil para diagnosticar desalinhamentos em segmentos corporais, gerando uma ferramenta no controle biomédico do treinamento esportivo.

Body posture is the result of the complex interaction of the musculoskeletal and nervous system that allows the body to remain in an adequate position, with ergonomic balance and minimal energy expenditure. The technical demands and the morphofunctional profile of the polo player complement each other as internal factors predisposing to injuries due to overuse. The objective of the study was to analyze the postural profile in elite water polo players. A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was designed. The selected scientific methods were at the theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical level. 18 elite male polo players, aged 18 to 33, were evaluated. In the frontal plane, the predominant profile was centered head (13; 72.2 %), with higher left shoulder (14; 77.8 %), higher ipsilateral anterior superior iliac spine (10; 55.6 %), triangle right thoracic larger than the left (10; 55.6 %) and both knees with correct frontal alignment (10; 55.6 %). In the sagittal plane, the head was observed forward (18; 100 %), neutral pelvis (14; 77.78 %), both knees in recurvatum (10; 55.6 %) and anterior body inclination (18; 100 %) with an angulation range of 2-6 degrees. In the posterior frontal plane, the head was neutral (14; 77.78 %) with left body inclination (12; 66.67 %). The evaluation of the posture profile in polo players is useful to diagnose misalignments in body segments, generating a tool in the biomedical control of sports training.

Questionário de autopercepção corporal de professores durante atividades escolares (P&Hscreen): desenvolvimento, validação e confiabilidade / Questionnaire on teachers' physical self-perception during school activities (P&Hscreen): development, validation, and reliability

Construir e validar um questionário para avaliar a autopercepção de professores sobre sua postura e a percepção dos hábitos posturais dos alunos em diferentes situações no ambiente escolar. Foram realizadas 7 etapas para a construção do questionário. A estratégia de validação de conteúdo foi julgada por um painel de especialistas e pelo Índice de Validade (VI). A confiabilidade teste-reteste foi realizada com professores e medida pelo Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC) e Coeficiente Kappa (KC). 11 especialistas com doutorado, experiência em educação e na área de postura participaram da validação de conteúdo e 40 professores participaram da confiabilidade teste-reteste. As medidas de VI foram todas acima de 0,81, e a média geral de ICC e KC foi de 0,94 e 0,91, respectivamente. Este questionário foi considerado válido, confiável e viável com linguagem compreensível para os professores. Pode ser recomendado para pesquisas em escolas e programas de educação postural, contribuindo para a prevenção de hábitos posturais inadequados e suas consequências.

To construct and validate a questionnaire for assessing teachers' self-perception of their posture, and their perception of students' posture habits in different situations in the school environment. 7-step were performed for the construction of the questionnaire. The content validation strategy was judged by a panel of experts and the Validity Index (VI). Test-retest reliability was performed with teachers and measured by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Kappa Coefficient (KC). Eleven experts with a doctorate, experience in education, and the field of posture participated in content validation and 40 teachers participated in test-retest reliability. VI measurements were all above 0.81, and the overall mean of ICC and KC were 0.94 and 0.91, respectively. This questionnaire was considered valid, reliable, and feasible with language understandable to teachers. It can be recommended for research in schools, and posture education programs, contributing to the prevention of inadequate posture habits and their consequences.

Squatting Facets and Trochlear Extensions of Talus Bone in Indian Population

Introduction:The talus is a tarsal bone articulated with the tibia, fibula, navicular, and calcaneus bones to form supratalar, pretalar, and subtalar joints, respectively. A squatting facet is a kind of anomaly that forms on the surfaces where the tibia and talus articulate. The squatting facet states the daily activities and living style of society. Squatting is described as the hyperflexion of the hip and the knee and the movement of hyperdorsiflexion between the leg and the ankle. Materials and Methods: In the present cross‑sectional study, 600 dry adult human tali were taken from the osteology laboratory in the Department of Anatomy, King George’s Medical University, UP, Lucknow. Each talus was examined for the presence of various patterns of articular facets on the neck of the talus and extensions of its trochlear surface. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, as reference code: 121 ECMIIA/P3. Results: In our study, we observed that the lateral, medial, and combined squatting faces are 282 (47.64%), 49 (8.28%), and 22 (3.72%), respectively. Lateral, medial, and continuous trochlear extensions are 126 (21.12%), 120 (20.58%), and 31 (5.36%), respectively, in the Indian population. Conclusion: Modifications of the neck of the talus (squatting facets and trochlear extensions) are the result of prolonged squatting positions, which is a common habit of the Indian population, and incidences of these variations can be used as an anthropological marker for racial and regional differentiation of unidentified bones.

Evaluation of Head and Cervical Spine Posture after Therapy with Maxillary Protraction Appliances / Evaluación de la Postura de la Cabeza y la Columna Cervical Después de la Terapia con Aparatos de Protracción Maxilar

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of head and cervical spine posture of skeletal class malocclusion in adolescent with maxillary protraction. Thirty cases of skeletal class malocclusion were randomly selected from the Stomatological Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. High-quality lateral cephalograms were collected including pre- and posttreatment to compare the changes of head and cervical spine posture. Data were processed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. The paired-t test was used to compare pre- and posttreatment mean angular measurements.A significant difference in the SNA(p<0.001), SNB(p<0.01), and ANB(p<0.001) between T1 and T2 showed an improvement in the sagittal relationships. A significant change was observed in middle cervical spine posture, while upper cervical spine posture variables showed no significant difference after treatment. Skeletal class with maxillary protraction appliance not only led to the improvement of sagittal relationship, but also changed the middle cervical spine posture.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios en la postura de la cabeza y la columna cervical debido a la maloclusión clase esquelética en adolescentes con protracción maxilar. Treinta casos de maloclusión de clase esquelética fueron seleccionados al azar del Hospital Estomatológico de la Universidad Médica de Shanxi. Se recogieron cefalogramas laterales de alta calidad, incluidos el tratamiento previo y posterior, para comparar los cambios en la postura de la cabeza y la columna cervical. Los datos se procesaron con el software estadístico SPSS 26.0. Se utilizó la prueba t pareada para comparar las medidas angulares medias antes y después del tratamiento. Una diferencia significativa en SNA (p <0,001), SNB (p <0,01) y ANB (p <0,001) entre T1 y T2 mostró una mejora en las relaciones sagitales. Se observó un cambio significativo en la postura de la columna cervical media, mientras que las variables de postura de la columna cervical superior no mostraron diferencias significativas después del tratamiento. La clase esquelética con aparato de protracción maxilar no solo condujo a la mejora de la relación sagital, sino que también cambió la postura de la columna cervical media.

Postural education program for socially vulnerable adolescents protected by institutional care: case series / Programa de educação postural para adolescentes socialmente vulneráveis protegidos por cuidados institucionais

Introduction: Institutionalized young people may exhibit impaired development due to lack of support, correct guidance regarding their physiological changes, and knowledge about postural changes. Methods: This is a longitudinal observational case series study. Adolescents residing in shelters who could understand the entire protocol were invited to participate in the study. Ten meetings were held, once a week, with 8 theoretical-practical interventions and 2 pre and post-PEP evaluations. The evaluations were: static posture, dynamic balance, handgrip strength, self-esteem, quality of life, and a theoretical questionnaire on general knowledge. Results: From 18 adolescents, 11 (7 boys and 4 girls), with an average age of 14.8 (±1.3) years concluded the study. After the PEP intervention, a significant improvement was found in the knee angles (3.56º vs. 2.28º) and hip (-12.03º vs. -4.18º) in its plane lateral. The scores of the theoretical questionnaire were 4.75 vs. 11.63 and the handgrip strength was 22.91 vs. 28.54 kgf and 21.55 vs. 26.82 kgf for the right and left limbs. In the quality of life and self-esteem questionnaires, no statistically significant differences were obtained. Conclusion: PEP imparts benefits to socially vulnerable adolescents for postural angles, handgrip strength and theoretical knowledge. Self-esteem and quality of life did not change, probably due to their high vulnerability.

Introdução: Jovens institucionalizados podem apresentar comprometimento do desenvolvimento por falta de apoio, orientação correta quanto às suas alterações fisiológicas e conhecimento sobre alterações posturais. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional longitudinal de série de casos. Foram convidados a participar do estudo adolescentes residentes em abrigos que conseguissem compreender todo o protocolo. Foram realizados dez encontros, uma vez por semana, com 8 intervenções teórico-práticas e 2 avaliações pré e pós-PEP. (programa de educação postural). As avaliações foram: postura estática, equilíbrio dinâmico, força de preensão manual, autoestima, qualidade de vida e questionário teórico de conhecimentos gerais. Resultados: Dos 18 adolescentes, 11 (7 meninos e 4 meninas), com idade média de 14,8 (±1,3) anos, concluíram o estudo. Após a intervenção PEP, foi encontrada melhora significativa nos ângulos do joelho (3,56º vs. 2,28º) e quadril (-12,03º vs. -4,18º) no seu plano lateral. As pontuações do questionário teórico foram 4,75 vs. 11,63 e a força de preensão manual foi 22,91 vs. 28,54 kgf e 21,55 vs. 26,82 kgf para os membros direito e esquerdo. Nos questionários de qualidade de vida e autoestima não foram obtidas diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Conclusão: A PEP traz benefícios aos adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social quanto aos ângulos posturais, força de preensão manual e conhecimento teórico. A autoestima e a qualidade de vida não se alteraram, provavelmente devido à sua elevada vulnerabilidade.

Influencia del pie como receptor en la postura corporal, la simetría facial y cráneo-mandibular / The influence of foot as a receptor on body posture and on facial, mandibular and cranial symmetries

Introducción: Un apoyo plantar incorrecto puede considerarse un factor etiológico de asimetrías faciales y cráneo-mandibulares pues modifica, de forma instantánea, la relación entre el maxilar y la mandíbula. Por tanto, resulta vital identificar la etiología de estas asimetrías para establecer diagnósticos y tratamientos certeros. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia del apoyo plantar en la postura corporal, la simetría facial y cráneo-mandibular en adolescentes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de enero a septiembre de 2019 con 180 adolescentes que asistieron al servicio de Ortodoncia de la Clínica Docente de Especialidades «Victoria de Santa Clara», los cuales cumplían con criterios de selección de la investigación. Se analizaron variables faciales, posturales y cefalométricas. Se determinó: la simetría facial mediante el análisis de líneas faciales, el apoyo plantar al calcular el índice cavitario, la postura corporal, según la prueba de Di Rocca, y la simetría mandibular con el método modificado de Kurt y Uysal. Se siguieron las normas éticas y fueron aplicadas la prueba de Fisher, la de McNemar, y la técnica de conglomerado. Resultados: Predominaron los adolescentes con apoyo plantar asimétrico y los pies varo. Del total de casos con asimetría facial, 72,53 % presentó apoyo plantar asimétrico, y 39,44 % planos biilíaco y biclavicular desequilibrados y divergentes. La asimetría mandibular se observó en el 56,11%, la mayoría con apoyo plantar asimétrico. Conclusiones: Se pudo constatar la influencia del apoyo plantar en la postura corporal, la simetría facial y cráneo-mandibular, pues se observó un alto grado de relación entre las variables estudiadas.

Introduction: an incorrect plantar support can be considered an etiological factor of facial, mandibular and cranial asymmetries since it instantly modifies the relationship between the maxilla and mandible. Therefore, it is vital to identify the etiology of these asymmetries to establish accurate diagnoses and treatments. Objective: to determine the influence of plantar support on body posture and on facial, mandibular and cranial symmetries in adolescents. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out from January to September 2019 with 180 adolescents who were seen in the Orthodontics service at "Victoria de Santa Clara" Specialty Teaching Dental Clinic, who met the research selection criteria. Facial, postural and cephalometric variables were analyzed. Facial symmetry was determined through the analysis of facial lines, plantar support by means of cavity index, body posture according to the Di Rocca test, and mandibular symmetry with the modified method of Kurt and Uysal. Ethical standards were followed and Fisher's and McNemar's tests as well as clustering technique were applied. Results: adolescents with asymmetric plantar support and varus feet predominated. The 72.53% had asymmetric plantar support from the total cases with facial asymmetry, and 39.44% had unbalanced and divergent biiliac and biclavicular planes. Mandibular asymmetry was observed in 56.11%, mostly with asymmetric plantar support. Conclusions: the influence of plantar support on body posture and on facial, mandibular and cranial symmetries was posible to verify since a high degree of relationship was observed among the variables studied.

Impact of different kinds of helmet-mounted display on human balance and posture control / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of different types of virtual reality environments balance exercise on human balance and posture control. MethodsFrom March to April, 2022, 30 male students from Dalian University of Technology were recruited to accept VR balance training of dynamic background (dynamic VR training) and static background (static VR training), respectively, with an interval of one week. They were measured the average moving speed of the center of pressure of human body under eight conditions before and after training, namely open-eye floor standing, close-eye floor standing, static VR background floor standing, dynamic VR background floor standing, open-eye sponge pad standing, close-eye sponge pad standing, static VR background sponge pad standing, and dynamic VR background sponge pad standing. Meanwhile, the weight of human body sensation was calculated. ResultsBefore training, the average movement speed of center of pressure was higher under the static VR than under open-eye (|t| > 2.811, P < 0.01), and lower than under close-eye (t > 3.279, P < 0.01) on both planes; while it was higher under dynamic VR than under close-eye (|t| > 4.830, P < 0.001). After dynamic VR training, the average movement speed of center of pressure increased under open-eye stable floor standing (t = 2.305, P < 0.05), decreased under close-eye on both planes (t > 3.405, P < 0.01), and decreased under static and dynamic VR on both planes (|t| > 3.285, P < 0.01). After static VR training, the average movement speed of center of pressure increased under open-eye floor standing (t = 2.224, P < 0.05), decreased under close-eye sponge pad standing (t = 2.223, P < 0.05), and decreased under dynamic VR on both planes (|t| > 2.380, P < 0.05). The weight of vision decreased after training (t > 4.132, P < 0.001), and the visual weight under normal proprioception was less after dynamic VR training than after static VR training (t = 3.611, P < 0.01). ConclusionUnder static VR background, the balance stability is poorer than under open-eye, but stronger than under close-eye. Under dynamic VR background, the balance stability is poorer under close-eye. VR balance training may decrease the stability without interference, but improve the stability under interference, which may result from reducing the dependence on visual sensation and strengthening the use of vestibular sensation, especially after VR training with dynamic background.

Effect of therapeutic postural placement on postural control and balance in stroke patients with hemiplegia / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of therapeutic postural placement on postural control and balance in stroke patients with hemiplegia. MethodsFrom January, 2020 to June, 2022, 60 stroke patients in Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM•Hebei were randomly divided into control group (n = 30) and observation group (n = 30). Both groups accepted routine rehabilitation, while the observation group accepted therapeutic postural placement based on the concept of Bobath additionally. Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremity (FMA-LE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patient (PASS) and Pro-kin balance instrument were used to evaluate the postural control and balance function before and four weeks after treatment, while the area of ellipse and length of motion with eyes open and closed were recorded, respectively. ResultsAfter treatment, the scores of FMA-LE, PASS and BBS significantly increased (|t| > 3.856, P < 0.001), and the area of ellipse and length of motion with eyes open and closed decreased in both groups (|t| > 4.083, P < 0.001); all the indexes were better in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 2.261, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe therapeutic postural placement could effectively improve the postural control ability and balance function in stroke patients.

Development of a nature posture treatment suspension therapy based on ICF-CY / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo develop a rehabilitation program of nature posture treatment (NPT) suspension therapy based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth version (ICF-CY) framework, and apply it to neurodevelopmental disorders. MethodsThe ICF-CY theoretical group (group A) and NPT suspension therapy group (group B) were established. Group A searched literature from common databases, to extract high-frequency words related to suspension therapy and match with categories of ICF-CY, to develop ICF-CY theoretical framework of the NPT suspension therapy. Group B developed specific rehabilitation procedures and training items based on the framework to compose the training pool. A total of 110 children aged less than six years with neurodevelopmental disorders and associated motor impairments were selected from outpatient or inpatient of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, between October, 2019 and October, 2022. They were randomly divided into control group (n = 55) and clinical group (n = 55), who received routine neurodevelopmental therapy and NPT suspension therapy program based on ICF-CY, respectively, for a week. The incidence of satisfaction, acceptance and adverse events were observed. ResultsTwo cases in the control group and four cases in the clinical group dropped down. For the clinical group, the incidence of satisfaction was 98% (50/51), with acceptance of 96% (49/51), and one adverse event occurred. For the control group, the incidence of both the satisfaction and acceptance was 100%, and no adverse event occurred. There was no significant difference in the incidence of satisfaction, acceptance and the adverse event (P > 0.05). ConclusionThe NPT suspension therapy program based on the ICF-CY framework is safe and acceptable for children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Factors Associated with Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders Risk among Bamboo Craftsman in Mojorejo Village, Ponorogo Indonesia

@#Introduction: Work-related Musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) becomes the one of most-occupational problem and highly related to the individual and work factors. Eighty percent (80%) workers in the woven bamboo industry in Mojorejo Village dominated by middle aged workers (>40 years) that most of their producing activities are manually handled, without using machine or modern technology. Incompatibility work station, long working hours and repeated movement aggravated the WMSDs risk. This study aims to describe the WMSDs risk and determine its factors based on individual characteristics. Methods: There are 58 workers as respondents in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected and analyzed using quantitative method. Posture Exposure (PE) were measured using the QEC instrument. While the WMSDs risk were measured using PLIBEL. Individual factors (PE, Age, Working Period) related to WMSDs were analyzed using Multinomial Logistic Regression (95% CI). The Chi-square test were also used to compare PE rates among WMSDs risk levels. Results: Most respondents (48.3%) with 51-70% PE rate have a high level of WMSDs risk. While 27 % respondents with PE rate >70% have a very high level. The neck is the region most exposed to the WMSDs (score 15.5/very high level risk). PE rate is the only factor that significantly related to WMSDs risk (sig. = 0.043; Rsquare = 0.529; r =0.703). While the age and working period has no significant correlation (Sig = 0.859 and 0.851 respectively). Conclusion: Based on the result, immediate improvement required to be implemented. It is suggested to redesigned work stations adjusted to the workers posture and position.

Development of Human Vital Signs and Body Posture Monitoring and Positioning Alarm Systems / 中国医疗器械杂志

In view of the high incidence of malignant diseases such as malignant arrhythmias in the elderly population, accidental injuries such as falls, and the problem of no witnesses when danger occurs, the study developed a human vital signs and body posture monitoring and positioning alarm system. Through the collection and analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration (RESP) and acceleration (ACC) signals, the system monitors human vital signs and body posture in real time, automatically judges critical states such as malignant arrhythmias and accidental falls on the local device side, and then issues alarm information, opens the positioning function, and uploads physiological information and patient location information through 4G communication. Experiments have shown that the system can accurately determine the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation and falls, and issue position and alarm information.

Low back pain and joint position changes in cyclists: a cross-sectional study / Dolor lumbar y cambios en la posición de las articulaciones en ciclistas: un estudio transversal / Dor lombar e alterações do posicionamento articular em ciclistas: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Introduction: Low back pain is one of the most common complaints among cyclists. The disharmony of the cyclist-bike combination may be a predisposing factor. Bike Fit is a technique that aims to adjust the bike to the individual characteristics of the cyclist. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the cyclist's position on the bicycle and the occurrence of complaints of low back pain. Methods: Data obtained during Bike Fit from 62 amateur cyclists were used in the study. Cyclists were filmed during the act of pedaling on a stationary roller and image analysis was performed using Kinovea® software. Data related to complaints of low back pain and positioning on the bicycle were used in the Chi-Square test and binary logistic regression. Results: The mean age was 38.06 ± 8.82 years, 87.7% of the sample was composed of men and low back pain was found in 40.3% (25/62) of the participants. Univariate analysis showed a positive correlation between low back pain and the following variables: ankle dorsiflexion angle (X2=6.947, p=0.014) and upper limb reach (X2=5.247; p=0.032). Binary logistic regression showed a positive association between reaching with the upper limbs and low back pain (r=2.728; p=0.002) and a negative association between knee advancement and low back pain (r= -2.281; p=0.007). Conclusion: Cyclists with low back pain present changes in their position on the bicycle, which reinforces the importance of evaluating the cyclist/bike combination. However, it is not possible to state whether the positional changes observed in the study sample are causes or consequences of low back pain. Level of evidence: Level III; Cross-sectional observational study.

RESUMEN Introducción: El dolor lumbar es una de las quejas más frecuentes en los practicantes de ciclismo. Puede tener como factor predisponente la falta de armonía del conjunto ciclista-bicicleta. Bike Fit es una técnica que tiene como objetivo ajustar la bicicleta a las características individuales del ciclista. Objetivos: Investigar la relación entre la posición del ciclista en la bicicleta y la aparición de quejas de lumbalgia. Métodos: En el estudio se utilizaron datos obtenidos durante el Bike Fit de 62 ciclistas aficionados. Los ciclistas fueron filmados durante el acto de pedalear sobre un rodillo estacionario y el análisis de las imágenes se realizó utilizando el software Kinovea®. Los datos relacionados con las quejas de dolor lumbar y la posición en la bicicleta se utilizaron en la prueba de Chi-Cuadrado y regresión logística binaria. Resultados: La edad media fue de 38,06 ± 8.82 años, el 87,7% de la muestra estuvo compuesta por hombres y se constató dolor lumbar en el 40,3% (25/62) de los participantes. El análisis univariado mostró una correlación positiva entre el dolor lumbar y las siguientes variables: ángulo de dorsiflexión del tobillo (X2 = 6,947, p = 0,014) y alcance de las extremidades superiores (X2 = 5,247; p = 0,032). La regresión logística binaria mostró una asociación positiva entre el alcance de las extremidades superiores y el dolor lumbar (r = 2,728; p = 0,002) y una asociación negativa para el avance de la rodilla y el dolor lumbar (r = -2,281; p = 0,007). Conclusiones: Los ciclistas con dolor lumbar presentan cambios en su posición sobre la bicicleta, lo que refuerza la importancia de la evaluación del conjunto ciclista-bicicleta. Sin embargo, no es posible afirmar si los cambios posicionales observados en la muestra estudiada son causas o consecuencias del dolor lumbar. Nivel de evidencia: Nivel III; Estudio observacional transversal.

RESUMO Introdução: A dor lombar é uma das queixas mais comuns nos praticantes de ciclismo. Pode ter como fator predisponente a desarmonia do conjunto ciclista-bicicleta. O Bike Fit é uma técnica que visa ajustar a bicicleta às características individuais do ciclista. Objetivos: Investigar a relação entre o posicionamento do ciclista na bicicleta e a ocorrência de queixas de dor lombar. Métodos: Os dados obtidos durante o Bike Fit de 62 ciclistas amadores foram utilizados no estudo. Os ciclistas foram filmados durante a pedalada em um rolo estacionário e a análise das imagens foi realizada pelo software Kinovea®. Os dados relacionados com a queixa de dor lombar e ao posicionamento na bicicleta foram utilizados no teste do Qui-quadrado e de regressão logística binária. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 38,06 ± 8,82 anos, 87,7% da amostra foi composta por homens e a dor lombar foi constatada em 40,3% (25/62) dos participantes. A análise univariada mostrou correlação positiva entre a dor lombar e as seguintes variáveis: ângulo de dorsiflexão do tornozelo (X2 = 6,947, p = 0,014) e alcance dos membros superiores (X2 = 5,247; p = 0,032). A regressão logística binária mostrou uma associação positiva entre alcance dos membros superiores e dor lombar (r = 2,728; p = 0,002) e associação negativa para avanço dos joelhos e dor lombar (r = -2,281; p = 0,007). Conclusão: Os ciclistas com dor lombar apresentam alterações de posicionamento na bicicleta, o que reforça a importância da avaliação do conjunto ciclista-bicicleta. Entretanto, não é possível afirmar se as alterações de posicionamento observadas na amostra estudada são causas ou consequências da dor lombar. Nível de evidência: Nível III; Estudo observacional transversal.

Validity of a protocol for remote static posture assessment (ARPE) / Validação do protocolo de Avaliação Remota da Postura Estática (ARPE)

Abstract Introduction Remote postural assessment, necessary during the pandemic, required strategies to replace its in-person counterpart. Objective Analyze the content validity of a protocol for Remote Static Posture Assessment (ARPE) that includes three items, postural checklist, rater's manual and ratee's manual. Methods Six experts in postural assessment were invited to validate the content of the three items of the ARPE protocol and 10 laypersons evaluated the ratee's Manual. The validity questionnaire encompassed the protocol in general and each individual item, containing an area for suggestions from experts and laypersons. The responses of these raters were used to calculate the Content Validity Indexes (CVI). Results Two rounds of evaluations were carried out with the experts and one with the laypersons. In the first round with the experts, the CVI ranged from 98.6 to 83%. Three aspects (description of head positioning, description of scapula and waist positioning in the frontal plane) required adjustments. In the first round with the laypersons and second round with the experts, the CVI was 100%. Conclusion The 100% agreement between experts and laypersons regarding the content of the ARPE protocol confirms its content validity.

Resumo Introdução A avaliação da postura por atendimento remoto, necessária durante o cenário pandêmico, exigiu estratégias para substituir a avaliação postural presencial. Objetivo Realizar a validação de conteúdo de um protocolo de Avaliação Remota da Postura Estática (ARPE) que contempla três itens: checklist postural, manual do avaliador e manual do avaliado. Métodos Seis especialistas em avaliação postural foram convi-dados para a validação de conteúdo dos três itens do protocolo ARPE e 10 leigos avaliaram o manual do avaliado. O questionário de validação englobava o protocolo em geral e cada item isolado, contendo espaço para sugestões dos especialistas e leigos. As respostas desses avaliadores foram utilizadas no cálculo dos índices de validade de conteúdo (IVCs). Resultados Foram realizadas duas rodadas de avaliações com especialistas e uma com leigos. Na primeira rodada com os especialistas, os IVCs variaram de 98,6 a 83%.Três aspectos (descrição do posicionamento da cabeça, do posicionamento das escápulas e da "cintura" no plano frontal de costas) necessitaram de ajustes. Na primeira rodada com os leigos, os IVCs foram de 100%. Na segunda rodada com os especialistas, os IVCs foram de 100%. Conclusão A concordância de 100% entre os especialistas e leigos sobre o conteúdo do protocolo ARPE confirma sua validade de conteúdo.

University professors' quality of life and posture during the COVID-19 pandemic / Qualidade de vida e postura de professores universitários durante a pandemia de COVID-19

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic led to adaptations in educational settings, such as replacing in-person with online classes. Hence, teachers increased their screen time, posing a greater risk to their mental health, quality of life, and body posture. Objective To assess and correlate the quality of life and body posture of higher education faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This exploratory research initially contacted participants via digital invitations during the pandemic. Volunteers answered an online questionnaire with data on eligibility criteria and were later assessed regarding their quality of life (SF-36) and postural biomechanics (SAPO software). The variables in question were correlated regarding sex and age ranges with Spearman's correlation, setting the significance level at 5%. Results The sample had 21 professors of both sexes, aged 26 to 62 years (mean age of 38.47 years; SD = 8.53). The females' mean age was 40.27 years (SD = 8.47) and that of males was 33.83 years (SD = 7.38). Males had a greater correlation between cervical spine issues and mental and physical domains, while females had body posture changes and a moderate correlation mainly with physical quality-of-life domains. Conclusion There was a correlation between body posture and quality of life in higher education faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Resumo Introdução A pandemia de COVID-19 gerou adaptações nos ambientes pedagógicos, como alteração das aulas presenciais para online. Em consequência, estar em maior tempo frente às telas aumentou o risco à saúde mental, qualidade de vida e postura corporal dos professores. Objetivo Avaliar e correlacionar a qualidade de vida e a postura corporal de professores do ensino superior durante o período de pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Pesquisa exploratória na qual foi realizado contato inicial por meio de convites digitais durante a pandemia. Os voluntários responderam a um questionário online com dados sobre critérios de elegibilidade e posteriormente foram avaliados quanto à qualidade de vida (SF-36) e biomecânica postural (software SAPO). Foram correlacionadas as variáveis em questão quanto ao sexo e faixa etária, através da correlação de Spearman, sendo considerado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados A amostra ficou constituída de 21 professores do ensino superior, de ambos os sexos e faixa etária entre 26 e 62 anos (média de idade de 38,47 anos e DP = 8,53). Entre as mulheres, a média de idade foi de 40,27 anos (DP = 8,47) e entre os homens foi de 33,83 anos (DP = 7,38). O sexo masculino apresentou maior correlação relacionada às questões de coluna cervical com domínios mentais e físicos, enquanto o feminino demonstrou alteração na postura corporal e correlação moderada principalmente com os domínios físicos da qualidade de vida. Conclusão Houve correlação entre postura corporal e qualidade de vida de professores do ensino superior durante a pandemia de COVID-19.

Prevalence of postural changes in school children and adolescents / Prevalência de alterações posturais em crianças e adolescentes escolares

ABSTRACT Objective Investigate the prevalence of postural changes and correlate them with body weight and the weight of schoolchildren's backpacks in a school in the city of São João del-Rei-MG. Material and Methods The study is an original type, with a cross-sectional design, where 109 schoolchildren of both sexes and mean age of 13 years were evaluated. The New York scale was used for posture analysis, measuring body weight, height, backpack weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI). The ANOVA statistical test and Pearson's correlation test were used, considering a significance level of 0.05. Results According to the results, the general average of the scores of postural problems was 68.7 points, with a predominance in the head, spine, hips, trunk, and abdomen. The regions of shoulder, feet, and neck presented mean scores below seven. The mean height was 1.61 m, body weight 56.03 kg, backpack weight 4.49 kg and BMI was 21.51 kg/m. Conclusion Postural alterations are highly prevalent among the evaluated students. The most affected body segments are the head, spine, hips, trunk, and abdomen. However, this finding was not related to the weight of the backpacks or the students' body weight. However, different parameters must be used to analyze the factors that may be related to such findings, such as ergonomic changes, inadequate habits, growth spurt, among others. Evidence Level III,Cross-sectional Observational Study.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a prevalência de alterações posturais e correlacionar com o peso corporal e o peso das mochilas dos escolares em uma escola no município de São João del-Rei-MG. Métodos O estudo é do tipo original, com delineamento transversal onde foram avaliados 109 escolares, com média de idade de 13 anos, de ambos os sexos. A escala de Nova Iorque foi utilizada para análise de postura, medição do peso corporal, altura, peso da mochila e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Foi utilizado o teste estatístico ANOVA e o teste de correlação de Pearson, considerando o nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados De acordo com os resultados, a média geral dos escores dos problemas posturais foi de 68,7 pontos, com predomínio na região da cabeça, coluna, nos quadris, no tronco, e no abdômen. As regiões dos ombros, pés e pescoço apresentaram médias de escores menores que 7. A média da altura foi de 1,61m, do peso corporal de 56,03kg, do peso das mochilas de 4,49 kg e 21,51 kg/m do IMC. Conclusão Conclui-se que existe uma alta prevalência de alterações posturais entre os escolares avaliados. Sendo que, os segmentos corporais mais comprometidos são, a cabeça, a coluna vertebral, os quadris, o tronco e o abdômen. No entanto, esse achado não foi relacionado ao peso das mochilas ou ao peso corporal dos escolares. Assim, diferentes parâmetros devem ser utilizados para analisar os fatores que podem estar relacionados a tais achados, como alterações ergonômicas, hábitos inadequados, estirão de crescimento, entre outros. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo Transversal Observacional.