Advance and challenge in research on meningococcal group B vaccines / 药物评价研究

It is generally accepted that vaccinations are one of the most effective tool for control of infectious diseases.In recent years,the research on meningococcal group B vaccines has made progress extensively.A new meningococcal group B vaccine,developed by the reverse vaccinology technology,has been approved by the European Medicines Agency and the Food and Drag Administration.Although no related products has been approve till now in China,some meningococcal group B vaccines are also developing in domestic companies and research institutes.Therefore,to further understand these vaccines and facilitate the development of meningococcal group B vaccines,this paper reviews advance and challenge in research on meningococcal group B vaccines.

Advance and challenge in research on meningococcal group B vaccines / 药物评价研究

It is generally accepted that vaccinations are one of the most effective tool for control of infectious diseases.In recent years,the research on meningococcal group B vaccines has made progress extensively.A new meningococcal group B vaccine,developed by the reverse vaccinology technology,has been approved by the European Medicines Agency and the Food and Drag Administration.Although no related products has been approve till now in China,some meningococcal group B vaccines are also developing in domestic companies and research institutes.Therefore,to further understand these vaccines and facilitate the development of meningococcal group B vaccines,this paper reviews advance and challenge in research on meningococcal group B vaccines.

Design of recombinant vaccines for Gumboro, Newcastle and Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis / Diseño de vacunas recombinantes en las enfermedades de Gumboro, Newcastle y Laringotraqueítis Infecciosa Aviar / Desenho de vacinas recombinantes nas doenças de Gumboro, Newcastle e Laringotraqueite infecciosa aviar

The poultry industry worldwide has experienced significant growth in recent years. Likewise, the Colombian poultry sector has become a dynamic and promising industry with high yields and a significant share of the gross domestic product (GDP). However, this development has not been exempt of threats and challenges. Two of the biggest challenges faced by the industry are the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the safety of poultry products. In recent years, major efforts have focused on the control of infectious agents that cause economic losses by implementing prophylactic plans with safe, effective and practical vaccines. These immunizing inocula have changed with genetic engineering developments resulting in the design of recombinant DNA vaccines. This article provides an update on the design of recombinant vaccines and their use for controlling Gumboro, Newcastle and avian infectious laryngotracheitis. It addresses issues such as poultry vaccination principles, description and application of immunogens, and the advantages and disadvantages of this group of vaccines.

La industria avícola ha experimentado un crecimiento significativo en los últimos años a nivel mundial. Igualmente, el sector avícola colombiano se ha consolidado como una industria dinámica y promisoria con altos rendimientos y una importante participación en el producto interno bruto (PIB). Sin embargo, este desarrollo se ha afectado por las amenazas o los retos a los que la avicultura se enfrenta. Dos de los grandes desafíos que esta industria debe enfrentar son la prevención y el control de las enfermedades infecciosas y la inocuidad de los productos avícolas. En los últimos años, los mayores esfuerzos se han centrado en el control de los agentes infecciosos causantes de pérdidas económicas por medio del uso de planes profilácticos con biológicos seguros, eficaces y prácticos. Estos inóculos usados para la inmunización se han modificado con la evolución de la ingeniería genética dando como resultado el diseño de vacunas de ADN recombinante. En este artículo se presenta una actualización sobre el diseño de las vacunas recombinantes y su uso para el control de las enfermedades de Gumboro, Newcastle y laringotraqueítis infecciosa aviar, abordando temas asociados con los principios de la vacunación en avicultura, la descripción y la aplicación de este tipo de inmunógenos, así como las ventajas y las desventajas de dicho grupo de vacunas.

A indústria avícola tem experimentado um crescimento significativo nos últimos anos ao redor do mundo. Igualmente, o setor avícola colombiano tem se consolidado como uma indústria dinâmica e promissória com maiores rendimentos e uma importante participação no produto interno bruto (PIB). Embora, este desenvolvimento tem se visto afetado pelas ameaças ou os desafios que apresenta a avicultura. Dois dos grandes desafios que esta indústria tem que enfrentar são a prevenção e o controle das doenças infecciosas e a inocuidade dos produtos avícolas. Nos últimos anos, os maiores esforços têm se centrado no controle de agentes infecciosos causantes de perdas econômicas por médio do uso de planos profiláticos com biológicos seguros, eficazes e práticos. Esses inoculos usados para a imunização tem sido modificados com a evolução da engenharia genética gerando como resultado o desenho de vacinas de DNA recombinante. Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma atualização sobre o desenho de vacinas recombinantes e sua utilização para o controle das doenças: Gumboro, Newcastle e Laringotraqueite infecciosa aviar, abordando temas associados com os princípios de vacinação em avicultura, a descrição e aplicação deste tipo de imunógenos, assim como as vantagens e desvantagens deste grupo de vacinas.

Recombinant vaccines and the development of new vaccine strategies

Vaccines were initially developed on an empirical basis, relying mostly on attenuation or inactivation of pathogens. Advances in immunology, molecular biology, biochemistry, genomics, and proteomics have added new perspectives to the vaccinology field. The use of recombinant proteins allows the targeting of immune responses focused against few protective antigens. There are a variety of expression systems with different advantages, allowing the production of large quantities of proteins depending on the required characteristics. Live recombinant bacteria or viral vectors effectively stimulate the immune system as in natural infections and have intrinsic adjuvant properties. DNA vaccines, which consist of non-replicating plasmids, can induce strong long-term cellular immune responses. Prime-boost strategies combine different antigen delivery systems to broaden the immune response. In general, all of these strategies have shown advantages and disadvantages, and their use will depend on the knowledge of the mechanisms of infection of the target pathogen and of the immune response required for protection. In this review, we discuss some of the major breakthroughs that have been achieved using recombinant vaccine technologies, as well as new approaches and strategies for vaccine development, including potential shortcomings and risks.

Perspectives of vaccination in Chagas disease revisited

The perspectives for a Chagas Disease vaccine 30 years ago and today are compared. Antigens and adjuvants have improved, but logistic problems remain the same. Sterilizing vaccines have not been produced and animal models for chronic Chagas have not been developed. Vector control has been successful and Chagas incidence has come to a halt. We do not have a population candidate to vaccination now in Brazil. And if we had, we would not know how to evaluate the success of vaccination in a short time period. A vaccine may not seem important at the moment. However, scientific reasons and incertitudes about the future recommend that a search for a vaccine be continued.

Adjuvant requirement for successful immunization with recombinant derivatives of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-1 delivered via the intranasal route

Recently, we generated two bacterial recombinant proteins expressing 89 amino acids of the C-terminal domain of the Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-1 and the hexa-histidine tag (His6MSP1(19)). One of these recombinant proteins contained also the amino acid sequence of the universal pan allelic T-cell epitope (His6MSP1(19)-PADRE). In the present study, we evaluated the immunogenic properties of these antigens when administered via the intra-nasal route in the presence of distinct adjuvant formulations. We found that C57BL/6 mice immunized with either recombinant proteins in the presence of the adjuvants cholera toxin (CT) or the Escherichia coli heat labile toxin (LT) developed high and long lasting titers of specific serum antibodies. The induced immune responses reached maximum levels after three immunizing doses with a prevailing IgG1 subclass response. In contrast, mice immunized by intranasal route with His6MSP1(19)-PADRE in the presence of the synthetic oligonucleotides adjuvant CpG ODN 1826 developed lower antibody titers but when combined to CT, CpG addition resulted in enhanced IgG responses characterized by lower IgG1 levels. Considering the limitations of antigens formulations that can be used in humans, mucosal adjuvants can be a reliable alternative for the development of new strategies of immunization using recombinant proteins of P. vivax.