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AIM: To gather baseline data on visual acuity by screening students from different stages in the same administrative district of Xi'an, as well as to analyze and investigate disparities in myopia rates among students from different stages in this area.METHODS: A total of 13 707 students from 21 elementary schools, 3 middle schools, 3 general high schools and 1 vocational high school were randomly selected for uncorrected distance visual acuity and computerized refraction testing in 28 schools with a random sampling approach.RESULTS: The detection rate of myopia in elementary, middle, high and vocational high schools in the same region of Xi'an were 32.27%, 72.07%, 81.22% and 65.12%, respectively; The total myopia rate of students was 47.81%; The myopia rate of girls was higher than that of boys in all grades; The myopia rates of elementary and middle schools increased with the growth of grades; The percentage of high myopia increased from 2.40% in elementary schools to 16.51% in high schools with the growth of grades.CONCLUSION: The myopia rate in different stages of the same region is different, and it tends to rise with the gronth of grades; Girls have a higher myopia rate than boys; Compared to the results of the national survey on myopia in different grades of children and adolescents in 2018, the myopia rate in the same region has decreased significantly in 2021 of the elementary school level, although myopia rate of middle school and high school stage do not rise, the decline is not obvious.
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AIM: To understand the status of poor vision and analyze the main influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in a division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of poor vision.METHODS: A total of 12 primary and secondary schools in a divisional urban district and regiment field of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps were chosen using stratified cluster random sampling from August to October 2020. A total of 2 982 primary and secondary school students were selected for visual inspections and questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of poor vision.RESULTS: The rate of poor vision was 65.66% among 2 982 primary and secondary school students in the division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, with the majority severe poor vision. Furthermore, the rates of poor vision were higher in girls(70.17%)than that in boys(61.47%)(χ2=4.993, P<0.001)and the urban area(70.03%)were higher than the rural area(58.96%)(χ2=38.680, P<0.001)and the Han nationality students(66.83%)were higher than Uyghur students(52.82%)(χ2=19.772, P<0.001). The risk of poor vision increased with age(χ2trend =300.144, P<0.001), and by the age group ≥18 years old, the rate of poor vision reached 80.47%. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the women, the age≥13 years old, writing and reading duration every day ≥2h, cram school on weekends and presence of myopia in parents increases the risk of poor vision, increase the outdoor exercise time, sleep time ≥8h, and do eye exercises every day can reduce the occurrence of poor vision.CONCLUSION: Poor vision rate of primary and secondary school students in the division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps is higher than that of many regions in the country. Girls with the age(≥13 years old)whose parents are myopic should receive special attention. Increasing outdoor exercise time, doing eye exercises every day, and keeping your eyes more than one foot away from books when reading and writing is effective in preventing poor vision.
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Objective @#To investigate the awareness of human papillomavirus ( HPV ) vaccine and willingness to vaccinate daughters among parents of primary and middle school students, so as to provide the reference for the promotion of HPV vaccine in primary and middle school girls.@*Methods @#Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, the parents of girls in in Grade Four to Nine from schools in Gongshu District of Hangzhou, Xiuzhou District of Jiaxing and Wuxing District of Huzhou were selected. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographic information, HPV vaccine related knowledge and willingness to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for the willingness to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines among parents. @*Results @#Totally 1 500 questionnaires were sent out, and 1 466 were effectively collected, with an effective rate of 97.73%. There were 313 fathers responded, accounting for 21.35%; and 1 153 mothers responded, accounting for 78.65%. The awareness rate of HPV vaccine was 16.81%. The rate of willing to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines was 49.86%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patients who ever vaccinated daughters with self-paid vaccines ( OR=1.935, 95%CI: 1.473-2.541 ), knew cervical cancer ( OR=1.424, 95%CI: 1.065-1.904 ), knew HPV vaccine dose ( OR=1.672, 95%CI:1.216-2.301 ), knew the best vaccination period ( OR=1.392, 95%CI: 1.032-1.876 ), knew the need of cervical cancer screening even after vaccination ( OR=1.596, 95%CI:1.227-2.075) were more willing to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines, while the parents who thought HPV vaccine expensive ( OR=0.154, 95%CI: 0.099-0.240 ) were less willing to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines. @*Conclusions @#The rates of HPV vaccine awareness and willingness to vaccinate daughters are 16.81% and 49.86% among parents of primary and middle school students. Their knowledge of HPV vaccine and the price of the vaccine may affect their willingness to vaccinate daughters.
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Objective@#To explore the influencing factors for the primary and secondary school students with abnormal angle of trunk rotation for the prevention.@*Methods@#The students of Grade Four to Nine in Jiashan County of Zhejiang Province were selected by cluster sampling method. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect social demographic data, diet behaviors, physical activities, reading and writing habits. The angle of trunk rotation was measured by scoliometer. Logistic regression model was used to investigate the influencing factors for abnormal angle of trunk rotation. @*Results@#This study included 2 942 schoolchildren, with 1 582 ( 53.78% ) boys and 1 360 ( 46.23% ) girls. The incidence rate of abnormal angle of trunk rotation was 7.82%. The incidence rate of abnormal angle of trunk rotation in girls was 10.74%, which was higher than 5.31% in boys ( P<0.05 ). Grade ( OR=1.485, 95%CI: 1.058-2.085 ), gender ( OR=2.084, 95%CI: 1.536-2.828 ), frequency of eating fresh vegetables in the past week ( OR=0.749, 95%CI: 0.633-0.887 ) and watching electronic screen in the dark ( OR=1.188, 95%CI: 1.002-1.408 ) were the influencing factors for abnormal angle of trunk rotation in primary and secondary school students. Grade ( OR=2.664, 95%CI: 1.481-4.791 ) and watching electronic screen in the dark ( OR=1.325, 95%CI: 1.030-1.704 ) were influencing factors for abnormal angle of trunk rotation in boys. Frequency of eating fresh vegetables in the past week ( OR=0.714, 95%CI: 0.574-0.887 ) and uncorrected eyesight less than 5.0 ( OR=1.795, 95%CI: 1.164-2.767 ) were influencing factors for abnormal angle of trunk rotation in girls. @*Conclusion@#The abnormal angle of trunk rotation in primary and secondary school students is related to gender, grade, reading and writing behaviors as well as diets; and the influencing factors are different in male and female students.
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Objective@#To investigate the influencing factors for myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou, so as to provide basis for myopia prevention and control. @*Methods@#The students in Grade 4-12 were recruited by stratified cluster random sampling method. Gender, grade, parents＇ myopia history, outdoor activity time and video display terminal time were collected through the questionnaire of National Surveillance Program of Influencing Factors for Common Diseases and Health in Students. Uncorrected visual acuity and cycloplegic refraction were tested. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore myopia-related factors.@*Results@#A total of 990 questionnaires were distributed, and 882 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 89.09%. The prevalence rate of myopia was 78.23% ( 690 cases ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females ( OR=1.703, 95%CI: 1.173-2.474 ) , middle school students ( OR:5.597-11.949, 95%CI: 3.573-28.349 ) , both parents＇myopia ( OR=2.445, 95%CI: 1.597-3.742 ) , video display terminal time over 3 hours per day ( OR=2.026, 95%CI: 1.235-3.325 ) were risk factors for myopia; outdoor activity time over 2 hours per day ( OR: 0.493-0.510, 95%CI: 0.273-0.943 ) was a protective factor for myopia. @*Conclusion@#The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou is 78.23%. Gender, grade, parents＇ myopia history, outdoor activity time and video display terminal time are influencing factors for myopia.
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Objective@#To investigate the pedestrian traffic safety behaviors of primary and secondary school students in Xiacheng District of Hangzhou,and to provide reference for formulating traffic safety strategy. @*Methods@# In October 2015,nine campuses of six schools in Xiacheng District were selected to observe the pedestrian traffic safety behaviors of the primary and secondary school students walking to and from school,such as taking the zebra crossing,observing the traffic condition,running and playing with cellphones when walking across the road.@*Results@#Totally 2 585 students were investigated,and 2 580 students were valid（99.81%）. When walking across the road,1 887 people took the zebra crossing,accounting for 73.14%;71.89% of boys and 74.51% of girls took the zebra crossing,and there was no significant difference（P>0.05）;64.76% and 81.32% of the students took the zebra crossing on the way to school and home,with a significant difference（P<0.05）. When walking across the road,1 683 students people observed the traffic conditions,accounting for 65.23%;63.61% of boys and 67.02% of girls observed the traffic conditions,and there was no significant difference（P>0.05）;64.05% and 66.39% of the students observed the traffic conditions on the way to school and home,with a significant difference（P<0.05）.There were 362 students running across the road, accounting for 14.03%;15.31% of boys and 12.62% of girls ran across the road,and there was no significant difference（P>0.05）;9.26% and 18.68% of the students ran across the road on the way to school and home,with a significant difference（P<0.05）. There were 53 students playing with cellphones when crossing the road,accounting for 2.05%;2.29% of boys and 1.79% of girls played with cellphones,and there was no significant difference（P>0.05）;1.41% and 2.68% of the students played with cellphones on the way to school and home,with a significant difference（P<0.05）. @*Conclusions @#Primary and secondary school students have dangerous behaviors when walking across the road. We should focus on the intervention of not taking the zebra crossing and not observing traffic conditions when crossing the road on the way to school,and playing with cellphones on the way home.
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@#AIM: To investigate the prevalence of myopia and its impacting factors among adolescents in schools of Shashi district, Jingzhou city in 2017, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of myopia.<p>METHODS: Totally 10 353 primary and secondary school students aged 7 to 18 were selected through the method of cluster stratified sampling in the central area and rural-urban area of Shashi. The number of students with myopia was 5 456, and the prevalence rate was 52.70%. A total of 10 353 on-site questionnaires were collected. Logistic regression analysis was conducted for related factors. <p>RESULTS: The subjects of this survey were 8 primary and secondary schools in the central area and 6 primary and secondary schools in suburban area. The prevalence of myopia was 60.34% in the central area and 11.43% in rural-urban area(<i>P</i><0.01). Outdoor activities and correct reading and writing gesture are preventive factors for myopia. Three risk factors for myopia include age, time spent on electronic devices and continuous working hours after class. <p>CONCLUSION: The myopia rate of primary and secondary school students in Shashi district of Jingzhou city is at a high level, especially in the downtown area. To prevent and reduce the occurrence of adolescent myopia, schools and families should make joint efforts to increase time of outdoor activities, and improve the eye environment for adolescent.
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Objective@#To understand the current situation of road traffic injuries among primary and secondary school students in Mengzi city.@*Methods@#Using the cluster random sampling method, more than 9 000 primary and secondary school students from 20 primary and secondary schools in Mengzi city, were randomly sampled. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the occurrence of road traffic injuries in school students.@*Results@#A total of 9 197 students were surveyed, including 150 from road traffic injuries. The incidence rates of road traffic injuries was 1.63% among students in Mengzi city and 2.85% among junior high school students, with the high incidence in May. The leading places of injuries were village roads (38.00%), city roads (33.33%) and district roads (12.67%), respectively. 26.67% of the traffic injuries occurred on the way to or from schools, with riding on electric bicycle (52.00%) as the major cause and contusion/abrasion (75.33%) appeared as the major signs. Both lower and upper limbs plus multiple parts were accounting for 45.51%, 22.16% and 16.17%, respectively of all the injuries. 70.67% of all the cases with road traffic injuries in children, recovered after treatment. Children with road traffic injuries would stay in the hospital for up to 90 days but spent less than 30 000 Yuan.@*Conclusion@#The incidence of road traffic injuries among students in Mengzi city seemed relatively high, with junior high school students reached the highest. Riding electric bicycle appeared as the leading cause for traffic injuries in children in Mengzi city of Yunnan province.
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Objective To understand the current status of chronic disease prevention literacy among primary and secondary school students in Dalian and to provide evidence for developing health education regarding chronic diseases and promotion strategies in students. Methods A total of 1 058 students from four districts or counties in Dalian were investigated through a questionnaire survey using stratified cluster sampling in 2015. A multiple linear regression method from Stata 15. 0 was used to identify the influencing factors of chronic disease prevention literacy among primary and junior school students. Results The current status of chronic disease prevention literacy was 6. 62 ％ among primary and junior school students in Dalian,and it was higher in urban students than in those from rural areas (P <0. 001),higher in junior school than in primary school (P < 0. 001),and higher in girls than in boys (P = 0. 034). There also appeared to be a positive regression relationship with parents' higher education degrees (P < 0. 001). Conclusion The current status of chronic disease prevention literacy is low among primary and secondary school students in Dalian. We should strengthen their health literacy level, mobilize the role of their parents,and especially increase chronic disease prevention awareness and the self-care ability of the rural students.
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Objective To understand the awareness status of malaria control knowledge of primary and secondary school stu-dents in malaria endemic areas of Shandong Province,so as to provide the baseline information for formulating the malaria control strategy. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 5 TypeⅡmalaria-endemic counties in Shandong Province. A struc-tured questionnaire survey was administrated to students in primary and secondary schools. Results A total of 1 884 students were completed with the questionnaires and all were effective. The total awareness rate of malaria control knowledge was 65.9%, and 54.7% of the students knew the transmission route of malaria and only 31.5% of the students were aware of the preventive methods of malaria. There were significant differences of the awareness scores of malaria control knowledge among different malar-ia endemic areas but there were no significant differences between the awareness rates of male and female students and between two different education levels. Conclusions The awareness of malaria control knowledge of primary and secondary school stu-dents in Shandong Province is poor;therefore,the health education of malaria control knowledge for primary and secondary school students should be strengthened.
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Objective To investigate the risk factors and to provide evidence for prevention and reduction of sports injuries in primary and secondary school students in Guangzhou. Methods 1:1 case-control study was conducted on both 349 cases and controls under the same distribution of sex, age and grade. Conditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the relationships between risk factors and injuries. Results Severe soles wear (OR=7.20, 95% CI: 2.37-21.84),tiredness (OR= 14.34,95%CI:2.29-89.66) or sickness (OR=1.96,95%CI: 1.29-3.06) when participating in sports at a high frequency and history of previous injuries (OR=2.11,95%CI: 1.41-3.96) were risk factors related to sports injury while guidance by teachers and physical education provided by teachers during training (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.26-0.79) , appropriate protection (OR= 0.36, 95%CI: 0.20-0.64) as well as warming-up exercise (OR=0.31,95%CI: 0.14-0.67) at a high frequency were protective factors for sports injury. Conclusion Prevention and control on sports injury need to improve the awareness on sports safety for students and teachers in order to develop positive behavior on sports safety.