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Induced sputum testing is a non-invasive test that reflects the nature and extent of airway inflammation and plays an important role in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of chronic airway diseases. This article outlines the development history of induced sputum technology, introduces the principle and operation of induced sputum technology, evaluates its safety, summarizes the three main test components, elaborates the role of this technology in various chronic airway diseases, such as reflecting the type of airway inflammation, predicting the efficacy of medication, and combining it with transcriptomics to study disease mechanisms, and briefly summarizes its innovations and makes a vision for the future.
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SUMMARY: The integration of artificial intelligence in veterinary medical education has the potential to revolutionize the way students learn veterinary anatomy. ChatGPT, launched by OpenAI in November 2022, has been the fastest-growing artificial intelligence (AI) application as a learning tool in the past few months. ChatGPT is a virtual assistant that provides students with detailed and relevant anatomical knowledge based on internet sources. Apart from the advantages of ChatGPT in veterinary anatomy education, the challenges and limitations must also be considered, as highlighted in this letter. Further research and evaluation are necessary to ensure the optimal integration of the ChatGPT tool into veterinary anatomy education. ChatGPT can provide students with valuable insights and educational support but cannot replace hands-on experiences; dissection-based laboratory sessions remain essential for developing practical skills and spatial understanding in veterinary anatomy education.
La integración de la inteligencia artificial en la educación médica veterinaria tiene el potencial de revolucionar la forma en que los estudiantes aprenden anatomía veterinaria. ChatGPT, lanzado por OpenAI en noviembre de 2022, ha sido la aplicación de inteligencia artificial (IA) de más rápido crecimiento como herramienta de aprendizaje en los últimos meses. ChatGPT es un asistente virtual que brinda a los estudiantes conocimientos anatómicos detallados y relevantes basados en fuentes de Internet. Además de las ventajas de ChatGPT en la educación en anatomía veterinaria, también se deben considerar los desafíos y las limitaciones, como se destaca en esta carta. Se necesitan más investigaciones y evaluaciones para garantizar la integración óptima de la herramienta ChatGPT en la educación en anatomía veterinaria. ChatGPT puede proporcionar a los estudiantes información valiosa y apoyo educativo, pero no puede reemplazar las experiencias prácticas. Las sesiones de laboratorio basadas en disecciones siguen siendo esenciales para desarrollar habilidades prácticas y comprensión espacial en la educación de la anatomía veterinaria.
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Humanos , Inteligencia Artificial , Anatomía Veterinaria/educaciónRESUMEN
Long-term use of topical intraocular pressure-lowering medications, particularly those containing preservatives, may cause or worsen ocular surface diseases, which may ultimately reduce patient tolerance and compliance, increase surgical risk, and compromise treatment efficacy.Therefore, long-term management of glaucoma requires the consideration of various factors such as efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness.Recently, the use of preservative-free (PF) intraocular pressure-lowering drugs has been gaining considerable attention in research as a means to avoid the toxicity of preservatives on ocular health.These drugs have similar pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence to their corresponding preservative-containing drugs.In addition, the manufacturing process of PF medications can reduce the incidence of ocular surface diseases, improve patient symptoms, and increase treatment effectiveness, indicating extensive potential applications.This review focuses on the development and clinical use of PF intraocular pressure-lowering drugs, aiming to deepen clinicians' understanding of their use.
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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a genetically heterogeneous group of connective tissue diseases that are commonly characterized by chronic joint synovial inflammation with unknown etiology in childhood.It is cu-rrently incurable and the main therapeutic goal is to achieve clinical remission.The drugs currently used to treat JIA mainly include non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoid, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, and biological agents.In this article, recent advances in the understanding of JIA treatment and related clinical research were reviewed, in an attempt to provide prospects for the future direction of drug development and treatment concepts.
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In recent years, China has been vigorously promoting the construction of medical informatization, with ever improving share and interoperability model of medical and health care big data centering on electronic health records. Current problems in the management and utilization of electronic health records were found in such aspects as hidden risk exposure in the centralized data storage, poor access in data sharing, and poor distribution of rights and interests. These problems can be tackled effectively by the distributed storage, efficient secret data sharing, on-demand collaborative intelligent computing and other features of blockchain technology. The blockchain technology is still immature to use in medical archiving, and large-scale application of electronic health archives blockchain faces challengs in technology, governance and operation. The authors suggest to enhance scientific research on blockchain technology, improve the construction of blockchain application enabling system, and to launch the pilot project of health archives blockchain.
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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused instability in the education system and has compelled higher education institutions (HEIs) to find alternative ways of teaching and learning by making use of the latest online teaching approaches. Aim: The purpose of the study was to explore how COVID-19 could serve as an enabler for the enhancement of online learning and teaching skills for nurse educators at the University of Namibia with specific emphasis on prospects and challenges. Setting: Semi-structured interviews were conducted in English at a public nursing education institution located in the northeast of Namibia. Methods: A qualitative explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was used. Data were collected by means of in-depth semi-structured interviews with 18 nurse educators from the School of Nursing. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Field notes were simultaneously taken to enrich the data. Results: The study revealed three themes: nurse educators' experiences of the use of online learning and teaching skills, COVID-19 as an enabler for enhancing online learning and teaching skills and strategies to sustain online teaching and learning. Conclusion: Internet technology has generated a surge in demand for web-based teaching and learning. The online learning mode was not effectively utilised during the COVID-19 era because of inadequate technological skills on the part of nurse educators. Contribution: These findings can be used by universities to equip students and academic staff with skills to adapt to e-learning as the new modus operandi in learning and teaching in the post-COVID-19 era.
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Estudiantes de Enfermería , Educación a Distancia , Educación en Enfermería , COVID-19 , PandemiasRESUMEN
RESUMEN Se presentan los resultados de una investigación cualitativa a nivel de maestría orientada a identificar las perspectivas didácticas y curriculares de las salidas de campo inmersas en las Licenciaturas en Ciencias Sociales en el Caribe Colombiano (Universidad de Córdoba, Universidad de Cartagena y Universidad del Atlántico) que conlleven a un conocimiento de la realidad del acto educativo en relación con la formación del nuevo maestro, teniendo en cuenta los requerimientos y necesidades del contexto. El estudio implementó como técnica de recolección de la información las entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes, estudiantes y directivos de las Instituciones de Educación Superior y la revisión documental de lineamientos curriculares y disposiciones normativas para los programas de formación de docentes en Colombia. En este sentido, se identificaron siete perspectivas didácticas y curriculares: academicista, sistémica, formativa, integradora, transversal, desarrolladora y transformadora. Las cuales surgieron a partir de las apreciaciones de las voces de los docentes, directivos y estudiantes de las tres universidades participantes.
ABSTRACT This article presents a reflection from a qualitative research at the master's level, focused on characterizing the didactic and curricular perspectives of field trips in training programs in Social Sciences in the Colombian Caribbean (University of Córdoba, University of Cartagena and Universidad del Atlántico), in order to re-signify the foundations of the training process of the new Bachelor of Social Sciences, taking into account the requirements and needs °f the context. The study implemented as a data collection technique, semi-structured interviews with teachers, students and directors of the participating educational institutions and the documentary review of curricular guidelines and normative provisions for teacher training programs in Colombia. In this sense seven didactic and curricular perspectives were identified (7): academic, systemic, formative, integrating, transversal, developing and transforming, which arose from the appreciations of the voices of the teachers, managers and students of the three participating universities.
RESUMO Apresentam-se os resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa em nível de mestrado com o objetivo de identificar as perspectivas didáticas e curriculares das viagens de campo imersas nos cursos de Bacharelado em Ciências Sociais no Caribe colombiano (Universidade de Córdoba, Universidade de Cartagena e Universidade do Atlântico) que levam ao conhecimento da realidade do ato educativo em relação à formação do novo professor; levando em consideração as exigências e necessidades do contexto. O estudo implementou entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores, alunos e diretores de instituições de ensino superior, e a revisão documental das diretrizes curriculares e disposições normativas para programas de formação de professores na Colômbia como uma técnica de coleta de informações. Nesse sentido, foram identificadas sete perspectivas didáticas e curriculares: acadêmica, sistêmica, formativa, integrativa, transversal, desenvolvedora e transformadora. Que surgiram a partir da apreciação das vozes de professores, gestores e alunos das três universidades participantes.
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The exploration and representative achievements of Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences are reviewed during the past 70 years since its foundation in the basic research field, e.g. theoretic innovation, literature research, cultural relic study and museum construction, as well as acupuncture-moxibustion standardization. Besides, the analysis is conducted on the relevant aspects that needs to be improved or enhanced. Facing the future and reviewing the original aspiration, the approaches to the new journey of inheritance and innovation in Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion have been explored, i.e. discovering rules, creating innovation methods, constructing platform and refining essence.
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Acupuntura , Terapia por Acupuntura , China , Medicina Tradicional de Asia Oriental , MoxibustiónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Non-coding RNA is widely distributed in the nervous system in vivo and a significant change in the expression of non-coding RNA has been observed in a neural injury model. This suggests that non-coding RNA may serve as a potential target for resolving the challenges of peripheral nerve repair. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the mechanisms of microRNA, circular RNA and long non-coding RNA in the process of repair after peripheral nerve injury with the attempt to determine the possible treatment of peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: The first author retrieved the relevant literatures in CNKI and PubMed databases published from January 2001 to April 2019. The key words were “non-coding RNA, miRNA, circRNA, IncRNA, peripheral nerve injury” in Chinese and English, respectively. Forty-three literatures were included in accordance with the exclusion and inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) MicroRNAs can act on certain signal pathways, regulate the apoptosis, growth, proliferation and differentiation of Schwann cells and participate in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. (2) Circular RNAs act as microRNA sponges to competitively inhibit the transcription in microRNA, and exert corresponding biological functions. (3) A large amount of long non-coding RNAs are expressed after peripheral nerve injury, and play a key role in the peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Humans have evolved and adapted as a social being and it has ensured the survival of all. The novel corona virus, COVID 19 has impacted the psychosocial functioning of billions of people around the world. The various impacts it might have on different categories of people over a period of time is one of the main concerns of the World Health Organisation. College students are vulnerable and are more prone to psychological problems due to the prolonged stress experienced by them during this period of uncertainty and social isolation. We wanted to analyse the level of perceived stress among college students in India and the impact of this sudden break in studies and social distancing has on them. We also wanted to study the number of mental setbacks the college students experience because of their financial situation and their future job prospects during this lockdown. METHODSAn online survey was conducted among the college students in India. A total of 775 responses were analysed for the level of perceived stress using the perceived stress scale. The psychological impact caused by the lockdown was analysed through statements regarding the amount of worry they felt across various aspects of their life such as economic stability, missing friends during lockdown, use of mobile phone for connecting with people, continuation of education and impact of Covid 19 on future job prospects. RESULTSCollege students were experiencing significant amount of stress as measured by the perceived stress (PS) scale with 11.5 % experiencing high stress and 81.2 % students experiencing moderate amount of stress. The perceived stress was found to be significantly associated with worry regarding education, job prospects being affected by the Covid 19 situation and the reduction of time spent with their peers. CONCLUSIONSCollege students are experiencing moderate to high level of stress in the context of the pandemic situation and preventive and protective measures have to be taken by the college administration to address these issues. More targeted assessments needs to be done in colleges to assess the mental health of its student population and protective measures like counselling services should be made to vulnerable students as they try to handle the stress associated with the current pandemic situation.