Determining Sex from Thai Radius: Discriminant Function Analysis Including the Dry Bone Weight as an Effective Variant / Determinación del Sexo a Partir del Radio Tailandés: Análisis de Función Discriminante que Incluye el Peso del Hueso Seco como Variante Eficaz

SUMMARY: In forensic anthropology, the radius bone has been shown to determine the sex of human remains in a number of different populations. The dry mass and growth of long bones, including the radius, are associated with sex hormone levels; however, the use of bone weight to determine sex has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to apply bone morphometric parameters, including maximum length of radius (MLR), circumference at the midshaft of radius (CMR), and weight of radius (WR), to 400 sample radii from a Northeastern Thai population. Univariate and multivariate discriminant functions of all parameters were systemically applied. Equations for calculating sex classification were also determined. Descriptive data analysis showed significant sexual dimorphism in all variables (p < 0.05). The canonical correlation was highest in CMR (0.772) and the ratio of weight to length (0.747). Multivariate discriminant function analysis showed that the measured indices of the right radius were slightly greater than those of the left radius. The parameters demonstrating the highest values of the standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients were CMR (Rt. = 0.496, Lt. 0.431) and WR (Rt. = 0.681, Lt. = 0.715). Moreover, the results of the multivariable (stepwise method) indicated that the best accuracy rates for using combinations of CMR and WR were 94 % (right side) and 92 % (left side). In conclusion, the weight of the radius (rather than the length) is an effective parameter in determining sex.

En antropología forense, se ha demostrado que el hueso radio determina el sexo de los restos humanos en varias poblaciones diferentes. La masa seca y el crecimiento de los huesos largos, incluido el radio, están asociados con los niveles de hormonas sexuales; sin embargo, el uso del peso de los huesos para determinar el sexo no se ha investigado suficientemente. El objetivo de este estudio fue aplicar parámetros morfométricos óseos, incluida la longitud máxima del radio (LMR), la circunferencia en la mitad del radio (CMR) y el peso del radio (PR), a 400 radios de muestra de una población del noreste de Tailandia. Se aplicaron sistémicamente funciones discriminantes univariadas y multivariadas de todos los parámetros. También se determinaron ecuaciones para calcular la clasificación por sexo. El análisis descriptivo de los datos mostró un dimorfismo sexual significativo en todas las variables (p < 0,05). La correlación canónica fue mayor en CMR (0,772) y la relación peso-longitud (0,747). El análisis de función discriminante multivariante mostró que los índices del radio derecho eran ligeramente mayores que los del radio izquierdo. Los parámetros que demostraron los valores más altos de los coeficientes de la función discriminante canónica estandarizada fueron CMR (Rt. = 0,496, Lt. 0,431) y PR (Rt. = 0,681, Lt. = 0,715). Además, los resultados del método multivariable (método paso a paso) indicaron que las mejores tasas de precisión al usar combinaciones de CMR y PR fueron del 94 % (lado derecho) y del 92 % (lado izquierdo). En conclusión, el peso del radio (más que la longitud) es un parámetro eficaz para determinar el sexo.

Value of precision nutrition in the inflammatory control of systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies directed against endogenous antigens causing various clinical manifestations, chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Although the pathophysiology of SLE remains unknown, it is recognized that genetic, epigenetic, environmental and neuroendocrine factors are involved in the development of the disease and its complications. A notable proportion of patients with SLE also present obesity, and this dysmetabolic profile can cause renal, musculoskeletal and/or respiratory deterioration, fatigue, various pathophysiological alterations and functional deterioration. In this context, precision nutrition emerges as a promising tool in the inflammatory control of SLE, especially in patients with associated obesity. Various studies demonstrate the beneficial influence of balanced dietary patterns in macronutrients with foods rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and polyphenols on the inflammatory control of SLE and the most diverse pathologies, highlighting the Mediterranean diet and plant-based diets. Finally, the intestinal microbiota may play a relevant role in this clinical scenario, since dysbiosis is associated with inflammatory processes and immune deregulation. It is believed that precision nutrition can modulate inflammatory profiles and immune dysfunctions to ensure better quality of life and metabolic well-being of SLE patients with the support of precision omics technologies.

El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune caracterizada por la producción de autoanticuerpos dirigidos contra antígenos endógenos causando diversas manifestaciones clínicas, inflamación crónica y daño tisular. Aunque la fisiopatología del LES sigue siendo desconocida, se reconoce que factores genéticos, epigenéticos, ambientales y neuroendocrinos están implicados en el desarrollo de la enfermedad y sus complicaciones. Una proporción notable de pacientes con LES presenta también obesidad, y este perfil dismetabólico puede producir deterioro renal, musculoesquelético y/o respiratorio, fatiga, diversas alteraciones fisiopatológicas y deterioro funcional. En este contexto, la nutrición de precisión emerge como una herramienta prometedora en el control inflamatorio del LES, especialmente en pacientes con obesidad asociada. Diversos estudios demuestran la influencia beneficiosa de patrones dietéticos equilibrados en macronutrientes con alimentos ricos en fibra, vitaminas, minerales, antioxidantes y polifenoles en el control inflamatorio del LES y de las más diversas patologías, destacando la dieta Mediterránea y las dietas basadas en plantas/vegetales. Por último, la microbiota intestinal puede tener un papel relevante en este escenario clínico, ya que la disbiosis se asocia con procesos inflamatorios y desregulación inmune. Se cree que con la nutrición de precisión se pueden modular los perfiles inflamatorios y las disfunciones inmunitarias para garantizar una mejor calidad de vida y el bienestar metabólico de los pacientes con LES con el apoyo de las tecnologías de precisión ómicas.

Actuales retos diagnósticos genómicos en los Síndromes Hemofagocíticos en pediatría: reporte de caso

Introducción: La linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica familiar (FHL) es una enfermedad del sistema autoinmune que se presenta con un síndrome inflamatorio excesivo causado por linfocitos T activados e histiocitosis. Cursa con herencia autosómica recesiva ligada al cromosoma X. Aproximadamente el 90% de los niños diagnosticados son menores de 2 años y la incidencia es de aproximadamente 0.12 por 100.000. Se puede dividir en cinco subtipos según la variante genética causante. Las variantes patogénicas más involucradas son en los genes de la perforina 1 (PRF1) y homólogo D de la proteína UNC-13 (UNC13D). Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un preadolescente de 11 años, con antecedente de infecciones recurrentes, quien cursa con síndrome convulsivo asociado a fiebre, peso y talla bajas para la edad, hepatomegalia y discapacidad cognitiva. En el abordaje inicial se descartan enfermedades infecciosas, inmunológicas, hematológicas, metabólicas y oncológicas. El exoma clínico para inmunodeficiencias primarias muestra una variante patogénica p.A91V homocigota en el gen de la PRF1 de herencia autosómica recesiva, resultado relacionado con linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica familiar tipo 2 (FHL2). Discusión y conclusión: El cambio conformacional del PRF1 alterado reduce la actividad citotóxica de la proteína y provoca la enfermedad. Los pacientes portadores de defectos en el gen PRF1 son vulnerables a infecciones, enfermedades autoinmunes y tumores malignos. Con un diagnóstico definido y preciso es posible orientar las acciones en salud, pautas de seguimiento, evaluación de riesgo de heredabilidad a través de un caso índice para así encontrar otros posibles portadores, realizar un asesoramiento genético completo, implementar e iniciar tratamientos dirigidos que aminoren la morbilidad y mortalidad asociada a esta patología. Actualmente se cuenta con varios estudios en diferentes fases de investigación sobre moléculas que pueden intervenir en la historia natural de la enfermedad. (provisto por Infomedic International)

Introduction: Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a disease of the autoimmune system that presents with an excessive inflammatory syndrome caused by activated T lymphocytes and histiocytosis. It occurs with autosomal recessive inheritance linked to the chromosome X. Approximately 90% of diagnosed children are under 2 years of age and the incidence is approximately 0.12 per 100,000. It can be divided into five subtypes depending on the causative genetic variant. The most involved pathogenic variants are in the perforin 1 (PRF1) and UNC-13 protein homolog D (UNC13D) genes. Clinical case: The case of an 11-year-old preadolescent is presented, with a history of recurrent infections, who presents with convulsive syndrome associated with fever, low weight and height for age, hepatomegaly and cognitive disability. In the initial approach, infectious, immunological, hematological, metabolic and oncological diseases are ruled out. The clinical exome for primary immunodeficiencies shows a homozygous pathogenic variant p.A91V in the PRF1 gene of autosomal recessive inheritance, a result related to familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 2 (FHL2). Discussion and conclusion: The altered PRF1 conformational change reduces the cytotoxic activity of the protein and causes disease. Patients carrying defects in the PRF1 gene are vulnerable to infections, autoimmune diseases and malignant tumors. With a defined and precise diagnosis, it is possible to guide health actions, follow-up guidelines, evaluation of heritability risk through an index case in order to find other possible carriers, carry out complete genetic counseling, implement and initiate targeted treatments that reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this pathology. Currently, there are several studies in different phases of research on molecules that may intervene in the natural history of the disease. (provided by Infomedic International)

Rare Genetic Kidney Diseases: Windows of Precision Nephrology / 罕见病研究

As an important category of rare diseases, rare genetic kidney diseases have many types. In recent years, their diagnosis, treatment, research and management strategies have made great progress. Continuously more new genes and mechanisms have been discovered, giving rise to new technologies and drugs for precision medicine and clinical applications. This article systematically analyzes rare diseases involving the urinary system listed in the catalog of rare diseases in China, gives examples to illustrate the research and management methods for the diagnosis and treatment of rare genetic kidney diseases, promotes clinical applications of new drugs by expanding physiological mechanisms, introduces the application of special blood purification in the field of critical rare diseases, and provides an outlook forward to the future prospects of precise diagnosis and treatment of rare kidney diseases in China.

Application progress and challenges of artificial intelligence in organoid research / 中国癌症杂志

Organoids,recognized as invaluable models in tumor and stem cell research,assume a pivotal role in the meticulous analysis of diverse datasets pertaining to their growth dynamics,drug screening processes and related phenomena.However,the manual scrutiny and conventional statistical methodologies employed in handling organoid data often grapple with challenges such as diminished precision and efficiency,heightened complexity,escalated human resource requirements,and a degree of subjectivity.Acknowledging the remarkable efficacy of artificial intelligence(AI)in the realms of biology and medicine,the incorporation of AI into organoid research stands poised to enhance the objectivity,precision and expediency of analyses.This integration empowers organoids to more effectively fulfill objectives such as disease modeling,drug screening and precision medicine.Notably,significant strides have been made in AI-driven analyses of organoid image data.The amalgamation of deep learning into image analysis facilitates a more meticulous delineation of the microstructural intricacies and nuanced changes within organoids,achieving a level of accuracy akin to that of experts.This not only elevates the precision of organoid morphology and growth recognition,but also contributes to substantial time and cost savings in research endeavors.Furthermore,the infusion of AI technology has yielded breakthroughs in the processing of organoid omics data,resulting in heightened efficiency in data processing and the identification of latent gene expression patterns.This furnishes novel tools for comprehending cellular development and unraveling the intricate mechanisms underlying various diseases.In addition to image data,AI techniques applied to diverse organoid datasets,encompassing electrical signals and spectra,have realized an unbiased classification of organoid types and states,embarking on a comprehensive journey towards characterizing organoids holistically.In the pivotal domain of drug screening for organoids,AI emerges as a stalwart companion,providing robust support for real-time process monitoring and result prediction.Leveraging high-content microscopy images and sophisticated deep learning models,researchers can dynamically monitor organoid responses to drugs,effecting non-invasive detection of drug impacts and amplifying the precision and efficiency of drug screening processes.Despite the significant strides made by AI in organoid research,challenges persist,encompassing hurdles in data acquisition,constraints in sample quality and quantity,and quandaries associated with model interpretability.Overcoming these challenges necessitates dedicated future research efforts aimed at enhancing data consistency,fortifying model interpretability,and exploring methodologies for the seamless fusion of multimodal data.Such endeavors are poised to usher in a more comprehensive and dependable application of AI in organoid research.In summation,the integration of AI technology introduces unparalleled opportunities to organoid research,resulting in noteworthy advancements.Nevertheless,interdisciplinary research and collaborative efforts remain imperative to navigate challenges and propel the more profound integration of AI into organoid research.The future holds promise for AI to assume an even more prominent role in advancing organoid research toward clinical translation and precision medicine.

Application of miniprobe endoscopic ultrasound in endoscopic surgery of small-diameter and low-grade rectum neuroendocrine neoplasm / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of miniprobe endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)in guiding endoscopic treatment of small-diameter(maximum diameter less than 1 cm)and low-grade(G1 grade)rectum neuroendocrine neoplasm(R-NEN),and to provide evidence and clues for its clinical application and further research.Methods The clinical data of 85 cases of low-grade(G1 grade)R-NEN with a maximum diameter of less than 1 cm who underwent endoscopic treatment in our center from January 2014 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into the EUS group(37 cases)and control group(48 cases)according to whether EUS was performed before endoscopic treatment.The positive rate of incision margin,the incidence of complications,the recurrence rate,the hospital stay,the cost of hospitalization and endoscopic therapy were compared between the two groups.Results The positive rate of incision margin in the EUS group was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications,tumor recurrence rate,hospital stay or hospital costs between the two groups(P>0.05).There was statistically significant difference in the endoscopic therapy between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Evaluating the lesion depth of small-diameter and low-grade(G1 grade)R-NEN before surgery by miniprobe EUS and selecting endoscopic surgery according to its results of can significantly reduce the residual risk of resection margin tumors.

Comparative effectiveness research of different testing methods in functional quality inspection of precision surgical instruments / 中国医学装备

Objective:To compare the testing effects of different testing methods in the functional inspection of precision surgical scissors and needle holders.Methods:By consulting relevant literature and professional books,three testing methods and materials for precision surgical scissors and needle holders were selected.The cutting performance of the precision surgical scissors were tested by gauze cloth,cotton wool,and silicone film method in the Interlock surgical instrument testing set.The clamping performance of precision needle holder was tested by using light,needle clips,and thread clamping method in the Interlock surgical instrument testing set.100 pieces of precision surgical scissors and needle holders which were qualified for cleaning and disinfection in the hospital were selected for effectiveness testing,and a self-made satisfaction questionnaire to investigate the satisfaction of surgeons with the use of instruments.Results:After 100 precision surgical scissors tested using three methods of gauze,cotton wool,and silicone film,the qualified number of cutting performance was 94,76,and 58,respectively,the difference was statistically significant(x2=36.526,P<0.05).The satisfaction rate of surgeons with the use of precision surgical scissors passed the silicone film test was the highest at 100%,followed by cotton wool cloth at 82.0%,and the gauze method at the worst at 67.0%,the difference was statistically significant(x2=48.439,P<0.05).After 100 precision needle holders were tested by using three methods of light irradiation,needle clamping,and wire clamping,the qualified number of clamping performance was 96,78,and 62,respectively,the difference was statistically significant(x2=38.160,P<0.05).The satisfaction rate of surgeons with the precision needle holders passed the clamp line test was the highest at 100.0%,followed by the clamp needle at 79.0%,and the worst under light at 62.0%,the difference was statistically significant(x2=57.705,P<0.05).Conclusion:The function and quality of precision surgical scissors and needle holders tested by the test objects in Interlock Surgical Instrument Test Suite can objectively and accurately reflect the functional status of surgical scissors and needle holders,provide reference for regular maintenance and upkeep of instruments,and ensure safe use of instruments.

Research on technological roadmap based on theintegrated development of digestive tract endoscopy and artificial intelligence precision medicine / 中国医学装备

Objective:To study the technological roadmap of integrated development of digestive tract endoscopy and artificial intelligence precision medicine,and to provide research directions and feasible technological paths for the"overtaking on a curve"of domestic gastrointestinal endoscopy.Methods:The Delphi method was used to investigate the needs and research directions for the refinement of gastrointestinal endoscopy from the perspective of medical professionals.An analysis of development directions of artificial intelligence precision medical technology based on technical documents on artificial intelligence precision medical technology was conducted.The application scenarios and technology roadmap of early gastric cancer and inflammatory bowel disease patients were designed from four main service directions of precise diagnosis,precise treatment,precise medication,and precise health management of artificial intelligence precision medicine.Results:Two refined application scenarios were designed for precise diagnosis of early gastric cancer and precise health management of inflammatory bowel disease patients,the layout direction and feasible path were planned for the development of the new gastrointestinal endoscopy industry,and a technology roadmap for the development of intelligent gastrointestinal endoscopy industrywas formed.Conclusion:The technology roadmap for the integrated development of gastrointestinal endoscopy with artificial intelligence precision medicine provides a sustainable development path for addressing the patent blockade of foreign gastrointestinal endoscopy companies on domestic products,uneven distribution of medical resources in the field of gastroenterology,and early diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases.

Application of extended reality technology in orthopaedics / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Extended reality (XR) includes a variety of visualisation technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality. It refers to a combination of the real and the virtual entities through computers to create a virtual environment where human and computer can interact, characterized by immersion, interactivity, conceptualization, and combination of reality and fiction. Recently, great progress has been made in the application of XR in the fields of medical education, precision medicine, telemedicine, surgical assistance and navigation so that XR has drawn increasing attention. This paper briefly describes the concept of XR and its technological development, expounds its clinical application in orthopedics, surgery in particular, analyzes the existing problems and difficulties, and predicts its future development trend. This review may help readers gain a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the history, current status and future development of intelligent orthopaedics based on XR technology.

Application progress of Evans blue modified radiopharmaceuticals for theranostics / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Theranostics in nuclear medicine is an important direction for the precision medicine. Radionuclide therapy based on small molecules/peptides often requires high doses. Improving the utilization efficiency of radionuclides, optimizing the pharmacokinetics of radionuclide therapeutic molecular probes as well as increasing the target to non-target ratio have become the international hot frontiers in the field of radiotheranostics. Evans blue (EB) motif uses endogenous albumin as a reversible carrier, and the small molecule and polypeptide structure modified based on EB can effectively extend the half-life in the blood and substantially increase the uptake, accumulation and retention of radiopharmaceuticals in target lesions, and thereby enhance the therapeutic effect and reduce the dosage of nuclides. This article focuses on the research of EB modified radiopharmaceuticals for theranostics.

Application of three-dimensional printing technology in obstetrics / 中华围产医学杂志

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a fabrication technology that constructs three-dimensional objects by successive addition of materials. In recent years, the advancements in 3D printing technology, reductions in material costs, development of biomaterials, and improvements in cell culture techniques allow the application of 3D printing in the clinical medical fields, such as orthopedics, dentistry, and urinary surgery, to develop rapidly. Obstetrics, focusing on both theory and practice, is an emerging application field for 3D printing technology. 3D printing has been used in obstetrics for fetal and maternal diseases, such as prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities and preoperative planning for placental implantation disorders. Additionally, 3D printing can simulate surgical scenarios and enable the targeted training for doctors. This review aims to provide a summary of the latest developments in the clinical application of 3D printing in obstetrics.

Application of digital three-dimensional reconstruction in placenta accreta spectrum disorders / 中华围产医学杂志

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders are one of the important causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Some studies reported that the limitations in commonly used auxiliary examination methods led to missed or misdiagnosis, resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Digital three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is the 3D graphical visualization constructed on the original data to illustrate the spatial relationship between structures, overcoming the limitations of two-dimensional images. As a novel auxiliary diagnostic tool, digital 3D reconstruction provides promising insights into the development of personalized precision medicine. This article reviews the research and application of ultrasound and MRI 3D reconstruction in the field of PAS.

Preliminary study on the efficacy of subretinal injection of Aflibercept in the treatment of refractory polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of subretinal injection of Aflibercept for the treatment of refractory or recurrent polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).Methods:A prospective clinical research. From January to June 2022, 18 patients of 18 eyes with PCV diagnosed in The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University were included in the study. All patients underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The BCVA examination was performed using the international standard visual acuity chart, which was converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity during statistics. The large choroidal vessel thickness (LVCT), central retinal thickness (CRT), sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED) height were measured by enhanced depth imaging technique of OCT. The choroidal vascular index (CVI) was calculated. There were 18 patients of 18 eyes, 11 males of 11 eyes and 7 females of 7 eyes. The age was (64.22±3.86) years old. The disease duration was (5.22±1.80) years. The patient had received intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs for (7.72±1.36) times. The logMAR BCVA of the affected eyes was 1.28±0.25. The SFCT, CRT, LVCT, PED height were (436.56±9.80), (432.44±44.29), (283.78±27.10), (342.44±50.18) μm, respectively, and CVI was 0.65±0.01. All eyes were treated with a single subretinal injection of 40 mg/ml Aflibercept 0.05 ml (including Aflibercept 2.0 mg). According to the results of OCT and BCVA after treatment, the lesions were divided into active type and static type. The active lesions were treated with intravitreal injection of Aflibercept at the same dose as before. Quiescent lesions were followed up. Examinations were performed 1-3, 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment using the same equipment and methods before treatment. The BCVA, LVCT, CRT, SFCT, PED height, CVI, interretinal or subretinal fluid, lesion regression rate, injection times, and complications during and after treatment were observed. The BCVA, SFCT, CRT, LVCT, PED height and CVI before and after treatment were compared by repeated measures analysis of variance.Results:Eighteen eyes received subretinal and/or intravitreal injection of Aflibercept (1.61±0.85) times (1-4 times). At the last follow-up, the polypoid lesions regressed in 4 eyes and PED disappeared in 1 eye. Compared with before treatment, BCVA ( F=50.298) gradually increased, CRT ( F=25.220), PED height ( F=144.16), SFCT ( F=69.77), LVCT ( F=136.69), CVI ( F=72.70) gradually decreased after treatment. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001). Macular hole occurred in 1 eye after treatment, and the hole closed spontaneously 3 months after treatment. No serious complications such as retinal tear, retinal detachment, endophthalmitis and vitreous hemorrhage occurred during and after treatment. Conclusion:Subretinal injection of Aflibercept is safe and effective in the treatment of refractory PCV.

Global Landscape of Clinical Trials in Lung Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

Lung cancer, the second most prevalent cancer in the world with a persistently high mortality rate, threatens the life and health of all humanity. With the development of clinical trials, the treatment options for lung cancer have been enriched, and the understanding of the timing of intervention has become more explicit than before. Thus, the prognosis of lung cancer has significantly improved. However, unmet clinical needs still exist. This review provides the global trend of clinical research in lung cancer treatment and describes the evolution of clinical trials in terms of design, implementation, and regulation. The change in study endpoints is conducive to shortening the research and development cycle and accelerating the launch of drugs. The refinement of study populations and therapeutic targets facilitates the realization of the maximum efficacy of precision treatment. The integration of comprehensive and diversified therapeutic strategies and the combination of prevention and treatment further promote the improvement of survival and the alleviation of social burden. This review also proposes a prospective direction for future development of clinical research in lung cancer.

Rare Genetic Kidney Diseases: Windows of Precision Nephrology / 罕见病研究

As an important category of rare diseases, rare genetic kidney diseases have many types. In recent years, their diagnosis, treatment, research and management strategies have made great progress. Continuously more new genes and mechanisms have been discovered, giving rise to new technologies and drugs for precision medicine and clinical applications. This article systematically analyzes rare diseases involving the urinary system listed in the catalog of rare diseases in China, gives examples to illustrate the research and management methods for the diagnosis and treatment of rare genetic kidney diseases, promotes clinical applications of new drugs by expanding physiological mechanisms, introduces the application of special blood purification in the field of critical rare diseases, and provides an outlook forward to the future prospects of precise diagnosis and treatment of rare kidney diseases in China.

Verification of a method for determination of tritiated water in ambient air / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To experimentally verify the precision and accuracy of determining tritiated water in ambient air using the desiccant adsorption sampling–high temperature negative pressure desorption of liquid water (containing HTO)–liquid Scintillation counter method, and to provide technical support for developing standard methods for monitoring tritiated water in ambient air. Methods The relative standard deviation and recovery of multi-group samples were verified by collecting, testing, and analyzing environmental samples with different activity concentrations. The uncertainty of the method was evaluated, the main uncertainty components were identified, and the reliability of measurement results was analyzed. Through experimental comparison of different methods, the differences in the test results of different methods were examined. Results The relative standard deviation of multiple samples ranged from 6.7% to 7.9%, the recovery ranged from 95.7% to 97.3%, and the uncertainty was greatly affected by the sample counting rate, with no significant difference as compared to condensation sampling method. Conclusion The precision and accuracy of this method meet the requirements of environmental authorities for monitoring tritiated water in ambient air, and it can be widely used in the monitoring of tritiated water in ambient air.

Progress of gene-mediated precision immunotherapy in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia / 中国药科大学学报

@#Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease caused by abnormal cloning of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, which leads to accumulation of a large number of abnormally differentiated myeloid cells. It is difficult to cure by traditional treatment. The successful application of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy indicates that the treatment of hematological tumors has entered a new stage of precision immunotherapy. However, CAR-T immunotherapy has been found to have many problems in clinical applications, including long treatment cycle, expensive prices, off-target effects, cytokine release syndrome, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the application of CAR or adopt improved measures to enhance the therapeutic effect. This article reviews the new strategies for genetic engineering modification of CAR immune cells and the research progress and application of in situ programming to generate CAR-T, and besides, briefly introduces the new methods about the delivery of gene drugs in vivo, aiming to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for expanding and improving the application of precision immunotherapy in AML.

Research progress of radiomics in nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 重庆医学

Radiomics is a rapidly developing field,which can transform the black and white gray-scale information of traditional CT,MR1,positron emission tomography(PET),and other images into quantitative radiomics features,obtain rich deep features of lesions,and provide more valuable information for clinical diag-nosis and treatment.Radiomics capture these time-varying lesion characteristics in continuous imaging,and then discover markers and patterns of disease evolution,progression and treatment response,which are used to solve clinical problems.Image data are mineable,and in large enough data sets,they can be used to complete advancements from the individual level to the molecular/digital level.Although the development of radiomics is still in its infancy,there have been many studies on its application in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.This article reviews the application of radiomics in the precise diagnosis,treatment efficacy and prognosis prediction,and differential diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,in order to provide a basis for clinical precise diagnosis and individualized treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Precision diagnosis and treatment for hematological malignancies / 陆军军医大学学报

With the in-depth research on the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies,precision diagnosis and stratified treatment have been continuously enhanced and optimized over the years.In recent years,with the aid of artificial intelligence,the diagnosis of the malignancies has been upgraded from manual and empirical to intelligent and mechanized,and it is expected to realize intelligent diagnosis with high efficiency and high accuracy in the future.At the same time,the evolution of small molecule drugs,antibody drugs,immunotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,and the emergence of new drugs expand the treatment options for hematological malignancies.In this article,we review the precision diagnosis and treatment of hematological tumors from 3 aspects:precision/intelligent diagnosis,medication,and cellular therapy.

Errors and countermeasures of robotic surgery system in thyroid surgery application / 国际外科学杂志

The purpose of minimally invasive thyroid surgery is to perform refined surgery through an intelligent operating system, achieving minimal physical and psychological trauma for patients, thereby improving their quality of life. At present, the commonly used minimally invasive surgical methods are laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery, both by creating tunnels from a distance to the thyroid gland, requiring high technical requirements for surgical instruments and robotic surgeons. Regardless of the type of minimally invasive surgery, in the early stages of implementation, doctors have a process of exposure, understanding, proficient mastery, and innovative expansion of the system, instruments, operating methods, and surgical thinking. In this process, it is inevitable to encounter some erroneous operations, which are the main causes of medical safety adverse events, including complications, and bring a failed medical experience to patients. At the same time, mistakes can also cause psychological burden for robotic surgeons and have an impact on the development of new technologies. The occurrence of errors also depends on the open surgical experience and clinical adaptability of robotic surgeons, and experienced robotic surgeons can significantly reduce errors. With the innovation of medical technology and the urgent demand of patients for efficacy and beauty, errors should not be a factor hindering the development of minimally invasive thyroid surgery. This article will analyze the erroneous operations of robot surgeons, formulates countermeasures, and provides reference for the safe implementation of robot surgery, thereby promoting the development of intelligent precision minimally invasive surgery, and further benefiting patients with minimally invasive needs.