Research hotspots and trends in railway workers' health at home and abroad: A bibliometric analysis / 环境与职业医学

Background The development of railways has a long history, but there is limited research on the health of railway workers at home and abroad. China's high-speed railway development has attracted worldwide attention in recent years, and it is of great significance to study how to promote the health of this occupational population to ensure the safety of railway transportation. Objective To identify development trends and hotspots in the field of railway workers' health at home and abroad. Methods The research literature related to the health of railroad workers dated from January 1, 1973 to December 31, 2022 was searched using the China Knowledge Network Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) databases. After screening and cleaning, the included literature was subjected to bibliometric analysis by applying CiteSpace 6.1R6 software to visualize and analyze literature co-citation, keyword emergence, and keyword timeline graphs, and by VOSviewer 1.6.19 to visualize and analyze country/region collaboration, keyword co-occurrence, and keyword clustering. Results During the period from 1973 until 2022, a total of 273 Chinese literature and 165 English literature were found to report studies related to the health of railway workers. The Chinese literature began to grow rapidly in 2009 and peaked in 2015, and the number of English literature published in a relatively flat state over the studied period. The country with the most papers indexed by Science Citation Index (SCI) was the United States (58 papers), which also presented the richest international collaborations. The document with the highest domestic citation frequency was published in the Chinese Journal of Mental Health in 1994, and the document with the highest SCI citation frequency was published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 1994. The keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that the included Chinese literature mainly focused on health checkups, health management, hypertension, mental health, and chronic diseases and their prevalence; the included English literature focused on mortality, lung cancer, epidemiology, and diesel engine exhaust and its exposure. The analysis of emergent words showed that health management, frontline workers, and occupational stress were the topics of interest in Chinese literature in the last five years, while occupational stress, diesel exhaust emissions, and noise exposure were the topics of interest in English literature in the last ten years. The results of the timeline graph analysis suggested that the recent research directions in Chinese literature were health intervention, humanistic care, staff canteens, etc. There were few English-language articles related to this area after 2010. Conclusion The research hotspots of railroad practitioners' health will keep changing with the development of high-speed railways in countries around the world. The outstanding rise of Chinese literature issued in the last decade has been in striking contrast to the slow progress and decreasing of English literature. The Chinese literature has gradually expanded the hotspots from chronic diseases to health management, occupational stress, and sleep disorders.

Epidemiological Trend of Paediatric COVID-19 in First and Second Wave of Corona Pandemic — An Observational Study

Objective : To compare the epidemiological trend of COVID-19 in pediatric patients in First and Second wave of Corona pandemic. Material and Methods : Data of all RTPCR samples for SARS-CoV-2 collected between June, 2020 and June, 2021, were retrospectively analyzed and compared between pediatric and adults in 1st and 2nd wave of pandemic in Central Hospital, North Western Railway Jaipur Rajasthan. Results : Total 9766 samples were collected, out of it paediatric samples were 533 which is 5.47% of total. 137 out of 533 paediatric samples reported positive for SARS-CoV-2. Overall paediatric positivity rate is 25.7% and adult positivity rate is 28.4%. Positivity rate, Hospitalization and death rate in First wave in paediatric population is 20.7%, 0% and 0% and for adult 29.5%, 30% and 0.29% respectively. In Second wave positivity rate, hospitalization and death rate for pediatric is 30.5%, 2.4%, 0% and for adult it is 27.7%, 32.8% and 5.16% respectively. Conclusion : Overall adult and paediatric positivity is comparable. Pediatric positivity increased significantly by 47.3% in Second wave specially in age group 6 to 12 years. Positivity is more in male child as compared to female. Though in Second wave more paediatric patients reported positive and 2 cases (2.4 %) required hospitalization also but no severe COVID infection or death was reported in children in this study

Sanitary inspection results of drinking water quality in stations along Hexi Corridor Railway in 2018 -2020 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the sanitary status of drinking water quality in stations along Hexi Corridor Railway from 2018 to 2020. Methods Among of 270 samples of drinking water collected by a railway CDC from 2018 to 2020 were detected and analyzed. Results A total of 270 water samples were detected from 2018 to 2020. Among them, 90 water samples were detected in train water supply stations, and 89 were qualified, with a qualified rate of 98.89%. 180 water samples were detected in non-train water supply stations, and 119 samples were qualified, with a qualified rate of 66.11%. The qualified rate of water quality test items in train water supply stations was significantly higher than that in non-train water supply stations (χ2=36.44, P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the qualified rate of water quality test items in different years (χ2=2.4,3.01, 0.04, P＞0.05). Conclusion The drinking water source of each station along the Hexi Corridor Railway is supplied by deep groundwater. Without adding disinfectant, the total bacterial count, coliform group, Escherichia coli and other indicators of drinking water in all stations meet GB5749-2006 “sanitary standard for drinking water”. This raises a question on the necessity to add disinfectant when deep groundwater is used as drinking water source. However, the train water supply station, which is used as the source of secondary water supply, provides drinking water for railway train passengers. The free residual chlorine in the water after chlorination can continuously kill microorganisms in the water. Therefore, it is necessary to add disinfectant to the source water of the train water supply station.

Programa sobre movilidad segura en entornos ferroviarios. una aproximación desde el compromiso social al cambio de comportamientos para la prevención

Ciertas conductas imprudentes tienen significativas consecuencias humanas, sociales, económicas, de salud pública y de impacto en la opinión pública, lo que justifica que la seguridad en los espacios ferroviarios sea de interés para las empresas ferroviarias, las administraciones públicas y toda la sociedad. La Fundación de los Ferrocarriles Españoles (FFE) promueve un Programa sobre Movilidad Segura en Entornos Ferroviarios en España, cuyo fin es fomentar la cultura de la seguridad mediante la información y la sensibilización, potenciando un mayor compromiso social en materia de seguridad vial ferroviaria. Este programa surgió de la certeza de que la educación para la prevención es una herramienta útil para promover actitudes y comportamientos seguros entre la población.

Certain reckless behaviours have significant human, social, economic, public health and affect public opinion, justify that safety in the railway environments is interesting for railway companies, public administrations and the whole society. The FFE promotes the initiative Safety Mobility in Railway Environments Programme in Spain. Its main objective is to promote a culture of safety in railway environments through information and awareness by greater social commitment. This program arises from the certainty that education to prevent is a useful tool to promote attitudes and safety behaviors among the population.

The Effect of Thriving and Workplace Spirituality on Innovative Work Behavior and Career Adaptability Among Railway Employees

Introduction-This research aimed to study the effect of Thriving and Workplace Spirituality on Innovative Work Behavior and Career Adaptability among railway employees (TC) because of the competitive environment they experience. Method- The participants were 105 railway employees between the age of 40-60 years, residing in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The purposive and snowball sampling methods were used for the study. The scales used were - Thriving at work scale (Porath et al,2012), Spirit at work scale (SAW) (Kinjersky, 2013), Innovative work behavior ( Jesson, 2009), Career Adapt Abilities Scale – short form (CAAS- SF) (Maggiori et al, 2012). The data were analyzed using 4 independent ‘t tests’. Results-Thriving had a significant effect on Innovative Work Behavior and Career Adaptability among railway employees. Thus Thriving might act as an advantage in the competitive work environment of TCs. Since Thriving cannot be developed individually as a skill, there is a need to study Workplace Spirituality. Results obtained suggest that there was no significant effect of Workplace Spirituality on Innovative Work Behavior which can be attributed to the Covid-19 situation. Later analysis shows that Workplace Spirituality has a significant effect on Career Adaptability, suggesting that the Workplace Spirituality plays will help in better career adaptability among railway employees. Conclusion- Thriving is considered to be a human aspect of sustainability which is important to produce high performance. Thus if we can enhance Workplace Spirituality for railway employees, they might experience Thriving which will eventually contribute to enhancing IWB and Career Adaptability.

The influence of subjective comfort of working environment on occupational stress of railway station workers / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the influential factors of job stress suffered by workers in railway stations, the level of job stress of were measured and subjective comfort of employees targeting to working environment were reported. Methods: In March 2019, a cluster sampling study was designed to collect the personal characteristics, job characteristics and subjective comfort degree of working environment of 432 employees in Chongqing railway stations. Meanwhile, job stress was assessed using the effort-reward imbalance scale. Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of occupational stress detection rate among different stratified factors such as occupational characteristics. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influential factors of occupational stress. Results: The detection rate of job stress of workers in the railway stations was 31.02% (134/432) . The detection rate of job stress was higher among the divorced workers in railway stations, those earning less than 5, 000 yuan per month, those with 10-20 years' length of service, those who worked as a conductor and other workers including baggageman, station master on duty and assistant engineer (χ(2)=9.61, 14.76, 23.28, 11.06, P=0.008, 0.002, 0.000, 0.011) . The detection rate of job stress was higher among those whose working environment subjective feelings were uncomfortable, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001) . The results showed that the occupational stress of the staff in the railway stations was influenced by their subjective feeling of air quality, noise and Space Layout (P<0.05) . The risk factors of occupational stress were air quality, noise and uncomfortable space layout (OR=0.571, 0.068, 0.441, P=0.051, 0.054, 0.007) . Conductor, other (Bellboy, Duty Station Master, assistant engineer) were the risk factors of occupational stress (OR=1.884, 2.703, P=0.065, 0.019) . The employees of station A and station B were the risk factors of occupational stress (OR=4.681, 1.811, P=0.002, 0.067) . Conclusion: The higher detection rate of job stress of workers in the railway stations is correlated with the subjective comfort degree of the working environment of the workers.

Analysis of Helicobacter pylori infection and its correlation with serum bilirubin in railway drivers / 中国职业医学

@#Objective Helicobacter pylori（ ）， To investigate the infection status of HP and analyze the correlation between HP Methods infection and serum bilirubin in railway drivers. A total of 2 731 railway drivers in Zhengzhou locomotive depot were - selected as study subjects using judgment sampling method. Carbon 13 urea breath test was used to evaluate the HP infection ， status. The metabolic indexes of HP positive group and HP negative group were compared and the relationship between HP Results （ ） ， infection and serum bilirubin was analyzed. The HP infection rate was 42.3% 1 156/2 731 . The older the age the ， （ ）， （ P ） longer the work years and the higher the body mass index BMI the higher the HP infection rate all <0.01 . The infection （P ） rate of HP in married people was higher than that in unmarried people <0.01 . The HP infection rate of smokers was higher - （P ） - ， than that of non smokers <0.01 . Compared with the HP negative group fasting blood glucose and serum levels of total ， （ - ）， （ ） - cholesterol low density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL C triglyceride and homocysteine Hcy were increased in the HP （ P ） （ - ）， ， positive group all <0.05 . The serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL C total bilirubin direct bilirubin （ ） - （ P ） DBIL and indirect bilirubin were lower than those in HP negative group all <0.05 . Logistic regression analysis showed that （ P ） HP infection was associated with low serum total bilirubin and low DBIL all <0.01 after adjusting for the confounding effects ， ， ， ， ， ， ， - ， - ， of age work years marital status smoking history fasting blood glucose total cholesterol triacylglycerol LDL C HDL C Conclusion ， ， ， and Hcy. The age work length BMI smoking and marital status are the influencing factors of HP infection in railway drivers. HP infection is associated with low levels of total bilirubin and DBIL.

Analysis of health status of employees in a high-speed railway unit and management strategy / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the current health status of the employees of a high-speed railway unit and analyze the factors in relation to the health, and to provide a basis for the targeted intervention measures. Methods Data of 972 staff in a high-speed railway unit were collected from their health examination in 2018. The difference in the abnormal rates of physical examination indexes among different types of work, different regions and different ages was analyzed and compared. Results A total of 986 employees from the high-speed railway unit were recruited and 972 (942 males, 30 females) valid participants were included in the study. Some physical examination indicators were selected and analyzed, and the results showed that the abnormal rates of high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, hemoglobin, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein ranked the top five. The abnormal rate of chest X-ray was the highest in the category of railway maintenance work among the four types of work, while the abnormal rate of white blood cell count was the highest in the electric service work. Among the three regions of Jiangsu (Shanghai-Nanjing line), Zhejiang (Shanghai-Hangzhou and Nanjing-Hangzhou lines) and Shanghai, Jiangsu had the highest abnormal rates of urine protein, chest X-ray, hemoglobin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, white blood cell count, and aspartate aminotransferase. Particularly, the highest abnormal rates of glutamic transaminase, triglyceride, total cholesterol and blood pressure were in the group of age below 34, and the highest abnormal rate of chest X-ray and fasting blood glucose was in the 50-54 years old group. Conclusion The development of diseases in the workers has become a younger trend. The results of physical examination have demonstrated that the rate of dyslipidemia is relatively high. The highest abnormal rate of chest X-ray in the maintenance work may be related to its frequent exposure to dust, so the labor protection should be strengthened. The abnormal rate of urinary protein in workers in Jiangsu region is high, and relevant intervention measures should be taken.

Task Analysis On Maintenance Worker (Rail Grinder) Of Light Rail Transit (LRT)

@#Rail maintenance routines are necessary to enable the all rail operations to achieve its aim in maintaining a safe and efficient operation. The maintenance tasks expose the workers to vibration and noise, as they handle specialized machineries and heavy self-propelled vehicles. Exposure of noise above the permissible exposure limit and over the daily allowable duration may cause noise-induce hearing loss (NIHL). Investigation on the type of task that has high noise level exposure on the maintenance workers was conducted to justify the needs to further detailed of this study. This paper will describe the task analysis on maintenance workers and to identify possible tasks with exposure to high level of noise. It scopes down to grinding crew of the maintenance department of light rail transit. Methods used were real-time sound measurement using a sound level meter, observation and interviews. Then, data were analysed to understand the situation of exposure of noise during rail maintenance. An ergonomic risk assessment was also conducted by adoption of the latest guideline on Ergonomic Risk Assessment (ERA) at Workplace Guidelines recommended by Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), Malaysia. A hierarchical task analysis (HTA) was generated on the task of the maintenance worker, focusing on rail grinding crew. The newly generated HTA had allowed better understanding about the nature of work and the task conducted by a rail grinder during the work shifts. Tasks involving high noise level was identified. Data recorded shows that the noise level for the blowing activity was relatively high and exceeded the permissible exposure limit of 90dBA. The exposure level was currently controlled by practicing the usage of hearing protection equipment (HPE) and by controlling exposure time in accordance to recommendations of the Factory and Machinery Act (FMA). Thus, it had confirmed that maintenance workers were exposed to high noise levels when performing their daily task. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between the duration of exposure and noise-induce hearing loss (NIHL) with consideration of the lifestyles of the maintenance workers.

A Comprehensive Study of Deaths due to Railway Accidents Reported at a Tertiary Care Hospital Mortuary during the Period of January to December 2015

Introduction: Cities are locations having a high level ofaccumulation and concentration of economic activities andare complex spatial structures that are supported by transportsystems. The evolution of mass rapid transport system in theform of sub-urban railway network has increased railwaycasualties in the cities as the railroads pass through residentialand commercial zones. Hence, the aim of the present studywas to assess the analysis of death due to railway accidents ina tertiary care hospital.Material and Methods: During the study period, total 5240autopsies were conducted in Osmania General HospitalMortuary, out of which 474 were due to railway accidents.All the findings of autopsy report were noted and relevantphotos at the time of autopsy were taken. In relevant cases,wherever necessary the organ were collected and was sent forhistopathological examination. Autopsy on all cases of deathsdue to railway accidents conducted at Mortuary, OsmaniaGeneral Hospital in 2015 were included in the present study.Results: Maximum fatalities were reported among thirddecade of life i.e. 31-40 years followed by second and fourthdecade i.e. 21-30 years. Lowest number of fatalities wasreported from eighth and first decade of life i.e. 81-90 years. Inaccidental cases cause of death in most of the cases is multipleinjuries, followed by head injury and head injury associatedwith other injuries.Conclusion: Highest number of accidents happened whilecrossing the railway track, followed by people lying on thetrack or jumping in front of a moving train. In suicidal deathsmost of the cases were due to decapitation, followed by crushinjuries. About 7 cases of traumatic transection were reportedduring the period of study.

The analysis of prevalence of pneumoconiosis and civil aid and medical care among xiangyang-chongqing railway construction workers in Chongqing from 2011 to 2018 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To analyze the prevalence of pneumoconiosis and civil aid and medical care among Xiangyang-Chongqing railway construction workers in Chongqing from 2011 to 2018, so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of pneumoconiosis.@*Methods@#The Chongqing database of Xiangyang-Chongqing railway construction workers cases from 2011 to 2018 were subjected to systematic collected. SPSS 18.0 was adopted for statistical description and analysis.@*Results@#From 2011 to 2018, a total of 7031 silicosis cases were diagnosed, and 5827 cases were existed, including 4056 cases of stage I, 1491 cases of stage II, and 280 cases of stage III. The cases were concentrated in the area along the southwest to northeast of Chongqing. The diagnosis age of silicosis patients was mainly 60~64 years old (69.73%) . Most silicosis cases were the drill workers and the stone workers. The exposure time of silicosis patients was short and concentrated in 3 years. The 5827 cases of pneumoconiosis in the Xiangyang-Chongqing railway were all treated with special civil aid and medical care for pneumoconiosis in the Xiangyang-Chongqing railway.@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of silicosis among workers who participated in Xiangyang-Chongqing railway construction remained serious. Civil aid and medical care covers all silicosis patients. Occupational health surveillance for silicosis and assistance should be carried out in these workers.

Analysis of occupational and mental health status in high-speed railway locomotive drivers / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To understand the exposure of occupational hazards, occupational and mental health status of high-speed railway locomotive drivers. METHODS: A total of 150 male high-speed railway locomotive drivers from Nanchang Railway administration were selected as experimental group, and 80 male ordinary train drivers were selected as control group by using a judgment sampling method. The occupational disease hazard testing and occupational health examinations were conducted in drivers of these two groups. The mental health status survey was conducted using the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90). RESULTS: The noise, power frequency electric field, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and carbon dioxide in all the work place of these two groups were in line with the national occupational health standards. The exposure noise intensity of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group [(70.5±3.7) vs(77.4±4.1) dB(A), P<0.05]. The detection rates of hypertension and chronic gastritis were higher in the experimental group(18.7% vs 34.7%, 26.2% vs 42.0%, P<0.05). The detection rate of high frequency hearing loss decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group(22.5% vs 10.7%, P<0.05). The total score of SCL-90 in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group [(169.5±6.1) vs(148.0±6.0) score, P<0.01]. The positive rate of psychological symptoms was higher in the experimental group than that of the control group(41.3% vs 23.8%, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The concentration/intensity of occupational disease hazards in the workplace of high-speed railway locomotives drivers is within normal limit. The occupational health status of high-speed railway locomotive drivers is generally good, but attention should be paid to their occupational mental health hazards.

O Lazer dos ferroviários em Rio Claro-SP e o controle da companhia paulista / The leisure of railway labourers in Rio Claro-SP and the control of the companhia paulista

Este artigo aborda dois pontos principais: i) as atividades de lazer dos trabalhadores da Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro em Rio Claro; ii) e a estratégia da empresa em prolongar o controle sobre seus funcionários até mesmo nos momentos de não trabalho, a partir da criação do Grêmio Recreativo da Paulista. A chegada dos trilhos e a instalação das oficinas da companhia ferroviária impulsionaram a formação da classe operária local, criando as bases para a emergência dos espaços de sociabilidade frequentados por esses trabalhadores. O desfrute do lazer pelos ferroviários, além de possibilitar o distanciamento momentâneo da extenuante rotina de trabalho, contribuía para o fortalecimento dos laços do grupo. A direção da Paulista, disposta a vigiar as ações de seus funcionários fora do universo fabril, empenhou-se em reger suas opções de lazer, fundando um clube social e recreativo destinado aos ferroviários.

This article addresses two main points: i) the leisure activities of the labourers of Companhia Paulista Railways in Rio Claro; ii) and the company's strategy to extend control over its employees even in non-work moments, since the creation of Grêmio Recreativo of Paulista. The arrival of the rails and the installation of the workshops of the railway company stimulated the formation of the local working class, creating the bases for the emergence of the spaces of sociability frequented by these labourers. The enjoyment of leisure by the railway labourers, besides allowing the temporary distance from the exhausting work routine, contributed to the strengthening of the group's ties. The management of Paulista, willing to oversee the actions of its employees outside the factory universe, committed itself to governing its leisure options, founding a social and recreational club for the railway labourers.

Mental health status in railway female workers and its occupational influencing factors / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the mental health status of railway female workers and related influencing factors, and to provide a scientific strategy for labor protection regulations in railway female workers.@*Methods@#Cluster sampling was used to select 5033 female workers from Jinan, Nanning, Qinghai-Tibet, and Wuhan railway systems in China from January to August, 2016. A uniform reproductive health questionnaire, as well as the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) , was used to investigate their general information (age, marital status, education level, and family income) , work type (day shift, night shift, or work on shift) , work position, and the presence or absence of exposure to occupational hazardous factors. The score on each factor of SCL-90 and the positive rate of mental health status were calculated.@*Results@#The positive rate of mental health status was 10.6% in railway female workers. The workers exposed to occupational hazardous factors had a significantly higher positive rate of mental health status than those not exposed to occupational hazardous factors (14.20% vs 8.02%, P<0.01) . There were significant differences in the positive rate of mental health status between workers with different ages, marital status, education levels, histories of abortion, or annual family income levels (P<0.01) . The scores of somatization (1.54±0.62) and horror (1.28±0.47) in SCL-90 were significantly higher than the Chinese adult norm (P<0.01) . The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that exposure to occupational hazardous factors, night shift, overwork, and carrying heavy objects were associated with mental health problems (OR=1.797, 95%CI: 1.393-2.318; OR=0.641, 95%CI: 0.498-0.827; OR=0.586, 95%CI: 0.439-0.783; OR=0.580, 95%CI: 0.378-0.890) .@*Conclusion@#Railway female workers have lower levels of mental health than the general population and are under significant occupational stress. Exposure to occupational hazardous factors, night shift, overwork, and carrying heavy objects are associated with the development of mental health problems in railway female workers.

Epidemic situation of animal plague in Gansu section of Golmud-Dunhuang railway / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To summarize and analyze the epidemic situation and trend of animal plague in plague foci of Gansu section of Golmud-Dunhuang railway,and provide basic reference for prevention and control of the plague.Methods The quantity of Marmot,rate of carrying fleas and flea index,plague serological and etiology detection results,the cross analyzing results of the railway section and the animal plague foci in Gansu section of Dolmud-Dunhuang railway (Akesai and Subei counties) from 2010 to 2015 were analyzed via the retrospective analysis method.Results The total average density of Marmot of Golmud-Dunhuang railway crossing area Akesai and Subei counties was between 0.23-0.41 per hectare between 2010 and 2015.The rate of parasitic dye fleas in plague foci of Akesai was between 11.30％ and 32.65％,body flea index was 0.74-1.84.The rate of parasitic fleas dye fleas in plague foci of Subei was between 5.34％ and 14.07％,the flea index was 0.25-2.04.The etiology detection Marmot plague of Akesai and Subei was 2 049,142 of them were positive,the positive rate was 6.93％;592 groups of vector were detected,44 of them were positive;the positive rate was 7.43％.There was no statistically significant difference between inspection bacteria rate and parasitic vector inspection rate of Marmot (x2 =0.014,P ＞ 0.05).Totally 1 719 serums of Marmot were tested,132 of them were positive,the positive rate was 7.68％.Totally 421 serums of Canis lupus familiaris were detected,61 of them were positive,the positive rate was 14.49％.There was statistically significant difference between the serum positive rate of Marmot and Canis lupus familiaris (x2 =19.116,P ＜ 0.05).Totally 17 animal foci were found along the railway in 2013,the nearest distance of the foci of bid from construction was 0.5 km,popular area was 61.02 km2,and 1 360 people were directly threatened.Conclusions Animal plague in Akesai and Subei regions along Golmud-Dunhuang railway is highly active.So we must take effective measures to guarantee the smooth progress of railway construction.

Effects of mental workload on work-related musculoskeletal disorders in railway vehicle manufacturing workers / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of mental workload and prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders musculoskeletal disorders( WMSDs) in railway vehicle manufacturing workers.METHODS: A total of 362 male workers in assembling and welding workshop from a railway vehicle manufacturing enterprise were selected as study subjects by cluster sampling method.The level of mental workload and prevalence of WMSDs were investigated using a revised Subjective Workload Assessment Technique and China Musculoskeletal Questionnaire.RESULTS: The median score of mental workload was 67 and the prevalence rate of WMSDs was 56.9%.The multivariate logistic regression analysis results indicated that the higher the mental workload of railway vehicle manufacturers,the higher their risk for WMSDs after excluding the influence of confounding factors( P < 0.05).Workers in welding work showed a higher risk than those in assembling work( P < 0.01).Workers with fast work rhythm showed higher risk of WMSDs than those with regular working rhythm( P < 0.01).Workers with comfortable working environment and temperature showed lower risk of WMSDs than those with uncomfortable working environment and temperature( P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: The mental workload can increase the risk of WMSDs,with a dose-effect relationship in railway vehicle manufacturing workers.The type of work,work frequency and the temperature in working environment are also influencing factors of WMSDs.

À procura do pai: Observações sobre o filme Central do Brasil (Walter Salles, 1998) / En busca del padre. Notas sobre la película Estación Central de Brasil / Looking for father. Observations on the film Central Station / À la recherche du père. Notes sur le film Central do Brasil

O tema principal de Central do Brasil, obra-prima de Walter Salles (1998), é a separação e a perda. Ambos os personagens principais sofreram perdas dolorosas, uma mulher de meia-idade (Dora) e uma criança (Josué), pouco confiáveis, estão à procura de seu pai. No curso de sua jornada, uma jornada literal e metafórica, os dois encontram no "apego" que desenvolvem gradualmente um para o outro, repletos de ambivalência, uma maneira de reparar os danos que sofreram anteriormente em suas vidas.

The main theme of Central Station (1998), a Walter Salles' cinematographic masterpiece, is separation, loss. The main characters are an unreliable middle-aged woman (Dora) and a child (Josué). Both of them experienced painful losses in the past and, together, have been now looking for his father. In the course of their journey, they both have found a way to repair the damages they suffered earlier in their lives. The way they have found arises from the "attachment" they have gradually developed for each other - an attachment which is fraught with ambivalence.

El tema principal de Estación Central de Brasil, una obra maestra de Walter Salles (1998), es la separación y la pérdida. Ambos personajes principales sufrieron pérdidas dolorosas, una mujer de mediana edad (Dora) y un niño (Josué), poco fiable, están en busca de su padre. En el transcurso de esta jornada, una jornada literal y metafórica, ambos encuentran en el "apego" que se va desarrollando gradualmente entre uno y otro, repleto de ambivalencia, una manera de reparar los daños sufridos anteriormente en sus vidas.

Le thème principal de Central do Brasil, un chef-d'œuvre de Walter Salles (1998), c'est la séparation et la perte. Les deux personnages principaux ont subi des pertes douloureuses, une femme d'âge moyen (Dora) et un enfant (Josué), peu fiables, sont à la recherche de son père. Au cours de son voyage, un voyage métaphorique et littéral, les deux trouvent dans "l'attachement" qu'ils développent progressivement l'un pour l'autre, plein d'ambivalence, une manière de réparer les dommages subis auparavant dans leurs vies.

Health and Labour from the Perspective of Railway Dock workers in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Saúde e Trabalho na visão de trabalhadores da estiva do Porto Ferroviário, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

The main goal of this study is to understand and analyse the perspective of dockworkers on health and labour at the Railway Dry Port of the Municipality of Uruguaiana in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Sixteen dockworkers participated in the study under the methodological approach of qualitative research. The fieldwork was conducted through individual interviews by applying a semi-structured research script with open-ended questions. For the data analysis, the "discourse analysis" method was adopted, leading to the definition of five thematic categories of interpretation. From the perspective of dockworkers, dock work differs in both the weight of toil, which is hard and intense, and the sense of satisfaction regarding the collaborative and collective aspect of labour, emphasising the human side of labour. Several reports on work accidents and the identification of hazards that may be avoided by implementing changes in the organisation and work conditions were also noted.

O objetivo principal deste artigo é conhecer e analisar a visão dos trabalhadores da estiva sobre a saúde e o trabalho no Porto Seco Ferroviário, do Município de Uruguaiana, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Participaram do estudo dezesseis estivadores sob a perspectiva metodológica da pesquisa qualitativa. O trabalho de campo ocorreu mediante a realização de entrevistas individuais, por meio da aplicação de um roteiro de pesquisa semiestruturado com perguntas abertas. Quanto à análise dos dados, foi adotada a técnica de "análise do discurso", chegando-se à definição de cinco categorias temáticas de interpretação. Constatou-se que, na perspectiva dos trabalhadores, o trabalho na estiva se distingue tanto pelo peso da labuta, árdua e intensa, quanto pelo sentido de satisfação no tocante ao aspecto colaborativo e coletivo do trabalho, enfatizando o lado humano do labor. Observaram-se ainda muitos relatos sobre acidentes de trabalho e a identificação de riscos que podem ser evitados mediante a implementação de mudanças na organização e nas condições de trabalho.

The Relationship between Risky Work Behaviors and Self-Reported Knee Pain among Malaysian Railway Workers.

Background: Knee pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal pains at workplace and its prevalence ranges from 10 to 60%. Risky work behaviors are established risk factors. They result in functional impairment, disability and reduce quality of life. Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationships between risky work behaviors and knee pain among Malaysian railway workers. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 513 railway workers across eight states within Peninsular Malaysia. Socio-demographics, risky work behaviors, occupational safety and history of knee pain were obtained by direct interviews using a structured closed ended questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The prevalence of self-reported knee pain over the past one year was 31.6%. Multivariate analysis yielded six significant predictors of knee pain: Socio-demographics (tertiary education); risky work behaviors (lifting or carrying heavy objects, working in uncomfortable position of knee joint, repeated flexion and extension of knee joint, continuous sitting work); and occupational safety (applying Personal Protective Equipment - PPE during work). Conclusion: The significant associations between knee pain and risky work behaviors in railway workers point to urgent need for preventive measures, particularly in high risk occupations.

Impacting factors on the professional identity of railway young workers and the relationship with the professional identity and subjective well-being / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the impacting factors on the professional identity of railway young workers and the relationship of the professional identity and subjective well-being.Methods The sample consisting of 5 762 young workers was selected from railway enterprises by stratified and random sampling according to the proportion.Occupational professional identity Scale and Index of Well-being,Index of General Affect Scale were used.The affect of the variable,such as sex,age,working years,educational background and income on professional identity were studied.Moreover,the relationship between professional identity and subjective well-being was reported.Results (1) Professional identity ascended witb the increase of ages,and there was significance between three groups(F=6.667,P＜0.05).(2)Professional identity ascended with the increase of length of service (F=5.147,P＜0.01),but it dropped at the point of 9-12 years.(3) The professional identity of workers with bachelor degree was higher than that with junior college education background.and there was significance between three groups (F=3.538,P＜0.05).(4)The workers who had more than 3 500 RMB monthly salary was regarded on the top in professional identity,while those whose monthly salary were under 2 500 RMB was in the lowest level (F=42.275,P＜0.01).(5)The result of linear regression indicated that the degree of professional identity can forecast the degree of subjective well-being(R =0.534,P＜0.01).Conclusion The professional identity of railway young works was affected by their ages,the length of service,the educational degree and salary,The professional identity can forecast subjective well-being.