Qualitative characteristics and classification study on commodity specification and grade standard of Panax notoginseng / 中国中药杂志

Through the markets investigations and literature surveying, this paper investigates and analyzes the qualitative characteristics and commodity condition of Panax notoginseng. And the samples collected from market and origin were analyzed in order to revise the commodity specification and grade standard of P. notoginseng combined with production practice. In this paper, the authors divide the P. notoginseng into 4 commodity specification which are root (including Cunqi and Dongqi ), Rhizome and rootlet according to different parts and harvest time. And the root were divided into 8 grade which are 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 120, countless and substandard. The density and internal components between the different commodity specification and grade of P. notoginseng were also compared. As well as the effect of different producing area, cultivation years and harvesting time on the commodity specification and grade of P. notoginseng were researched. On this basis, we revise and improve the commodity specification and grade standard of P. notoginseng. Moreover, we suggest the quality control indexes of P. notoginseng should be developed according to the different medicinal part and commodity specification in CHP. In order to guide the standardized production of traditional Chinese medicine and ensure the quality of medicinal materials, the cultivation years and density of each medicinal materials should also be indicated in CHP.

An analysis of the numerical and qualitative characteristics of the adverb ābār in Bengali.

The present paper consists of a linguistic analysis of the various uses of the Bengali adverb ābār. This term denotes second occurrence or repetition; this is considered to be the primary usage of the term. However we find instances where this term is used in connection with nonrepetitive actions. These uses apparently are not in conformity with the fundamental sense of the term. Ābār in the second sense is an expletive. Through an in depth analysis of the apparently unrelated primary and expletive uses of this adverb, we have tried to bring out the unifying factor. We have attempted to demonstrate that all the uses of this adverb may be defined in terms of its numerical and qualitative characteristics.