Solidão e desamparo - cogitações / Loneliness and abandonment - cogitations / Soledad y abandono - cogitaciones

O autor faz uma introdução sobre os conceitos de solidão, de desamparo e sobre a relação entre ambos. O tema do desamparo é específico da psicanálise e importante para a compreensão dos espaços psíquicos - intra, inter e transsubjetivos. Discorre sobre o vínculo L, do Amor. O amor dirigido para o outro e sua diversidade nos coloca em situação de incerteza e fragilidade. Quando o outro não corresponde, e perdemos o objeto amado ficamos mais infelizes. São apresentadas correlações com a imprevisibilidade e a incerteza, o acaso e o inesperado, que são tão comuns, assim como a pretensão de ter sempre razão. Alguns fragmento são apresentados, sejam de terapia de casal ou de grupoterapia. O autor faz diversas cogitações, como sobre o pensar bioniano, os fracassos da comunicação e sua relação com o desamparo, concluindo que é terrível não aceitar a realidade interna impossível de realização, assim como a realidade externa, e não conviver de modo amistoso com a experiência emocional decorrente.

The author makes an introduction about the concepts of loneliness, abandonment and the relationship between them. The theme of dereliction is specific to psychoanalysis and important to the comprehension of psychic spaces - Intra, inter and transsubjective. It discusses the link L, of love. Love directed towards the other and its diversity puts us in a situation of uncertainty and fragility. When the other doesn't match it, and we lose the beloved object, we become unhappier. Correlations are presented with the unpredictability and uncertainty, the chance and the unexpected, which are so common, as well as the pretension to always be right. Some fragments are presented, whether they are double therapy or group therapy. The author makes several cogitations, as on the Bionian thinking, the failures of communication and its relationship with abandonment, concluding that it is terrible not to accept the internal reality which is impossible to accomplish, as well as the external reality, and not to live in a friendly manner with the resulting emotional experience.

El autor hace una introducción sobre los conceptos de soledad, abandono y la relación entre ellos. El tema del abandono es específico del psicoanálisis es importante para la comprensión de los espacios psíquicos - Intra, inter y transubjetivo. Habla del vínculo L, del amor. El amor dirigido hacia el otro y su diversidad nos pone en una situación de incertidumbre y fragilidad. Cuando el otro no coincide, y perdemos el objeto amado nos volvemos más infelices. Las correlaciones se presentan con la imprevisibilidad y la incertidumbre, la oportunidad y lo inesperado, que son tan comunes, así como la pretensión de tener siempre razón. Se presentan algunos fragmentos, ya sea de terapia De pareja o terapia de grupo. El autor hace varias cogitaciones, como en el pensamiento bioniano, los fracasos de la comunicación y su relación con el abandono, concluyendo que es terrible no aceptar la realidad interna imposible de lograr, así como la realidad externa, y no vivir de una manera amistosa con la experiencia emocional resultante.

Overcoming randomness does not rule out the importance of inherent randomness for functionality

Randomness is intrinsic to many natural processes. It is also clear that, under certain conditions, disorders are not associatedwith functionality. Several examples in which overcoming, suppressing, or combining both randomness and non-randomness is required are drawn from various fields. However, the need to suppress or overcome randomness does not negateits importance under certain conditions and its significance in valid processes and organ functions. Randomness should beacknowledged rather than ignored or suppressed; it can be viewed, at worst, as a disturbing disorder that may be treated toproduce order, or, at best, as a ‘beneficial disorder’ that can be considered as a higher level of functionality.

Bioética y situación narrativa de las personas con trastorno del desarrollo sexual (TDS) / Bioethics and narrative situation of people with sexual development disorder (SDD)

Resumen En este trabajo se tratará la condición existencial de las personas diagnosticadas en estado de intersexualidad con base en la ambigüedad sexual anatómica y gonadal calificada como «hermafroditismo¼. No es el objeto fundamental del estudio la reflexión y análisis de los procesos de orientación y/o preferencia sexual del grupo LGBTTTI, sino las consideraciones que provocan dilemas bioéticos en tanto la elección identitaria sexo-genérica que se asigna por terceros a una persona al momento de nacer en función de una genitalidad clara y objetiva que, al revelar ambigüedad anatómica, provoca que las personas responsables y/o cercanas a ella -sean padres, tutores, médicos, etcétera- tomen decisiones apresuradas y/o arbitrarias en cuanto a la designación del sexo con que habrá de ser registrado -para fines legales- dicho recién nacido. Esto da origen a un consentimiento, tal vez apresurado (y hasta arbitrario), respecto al tratamiento quirúrgico indicado para asignar identidad sexual a partir de la genitalidad o dependiendo sólo de la situación gonadal, lo que posteriormente podría implicar situaciones éticas dilemáticas y/o calificadas como inmorales, en tanto la condición existencial de la identidad sexual asignada al arbitrio y bajo presión legal, social y cultural implícitas.

Abstract This paper will deal with the existential condition of people diagnosed in an intersexual state based on the anatomical and gonadal sexual ambiguity described as hermaphroditism. The reflection and analysis of the LGBTTTI group's orientation and/or sexual preference processes is not the main objective of the study, but rather the reflexive considerations that provoke bioethical dilemmas in the choice of sex-generic identity that is assigned by third parties to a person at the time of birth according to a clear and objective genitality that reveals anatomical ambiguity, causing the people responsible and/or close to it -whether parents, guardians, or doctors- to make hasty and/or arbitrary decisions regarding the designation of the sex with which the newborn will be registered -for legal purposes-. This gives rise to a consent (perhaps hasty and even arbitrary) with respect to the surgical treatment indicated to assign sexual identity from the genitality or depending only on the gonadal situation, which subsequently implies dilemmatic ethical situations concerning the existential condition of the sexual identity assigned arbitrarily and under implicit legal, social and cultural pressure.

Foundational errors in the Neutral and Nearly-Neutral theories of evolution in relation to the Synthetic Theory: Is a new evolutionary paradigm necessary?

The Neutral Theory of Evolution (NTE) proposes mutation and random genetic drift as the most important evolutionary factors. The most conspicuous feature of evolution is the genomic stability during paleontological eras and lack of variation among taxa; 98% or more of nucleotide sites are monomorphic within a species. NTE explains this homology by random fixation of neutral bases and negative selection (purifying selection) that does not contribute either to evolution or polymorphisms. Purifying selection is insufficient to account for this evolutionary feature and the Nearly-Neutral Theory of Evolution (N-NTE) included negative selection with coefficients as low as mutation rate. These NTE and N-NTE propositions are thermodynamically (tendency to random distributions, second law), biotically (recurrent mutation), logically and mathematically (resilient equilibria instead of fixation by drift) untenable. Recurrent forward and backward mutation and random fluctuations of base frequencies alone in a site make life organization and fixations impossible. Drift is not a directional evolutionary factor, but a directional tendency of matter-energy processes (second law) which threatens the biotic organization. Drift cannot drive evolution. In a site, the mutation rates among bases and selection coefficients determine the resilient equilibrium frequency of bases that genetic drift cannot change. The expected neutral random interaction among nucleotides is zero; however, huge interactions and periodicities were found between bases of dinucleotides separated by 1, 2... and more than 1,000 sites. Every base is co-adapted with the whole genome. Neutralists found that neutral evolution is independent of population size (N); thus neutral evolution should be independent of drift, because drift effect is dependent upon N. Also, chromosome size and shape as well as protein size are far from random.

Una metodología de series de tiempo para el área de la salud; caso práctico / A methodology of time series for the health field -a practical case

En los últimos años, las series de tiempo han tenido desarrollos y aplicaciones importantes en el área de la salud; por ello, el presente artículo muestra una metodología ensayada en estudios anteriores, en que se esbozan los pasos en el análisis de series de tiempo para un enfoque clásico. El objetivo permite identificar un buen modelo de pronóstico usando técnicas de suavización: exponencial, simple, Holt y Winter. Además, se realiza la validación de los supuestos de los residuales, dando confiabilidad a los resultados del modelo encontrado. Para aplicar el procedimiento se utilizaron los datos del número de consultas externas realizadas en la IPS de la Universidad de Antioquia durante abril del 2001 y septiembre del 2005.

During the last years time series have had developments and important applications in the field of health. The present article shows a methodology tried in previous studies and outlines the steps in the analysis of time series for a classical approach. The objective allows identifying a good model of prognosis by using smoothing methods: exponential, simple, Holt and Winter. In addition, the validation of the assumptions of the residuals is made managing to give trustworthiness to the results of the found model. In order to apply the procedure, data of number of outpatient appointments performed at the University of Antioquia Health Service from April 2001 to September 2005 were used.