Study on diagnosis of prostate cancer by PAP combined with PSA and the effect of estrogen / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the serum levels of PSA, PAP joint detection in diagnosis of prostate cancer and the effect of estrogen on it.Methods60 patients with prostate cancer were selected in Jinyun County People's Hospital department of urology patients, giving diethylstilbestrol 3mg, oral once a day, and give Aspirin Enteric-coated Sustained Release Tablets 100mg oral, once daily, for 2 consecutive months.At the same time, we selected 60 cases of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, normal control group of 60 healthy subjects were the same period.Using radioimmunoassay, were observed inprostatic hyperplasia group, normal control group, the prostate cancer group before treatment, the prostate cancer group after treatment, serum PSA, PAP levels, as well as the group before and after treatment in patients with prostate cancer IPSS score index.ResultsThe prostate cancer group, serum PSA, PAP levels were significantly higher than that of benign prostatic hyperplasia group and normal control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);no significant difference was found between the prostatic hyperplasia group and normal control group, PSA in prostate cancer positive detection rate and the detection sensitivity is 78.33% the specificity was 70%, the index of PAP in prostate cancer, and the positive detection rate and the detection sensitivity was 53.33%, specificity index reached 93.33%;PSA for prostate cancer detection positive rate and sensitivity was higher than that of PAP, but the specificity is less than PAP, the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05) after treatment;the prostate cancer group, serum PSA, PAP levels were improved, compared with that before treatment, serum PSA, PAP levels decreased significantly, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);and after the treatment, the prostate cancer group of prostate symptoms have improved, compared with before treatment, IPSS score decreased significantly, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionThe combined detection of serum PSA, PAP in the diagnosis of prostate cancer can improve the sensitivity and specificity, and can be used for early diagnosis of prostate cancer;estrogen can lower their level, improve the symptoms of prostate cancer, inhibit the progress of the disease.

Combined Oral Arginine and Monosodium Glutamate Exposure Induces Adverse Response on the Prostate Function and Testis Histology of Rats.

Aims: This study investigated the effect of exposure to arginine (ARG) and glutamate (GLU), or its variant, monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the prostate function and testis histology of rats. Study Design: Exposure to either ARG, GLU, monosodium glutamate (MSG), ARG plus GLU or ARG plus MSG was per oral for 4 consecutive weeks. On the last day of the experiment, rats were food-deprived for 15 h before collecting their blood and testis samples. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry and Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria, between June 2005 and June 2006. Methodology: Total and prostatic acid phosphatase activities in serum were determined by the method of Walter and Schutt. Testis sections were stained and mounted using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), for histology. Results: On comparison with control, the results showed that ARG, GLU, or arginine together with monosodium glutamate (ARG+MSG) induced a significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01) elevation whereas, ARG+GLU caused a reduction (p<0.05 and p<0.01), in serum total acid phosphatase (TAP) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) activities. MSGinduced reduction in TAP activity (20.76 ± 0.18 I.U/L), however, was not statistically significant (p>0.05 and p>0.01). Histological examination of the testis sections revealed varying degree of degeneration characterized by necrosis in ARG+GLU and ARG+MSG groups relative to control and ARG, GLU or MSG groups. Conclusion: Results may indicate variable treatment related adverse effect on the prostate function and the testis histology of the rats. The possible effect, however, appeared higher following concomitant exposure to ARG and MSG. Thus, caution should be exercised in the simultaneous ingestion of arginine and monosodium glutamate in animals. Further work however, is required to address some shortcomings (including small sample size) of this study to validate reliability.

Emerging Roles of Human Prostatic Acid Phosphatase

Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent non-skin related cancers. It is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among males in most Western countries. If prostate cancer is diagnosed in its early stages, there is a higher probability that it will be completely cured. Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is a non-specific phosphomonoesterase synthesized in prostate epithelial cells and its level proportionally increases with prostate cancer progression. PAP was the biochemical diagnostic mainstay for prostate cancer until the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) which improved the detection of early-stage prostate cancer and largely displaced PAP. Recently, however, there is a renewed interest in PAP because of its usefulness in prognosticating intermediate to high-risk prostate cancers and its success in the immunotherapy of prostate cancer. Although PAP is believed to be a key regulator of prostate cell growth, its exact role in normal prostate as well as detailed molecular mechanism of PAP regulation is still unclear. Here, many different aspects of PAP in prostate cancer are revisited and its emerging roles in other environment are discussed.

Locally Confined Primary Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate with Immunohistochemical Analysis.

A case of locally confined primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the prostate in an 85 years old male with complaints of retention of urine, dysuria and frequent nocturia is reported. On per rectal digital examination, hard nodular prostate of grade 3 enlargement was palpated. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was 33.7ng/ ml. Chest x-ray and computed tomography of the pelvis was negative for metastatic disease. Hematological and biochemical investigations were within normal limits. Transurethral prostatic biopsy was done and histopathology revealed the diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) with bilateral orchidectomy along with radiotherapy was selected as modality of treatment. After histopathological examination of TURP specimen with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) and Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain, a diagnosis of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of prostate was given which was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis.

Universidade Estadual Paulista

Serum and urinary prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) from 20 dogs were measured. PAP and PSA tests were carried out in authomatized equipment with commercial kits used for humans. Mean PAP serum value was 0.7U/l and urinary 0.1U/l. Mean serum and urinary PSA were 0.005ng/dl and 0.004ng/dl, respectively. In vivo determination of these two biomarkers in dogs is a new form of diagnosis in veterinary medicine and these values should be correlated with the morphological lesion of the prostate gland.

Realizaram-se mensurações sérica e urinária de fosfatase ácida prostática (PAP) e antígeno prostático específico (PSA) de 20 cães. Os testes de PAP e PSA foram feitos em um equipamento automatizado, com o uso de kits comerciais para humanos. A média de PAP sérico foi de 0,7U/l e urinário 0,U/l. As médias do PSA sérico e urinário foram 0,005ng/dL e 0,004ng/dl, respectivamente. A determinação do dois biomarcadores in vivo é uma nova opção de diagnóstico na medicina veterinária e os valores obtidos devem ser correlacionados com a lesão morfológica da próstata.

Clinical Usefulness of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase in Prostate Cancer : A Comparative Study with Prostate Specific Antigen / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of PAP in staging and monitoring of patient with prostate cancer, we performed a comparative study with PSA, retrospectively. METHODS: We evaluated 72 patients with prostate cancer. Of these patients 11 had stage A, 6 stage B, 10 stage C, 5 stage D1 and 40 stage D2 prostate cancer. Serum PAP level was measured in all 72 patients and serum PSA level was measured concomitantly in 42 patients. RESULTS: The mean initial PAP value was 13.40+/- 7.00 U/L. But only 40 (55.6%) had elevated PAP value above 1.5U/L at presentation. Of 55 advanced cases (stage C, D), 39 (76.9%) had elevated PAP values. Of the 42 patients, who underwent longitudinal PSA assessment, the mean initial PSA value was 178.0 +/- 33.3 ng/ml. Forty (95.2%) had elevated PSA value above 4 ng/ml at presentation. Of 41 advanced cases (stage C, D1, D2), 33 (80.5%) exceeded 50 ng/ml. None of the patient had elevated PAP value with normal PSA value at presentation. Among 42 patients, who had followed with longitudinal serum PSA and PAP, progression of the disease to the bone, lung, and rectum occurred in 26 patients; in all PSA was the first indicator of progression and in none of them PAP anticipated PSA elevation. CONCLUSIONS: Although PAP value usually reflects advanced prostate cancer (70.9%), serum PSA also reflects it (80.5%). Serum PSA monitoring is superior to serum PAP monitoring in predicting disease progression. The use of PSA and PAP jointly to stage and monitor prostate cancer did not appear to enhance the clinical utility over that of PSA alone.

Absorption of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase During Transurethral Prostatectomy / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Transurethral prostatic surgery has been recognized to produce elevation of serum acid phosphatase. To evaluate the mechanism of this, we studied the prostatic acid phosphatase level of serum and irrigant solution used during transurethral prostatic resection were measured immediately postoperatively in 16 patients. The mean prostatic acid phosphatase of the irrigant solution was 66.26U/1 (S.D. 53.58) and the mean elevation of serum prostatic acid phosphatase was 12.89 U/1 (S.D. 12.08). The degree of transient elevation of serum prostatic acid phosphatase level was correlated with the elevation of irrigant prostatic acid phosphatase level and the amount of absorbed irrigant solution based on changes in serum sodium (p<0.005). Also, the elevation of serum prostatic acid phosphatase was associated with the decrease of serum sodium (p<0.05). The above results suggest that absorption of irrigant solution allows the transport of prostatic tissue substances such as prostatic acid phosphatase, and the mechanism of the elevation of serum prostatic acid phosphatase is absorption of irrigant solution containing high concentration of prostatic acid phosphatase liberated during transurethral prostatic resection.

Radioimmunoassay of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase: Comparison with Enzymatic Assay / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Assay of serum acid phosphatase activity have become a routine and standard examination for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with prostatic carcinoma. However its value in these situation has become increasingly controversial. Herein we performed enzymatic assay and radioimmunoassay in 30 normal Korean males, 20 histologically diagnosed B. P. H patients and 15 patients with a histologic diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma. Bodansky method was used in enzymatic assay and its normal range was 0.1 U/dl. In radioimmunoassay the double-antibody method was used. The results of enzymatic assay in normal males were in within normal range. In radioimmunoassay the results were ranged 0.5-3.2ng/ml and the mean was 1. 65+/-0.62 ng/ml. The results of B. P. H. patients were in normal range by both methods. Three of 15 patients with prostatic carcinoma were in stage A or C and their values were within normal range by both methods. Among 12 patients with bony metastatic prostate carcinoma, the valus were elevated in 10 patients by enzymatic away, but were elevated in all patients by radioimmunoassay. There was no significant difference between two methods statistically (p >0.05). The elevated values were found in B. F. H. patients immediately following T. U. R. in 3 patients by radioimmunoassay In 4 patients with bony metastatic prostate carcinoma, the values were decreased following endocrine therapy. Assay of prostatic acid phosphatase are very important in differentiating the tumor stage and in follow-up. Considering a false-positive and false-negative rate, technical problem and cost-effectiveness, the radioimmunoassay is not better than enzymatic assay.