Contribución de la priorización curricular de educación física y salud en la formación académica de los estudiantes / Contribution of the curricular prioritization of physical education and health in the academic training of students / Contribuição da priorização curricular de educação física e saúde na formação académica dos estudantes

RESUMEN Los procesos educativos han sufrido muchos cambios debido a la pandemia de Covid-19 intentando mantener la continuidad de los mismos a través de clases virtuales, para facilitar esta labor, el Ministerio de Educación de Chile establece la Priorización Curricular que tiene como propósito responder a las diversas dificultades y problemas del ámbito educativo que emergen debido a la paralización de las clases presenciales causado por la crisis sanitaria. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer si la priorización curricular en Educación Física y Salud es una contribución para la formación académica de los estudiantes, para ello, se utilizó una metodología con enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, a través de la cual se recogió información que permitió conocer la percepción de los profesores en ejercicio. Los resultados indican que su principal contribución es en el ámbito conceptual, sin embargo, presenta carencias en cuanto a algunos aspectos relevantes para un buen desarrollo del aprendizaje. Se concluye que esta organización de objetivos ha sido medianamente bien recibida por los profesores, aunque representa en su aplicación una contribución al proceso formativo.

ABSTRACT The educational processes have undergone many changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic, trying to maintain their continuity through virtual classes, to facilitate this work, the Ministry of Education of Chile establishes the Curricular Prioritization that aims to respond to the various difficulties and problems in the educational environment that emerge due to the paralysis of face-to-face classes caused by the health crisis. The objective of this study was to know if the curricular prioritization in Physical Education and Health is a contribution to the academic training of students, for this, a methodology with a quantitative, non-experimental approach was used, through which information was collected that allowed to know the perception of practicing teachers. The main results indicate that its main contribution is in the conceptual field; however, it presents deficiencies in terms of some relevant aspects for a good development of learning. It is concluded that this organization of objectives has been fairly well received by teachers, although in its application it represents a contribution to the training process.

RESUMO Os processos educacionais sofreram muitas mudanças devido à pandemia de Covid-19, tentando manter sua continuidade por meio de aulas virtuais. Para facilitar este trabalho, o Ministério da Educação do Chile estabelece a Priorização Curricular que visa responder às várias dificuldades e problemas no campo educacional que surgem devido à paralisação das aulas presenciais causadas pela crise da saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi saber se a priorização curricular em Educação Física e Saúde é uma contribuição para a formação acadêmica dos alunos, para isso, foi utilizada uma metodologia com abordagem quantitativa, não experimental, por meio da qual foram coletadas informações que permitiu conhecer a percepção dos professores atuantes. Os resultados indicam que sua principal contribuição está no campo conceitual, porém, apresenta deficiências em alguns aspectos relevantes para um bom desenvolvimento da aprendizagem. Conclui-se que esta organização de objetivos tem sido moderadamente bem recebida pelos docentes, embora represente um contributo para o processo de formação na sua aplicação.

Priorização de projetos de recursos hídricos sob a perspectiva de modelos de apoio à decisão multicritério: uma revisão sistemática / Prioritization of water resources projects from the perspective of multicriteria decision aid models: a systematic review

Resumo Este estudo apresenta a análise da literatura científica quanto à aplicação de modelos de apoio à decisão multicritério na priorização de projetos de recursos hídricos, por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa caracteriza-se como diagnóstico-descritiva. Para a realização da revisão sistemática, seguiu-se o protocolo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. No que tange à análise dos dados, após o levantamento do portfólio bibliográfico, realizou-se uma bibliometria com o auxílio dos softwares VOSviewer e UCINET 6 em conjunto com o NetDraw, e posteriormente se procedeu à metassíntese. Como principais resultados, percebeu-se: (i) uma carência na produção científica sobre o tema investigado (23 artigos); (ii) a recorrente aplicação de métodos de apoio à decisão multicritério na priorização de projetos de recursos hídricos; (iii) o destaque para o governo e companhias de saneamento com setores de maior interesse em projetos de recursos hídricos; (iv) a falta de informação sobre os atores envolvidos na priorização dos projetos e as técnicas que apoiam o consenso da decisão; e (v) além da preocupação econômica, a importância que vem sendo dada às dimensões social e ambiental. A contribuição prática deste estudo é dada pelo conhecimento gerado para as companhias e instituições que desejem realizar a priorização de projetos de recursos hídricos, uma vez que são exibidas metodologias, técnicas, dimensões e critérios que vêm sendo considerados cientificamente na priorização de projetos no setor de recursos hídricos. Já a contribuição teórica é realizada por meio da apresentação de um panorama atual do tema objeto de estudo, de forma a permitir a identificação de lacunas e apontando áreas em desenvolvimento para pesquisas futuras.

Abstract This study presents the analysis of the scientific literature on the application of multicriteria decision aid models in the prioritization of water resources projects through a systematic review. Methodologically, the research is characterized as descriptive diagnosis. For the systematic review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol was followed. Regarding data analysis, after surveying a bibliographic portfolio, a bibliometry was carried out with the aid of VOSviewer and UCINET 6 software, in addition to NetDraw software; subsequently, a metasynthesis was performed. As main results, the following aspects were observed: (i) lack of scientific production on the investigated topic (23 articles); (ii) recurring application of multicriteria decision aid methods in prioritizing water resource projects; (iii) emphasis on the government and sanitation companies with sectors of greatest interest in water resources projects; (iv) lack of information about the actors involved in the prioritization of projects and the techniques that support the decision consensus; and (v) in addition to the economic concern, the importance that has been given to social and environmental dimensions. The practical contribution of this study consists in the knowledge generated for companies and institutions that intend to prioritize water resource projects, as this study presents the methodologies, techniques, dimensions, and criteria that have been scientifically considered in the prioritization of projects in the water resources sector. The theoretical contribution consists in the presentation of a current overview of the topic under study, in such a way to allow the identification of gaps and indicating areas under development for future research.

Prioritization of the policies and practices applied in Turkey to fight against covid-19 through AHP technique / Priorização das políticas e práticas aplicadas na Turquia para o combate ao covid-19 através da técnica AHP

Abstract Concerns about covid-19 become deeper globally. Due to these concerns, all countries, international health institutions, health authorities and health care professionals in the world take several measures through policies or practices to control and handle covid-19 pandemic. For example; different types of policies in the fight against covid-19 have been launched in Turkey. Therefore, in this study, we sought to determine how policies and practices against covid-19 were prioritized by health care professionals and other segments of society via AHP method. We observed that the order of importance of health care professionals and other segments of the society regarding the policies and practices used in combating the covid-19 outbreak was quite similar between the groups. The covid-19 test policy was revealed as the most important one of both groups. However, social welfare programs have more significance than economic measures for society, while health care professionals are more concerned with economic measures. With this study, we intend to provide evidence-based information to decision-makers in combating the pandemic.

Resumo As preocupações com a covid-19 se aprofundam globalmente. Devido a essas preocupações, todos os países, instituições internacionais de saúde, autoridades de saúde e profissionais de saúde em todo o mundo tomam várias medidas por meio de políticas ou práticas para controlar e lidar com a pandemia de covid-19. Por exemplo, diferentes tipos de políticas na luta contra a covid-19 foram lançados na Turquia. Portanto, neste estudo, o objetivo é determinar como as políticas e práticas contra a covid-19 foram priorizadas pelos profissionais de saúde e outros segmentos da sociedade por meio do método AHP. De acordo com os resultados, foi observado que a ordem de importância dos profissionais de saúde e demais segmentos da sociedade quanto às políticas e práticas utilizadas no combate ao surto de covid-19 foi bastante semelhante. A política de teste da covid-19 foi apresentada como a política mais importante de ambos os grupos, no entanto, os programas de bem-estar social têm mais importância do que as medidas econômicas para a sociedade, enquanto os profissionais de saúde se preocupam mais com as medidas econômicas. Com este estudo, pretendemos que as informações baseadas em evidências serão fornecidas para os tomadores de decisão no combate à pandemia.

2．Consideration of Signal Management Process / 薬剤疫学

In the EU, signal management guideline is defined as GVP Module Ⅸ “Signal Management”, where the signal management is defined as a set of activities performed to determine whether, based on an examination individual case safety reports (ICSRs), aggregated data from active surveillance systems or studies, scientific literature information or other data sources, there are new risks associated with an active substance or a medicinal product or whether known risks have changed, as well as any related recommendations, decisions, communications and tracking. The EU signal management process includes the following activities : signal detection, signal validation, signal confirmation, signal analysis and prioritisation, signal assessment and recommendation for action.WHO and FDA have also published similar guidance in various documents. Furthermore, the social medial has become another source of signal. It is also very important to review preapproval clinical trial data. This is because, in recent years, there are increased number of drugs with a major problem due to cardiovascular risk or suicide, but such signals often appeared in clinical trial data.Traditional qualitative signal detection method is fundamental to signal detection. However, for regulators that have to monitor all drugs, statistical signal detection and its prioritization are indispensable and various methods have been implemented. For pharmaceutical companies, the need for prioritization itself is small, but the concept is very helpful in the planning of subsequent measures.In signal evaluation, post-authorization safety study in EU and postmarketing requirement in FDA are very important. For regulatory notification of recommended actions, one should consider signal prioritization elements.In Japan, the routine pharmacovigilance activities sufficient within the scope of local GVP as the enforcement regulations of the PMR Law. But for future routine pharmacovigilance activities, we must work on signal detection and evaluation of signals which are difficult to detect including cardiovascular risk, suicide, and carcinogenesis.

Phenotype-based gene analyzer applied to the genetics of microtia / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective@#Microtia is a relatively common birth defect, and its etiology is still unclear. In this paper, Phenolyzer, a kind of phenotype-based gene analyzer, was used to prioritize candidate genes involved in microtia.@*Methods@#The search term " Microtia" was entered in the Phenolyzer interface. Through the steps of disease matching, gene query, gene scoring, seed gene expansion, the genetic information results of microtia were finally generated. This article traced 10 candidate genes in detail.@*Results@#There were 13485 genes associated with microtia or related syndromes, of which 130 were seed genes. Each gene had a corresponding score, and the higher the score, the greater the correlation with the microtia. Among them, the top 10 genes included HOXA2, CHD7, CDT1, CDC6, ORC1, ORC4, ORC6, SMAD4, GLI3 and MED12.@*Conclusions@#Phenolyzer provides a detailed summary of candidate genes for microtia, providing accurate research directions for screening high-throughput sequencing results and subsequent studies.

Uma agenda de pesquisa para a Atenção Primária à Saúde no estado de São Paulo, Brasil: o estudo ELECT / A research agenda for Primary Health Care in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil: the ELECT study / Una agenda de investigación para la Atención Primaria de Salud en el estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil: el estudio ELECT

A consolidação da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) requer políticas públicas embasadas por evidências científicas. Este artigo apresenta o estudo ELECT, cujo objetivo foi identificar temas prioritários de pesquisa para a fortalecimento da APS no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Com a participação de especialistas e de um grupo focal com usuários, foi obtida uma lista com os vinte principais obstáculos, bem como dez temas de pesquisa prioritários, na APS. Os resultados apontam para problemas e temas de pesquisas relacionados à: organização da gestão, capacitação de profissionais e gestores, valorização profissional, criação de mecanismos de colaboração entre equipes de saúde e informatização dos recursos. Espera-se, assim, estimular o debate no contexto da APS sobre o papel da priorização de pesquisas, seus obstáculos e proposições de pesquisa. Almeja-se, também, estimular a adoção de modelos mais participativos de seleção de temas de pesquisa.(AU)

The consolidation of Primary Health Care (PHC) requires public policies based on scientific evidence. This paper presents the ELECT study, aimed to identify priority research themes for strengthening PHC in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A list of the twenty main obstacles and ten priority research themes in PHC were obtained with participation of specialists and a focus group with users. The results point to problems and research issues related to organizational management, training of professionals and managers, professional development, creation of cooperation mechanisms between health teams and computerization of resources. It is expected to stimulate debate in the context of the PHC on the role of research prioritization, its obstacles and research propositions. It also aims to encourage the adoption of more participatory models of selection of research topics.(AU)

La solidificación de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) requiere políticas públicas con base en evidencias científicas. Este artículo presenta el estudio ELECT, cuyo objetivo fue identificar temas prioritarios de investigación para el fortalecimiento de la APS en el estado de São Paulo. Con la participación de especialistas y de un grupo de opinión formado por usuarios, se obtuvo una lista con los veinte principales obstáculos, así como diez temas de investigación prioritarios en la APS. Los resultados señalan problemas y temas de investigación relacionados a la organización de la gestión, la capacitación de profesionales y gestores, la valorización profesional, la creación de mecanismos de colaboración entre equipos de salud e informatización de los recursos. Se espera por lo tanto incentivar el debate en el contexto de la APS sobre el papel de la priorización de investigaciones, sus obstáculos y propuestas de investigación. Se anhela también incentivar la adopción de modelos más participativos de selección de temas de investigación.(AU)

Reprioritizing government spending on health: pushing an elephant up the stairs.

Countries vary widely with respect to the share of government spending on health, a metric that can serve as a proxy for the extent to which health is prioritized by governments. World Health Organization (WHO) data estimate that, in 2011, health’s share of aggregate government expenditure averaged 12% in the 170 countries for which data were available. However, country differences were striking: ranging from a low of 1% in Myanmar to a high of 28% in Costa Rica. Some of the observed differences in health’s share of government spending across countries are unsurprisingly related to differences in national income. However, significant variations exist in health’s share of government spending even after controlling for national income. This paper provides a global overview of health’s share of government spending and summarizes some of the key theoretical and empirical perspectives on allocation of public resources to health vis-à-vis other sectors from the perspective of reprioritization, one of the modalities for realizing fiscal space for health. The paper argues that theory and cross-country empirical analyses do not provide clear-cut explanations for the observed variations in government prioritization of health. Standard economic theory arguments that are often used to justify public financing for health are equally applicable to many other sectors including defence, education and infrastructure. To date, empirical work on prioritization has been sparse: available cross-country econometric analyses suggest that factors such as democratization, lower levels of corruption, ethnolinguistic homogeneity and more women in public office are correlated with higher shares of public spending on health; however, these findings are not robust and are sensitive to model specification. Evidence from case studies suggests that country-specific political economy considerations are key, and that results-focused reform efforts – in particular efforts to explicitly expand the breadth and depth of health coverage as opposed to efforts focused only on government budgetary benchmarking targets – are more likely to result in sustained and politically feasible prioritization of health from a fiscal space perspective.

Governance on priority setting of health resource allocation:International research review and its implication for China / 中国卫生政策研究

Priority setting of health resource allocation depends on effective and comprehensive government-based stewardship, the national research of which lacks comprehensive considerations. The paper articulates the trend of western research from solo economic analysis to a combined comprehension of political economies, systemic con-straints and health financing, to consider the scope, strategy and enforced framework for government rationing within a larger organizational and political context. In the health decision-making practice, the best formula for interdiscipli-nary tools is a test of stewardship capacity. A multi-disciplinary approach from the perspectives of politics, health e-conomies, philosophy, law and evidence-based medicine must be adopted for the priority setting of health resource al-location. Finally, a clear stewardship phased objective is proposed as well as strategies, with emphasis on health de-cisions from “stewardship as structure” to “stewardship as a process” with challenges that lie ahead.

Planejamento estratégico e priorização de projetos em uma instituição pública de saúde: o caso da Fiocruz-PR / Strategic planning and prioritization projects in an institution of public health: the case of Fiocruz-PR

A pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação no Brasil é desenvolvida essencialmente por instituições públicas como a Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, referência internacional em sua área de atuação. Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar a percepção dos agentes envolvidos com o planejamento estratégico da Fiocruz-PR sobre o alinhamento entre a estratégia e os critérios de priorização de projetos de pesquisa na instituição. A metodologia escolhida foi o estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa por meio de entrevistas não estruturadas e aplicação de questionários semiestruturados com agentes envolvidos diretamente nos processos de planejamento estratégico e de priorização de projetos da instituição. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três fases: exploratória, descritiva e analítica. A partir das análises constatou-se a Fiocruz-PR possui processos de planejamento estratégico e de priorização de projetos bem-estruturados, com equipes qualificadas e com etapas bem-definidas, porém, o alinhamento entre as estratégias traçadas e os projetos priorizados é fundamentado nos interesses e demandas de um único ator, ou seja, o Governo Federal. Há carência de inclusão de processos que incluam os interesses da sociedade no processo de planejamento e priorização da pesquisa, fortalecendo a função do contrato político entre a instituição e a sociedade...

From the analysis it was found the Fiocruz-PR has strategic planning processes and prioritization of projects well structured, with teams qualified and with well-defined steps, however, the alignment The research, development and innovation is developed primarily by public institutions in Brazil, as the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, considered an international benchmark in their area of expertise. The objective of this research was to analyze the perception of the agents involved in the strategic planning of Fiocruz over the process of alignment between the strategy and the criteria for prioritization of research projects at Fiocruz-PR. The methodology chosen was the case study with a qualitative approach through unstructured interviews and semi-structured questionnaires with agents directly involved in the processes of strategic planning and prioritization of projects of the institution. The research was carried out in three stages: exploratory, descriptive, and analytic. Between the strategies outlined and the prioritized projects is based on the interests and demands of a single actor, i.e. the Federal Government. There is lack of inclusion of processes that involve the interests of society in the process of planning and prioritization of research, strengthening the role of the political agreement between the institution and the society...

Procura da emergência pediátrica pelas mães: implicações para a superlotação / Mothers searching for pediatric emergency: implication on overcrowding at the emergency units

O estudo objetivou traçar o perfil das crianças e adolescentes que buscam o atendimento no Centro de Assistência à Criança Dra. Lúcia de Fátima Rodrigues Guimarães Sá (CAC), em Fortaleza/Ceará, descrever os vínculos com os serviços de atenção básica e as justificativas das mães pela procura do serviço de emergência. Estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado no período de 1º a 31 de maio de 2011, cuja amostra foi constituída por 211 participantes. Uma parcela de 47,4% dos atendimentos foi classificada como patologias que poderiam ser conduzidas na atenção básica. A procura das mães pela emergência pediátrica foi justificada pela qualidade do atendimento, pela acessibilidade e, em algumas ocasiões, pela ausência do médico na Unidade Básica de Saúde.

The study aimed to outline the profile of children and adolescents who seek care at the Child Care Center Dr. Lucia de Fatima Rodrigues Guimarães Sá (Centro de Assistência à Criança - CAC), in Fortaleza / Ceará, describe the links with primary care services and the justifications of mothers looking for emergency service. Descriptive transversal study, conducted from 1 to 31 May 2011, whose sample consisted of 211 participants. A portion of 47.4% of visits were classified as pathologies that could be conducted in primary care. The search of mothers for pediatric emergency was justified by the quality of care, the accessibility and, in some instances, the lack of doctors in the Basic Health Units.

A Primer for Disease Gene Prioritization Using Next-Generation Sequencing Data

High-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology produces a tremendous amount of raw sequence data. The challenges for researchers are to process the raw data, to map the sequences to genome, to discover variants that are different from the reference genome, and to prioritize/rank the variants for the question of interest. The recent development of many computational algorithms and programs has vastly improved the ability to translate sequence data into valuable information for disease gene identification. However, the NGS data analysis is complex and could be overwhelming for researchers who are not familiar with the process. Here, we outline the analysis pipeline and describe some of the most commonly used principles and tools for analyzing NGS data for disease gene identification.

Review of Biological Network Data and Its Applications

Studying biological networks, such as protein-protein interactions, is key to understanding complex biological activities. Various types of large-scale biological datasets have been collected and analyzed with high-throughput technologies, including DNA microarray, next-generation sequencing, and the two-hybrid screening system, for this purpose. In this review, we focus on network-based approaches that help in understanding biological systems and identifying biological functions. Accordingly, this paper covers two major topics in network biology: reconstruction of gene regulatory networks and network-based applications, including protein function prediction, disease gene prioritization, and network-based genome-wide association study.