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Objective: To develop and evaluate the mucoadhesive microsphere using combinations of natural polymers chitosan and xanthan gum for sustained release. Methods: In the present work mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by using natural polymers like chitosan and xanthan gum by using the emulsion chemical cross-linking method. Chemical cross-linking was done by using glutaraldehyde. The 22 factorial design was employed to show the effect of cross-linking agent and processing factor-like stirring and speed. Prepared microspheres were evaluated for their particle size, surface morphology, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, swelling index, and mucoadhesive strength. Results: The size of microspheres of factorial batches were in the range of 26-46 µm. The swelling index was showed in the range of 1.51-1.66 percentage. The equation of multiple regression revealed that there was significant interaction among factors. The glutaraldehyde concentration had a positive effect on % entrapment efficiency, % cumulative drug release and % mucoadhesion. Stirring speed showed a negative impact on % entrapment efficiency, % cumulative drug release and % mucoadhesion. The interactive effect of glutaraldehyde concentration and the stirring speed was found to be positive for % entrapment efficiency and % cumulative drug release. In vitro drug release study of optimized formulation F2 show 96 % of drug release with 6 h indicating sustained release behavior with diffusion mechanism. The SEM image of the optimized batch was spherical with a porous surface. Conclusion: The results obtained in this research work indicated that a promising potential of chitosan and xanthan gum combination for the preparation of the mucoadhesive microsphere of Racecadotril.
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Introduction: In clinical practice, nonspecific antidiarrhealsare most commonly used by clinicians along with routinetreatment to hasten the recovery. This study was conductedto to study the safety and tolerability of these nonspecificantidiarrheals in children with acute diarrhea.Material and Methods: This was a prospective, observationalstudy done in clinical settings for a period of 3 years at twopediatric clinics and at a tertiary care hospital. Children weredivided into 5 treatment groups (viz, control, racecadotril,Mebarid, Diarex and loperamide) at the discretion of thepediatrician. One questionnaire was provided to parents torecord the details about the course of diarrhea and parentswere sensitized to report any adverse event.Results: Overall occurrence of adverse events wassignificantly higher in racecadotril group (34.86%) comparedto other groups (C:23.16%, M:21.14%, D:17.95%, L:17.65%).Conclusion: These agents may be safe, effective andinexpensive addition to the routine treatment of acute diarrhea.
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Objective To investigate the effect of montmorillonite powder combined with racecadotril granules on serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2),interleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-10 (IL-10) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in children with rotavirus enteritis.Methods From June 2014 to July 2016,76 children with rotavirus enteritis in the People's Hospital of Pujiang County were selected and randomly divided into control group and study group according to the digital table,with 38 cases in each group.The two groups were given basic treatment after admission,on the basis,the control group was treated with montmorillonite powder,and the study group was treated with montmorillonite powder combined with racecadotril granules.The two groups were treated for 3 days.The clinical efficacy,clinical symptoms (stool,stool frequency,dehydration,vomiting,fever) recovery time,serum IL-2,IL-6,IL-10 and hs-CRP levels at admission and after treatment,and the incidence of adverse reactions were statistically compared between the two groups.Results The clinical efficacy of the study group (mild constipation,rash,nausea) was better than the control group[19 cases(50.00％) vs.11 cases(28.95％),16 cases(42.11％)vs.15 cases(39.47％),3 cases(7.89％) vs.12 cases(31.58％)],the difference was statistically significant(Z =2.358,P ＜ 0.05).The recovery time of stool character[(45.58 ± 10.11) h],stool frequency [(44.96 ± 10.03) h],dehydration[(33.15 ± 10.27)h],vomit[(18.16 ±6.46)h],and fever[(25.51 ± 10.32)h]of the study group were less than those of the control group(t =9.618,8.344,8.557,3.921,9.487,all P ＜ 0.05).The serum levels of IL-2,IL-6,IL-10 and hs-CRP before treatment between the two groups had no statistically significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).After treatment,the serum levels of IL-2 and IL-10 in the study group were higher than those in the control group,the serum levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP were lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(t =5.545,7.705,7.090,10.352,all P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reactions between the study group and the control group had no statistically significant difference(10.52％ vs.13.15％,x2 =0.000,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Montmorillonite powder combined with racecadotril granules in the treatment of rotavirus enteritis can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms,improve the serum inflammatory factors level,reduce the inflammatory reaction in vivo,improve the therapeutic effect and has high safety.
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Objective To observe the protective effect of Racecadotril combined with Succinate Injection on myocardial injury in children with rotavirus enteritis and explore its clinical significance.Methods Totally 116 cases of children with rotavirus enteritis from Huangshi Traditional Chinese Medicine ofEdong Healthcare Group were selected in this study.Patients were randomly divided into Racecadotril control group (n =58) and Racecadotril combined with Succinate Injection observation group (n =58).The levels of CK,CK-MB,LDH,IL-17,IL-6,and TNF-α were detected by ELISA analysis.The rates of clinic effects and adverse reaction were compared.Results There was no significant difference of CK,CK-MB,LDH,IL-17,IL-6,and TNF-α between two groups before treatment.After treatment,they were all decreased in two groups (P ＜ 0.05,0.01).However,they were all lower in observation group than those in control group after treatment (P＜0.05).The rate of clinic effects was 94.8％ in observation group,which was higher than 81.0％ in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of adverse reaction was 8.6％ in observation group and 6.9％ in control group.There was no significant difference between two groups.Conclusion Racecadotril combined with Succinate Injection inhibits the inflammatory response to protect myocardial injury in RVE children,with significantly clinical efficacy and safety.
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Objective To investigate the effect of racecadotril granules combined with montmorillonite on infantile rotavirus enteritis and myocardium enzymogram.Methods Retrospective a total of 275 infants and young children with rotavirus enteritis treated in Seventh Hospital of Ningbo from September 2014 to January 2016,were divided into the control group and the combined treatment group according to the treatment method.The combined treatment group were treated with montmorillonite powder and racecadotril granules, the control group were treated with montmorillonite powder.The negative rate of stool were observed three days after treatment,compared the symptom relief time,the level of inflammatory cytokines and myocardial enzyme spectrum between two groups before and after treatment .Results The stool negative rate of combined treatment group ( 79.31%) higher than the control group(67.69%) after three days of treatment;the levels of IL-18,IL-6 and hs-CRP in the combined treatment group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);the antiemetic time,dehydration correction time and recovery time of stool were shorter in combination therapy group than those in control group(P<0.05);there was no difference in the levels of myocardial enzyme between the two groups before treatment.The level of CK-MB,LDH,CK and AST in the two groups after treatment were lower than before treatment,and the level of CK and CK-MB in the combined treatment group was lower than the control group ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion Racecadotril granules combined with montmorillonite powder has a good therapeutic effect on infantile rotavirus enteritis can significantly improve clinical symptoms, reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients.
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Objective To investigate the curative effect of racecadotril granules on acute rotaviral enteritis in infants. Methods 100 infants with acute rotaviral enteritis were divided into combined treatment group(group A:50)cases and smecta group(B group:50 cases) ;Group B was given to basis of conventional therapy,but Group A received conventional therapy combined with clothing racecadotril particles. The efficacy and adverse reactions were observed.Results The time of improvement of vomiting,fever and diarrhea in A group was significantly shorter than the B group(t =2. 245,2. 298,2. 301, all P ＜ 0.05); The total effective rate 92. 0% in A group were higher than the B group 74. 0% after treatment 3d(x~2 = 3.987, P ＜ 0.05). The average course of treatment in A group (5.5 ± 0. 9) d was lower than the B group(7. 0 ± 1.1)d(t =7.17,P＜0.01). Conclusion Racecadotril is an effective and safe drug in treating rotaviral enteritis in infants.
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0.05).The drug cost was(12.93?4.47)yuan vs.(33.62?4.87)yuan and the total medical cost was(43.2?9.72)yuan vs.(63.03?14.99)yuan,both showing no significant differences between 2 groups(P