Theory and application of pulse diagnosis at Renying and Cunkou regions / 中国针灸

Renying and Cunkou pulse diagnostic method is one of the important parts of the pulse diagnosis in Huangdi Neijing (Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor) and has been controversial since its proposal. This article takes WANG Shu-he's diagnostic operation as the evidence, and is in reference of the statement, "Cun region (the region ahead of Guan region of Cunkou) determines the human life, that on the left hand refers to Renying, while on the right hand is Qikou". The pulse conditions on the left and right hands represent yin and yang. If Renying pulse on the left is greater, the diseases are in yang meridians, while if Cunkou pulse on the right is bustling, the diseases are in yin meridians. By comparing the pulse condition and strength, as well as the pulse beating (rapid and urgent) between Guan region and region ahead of Guan on the same side, the conditions of three yang and three yin meridians are detected. In treatment, based on the records of Renying and Cunkou pulse diagnosis in Huangdi Neijing, the principles are proposed for reinforcing and reducing methods on hand and foot meridians of yin and yang. Five-shu points and yuan-source points are taken as the main acupoints in acupuncture treatment. During treatment, the changes in pulse conditions should be emphasized specifically and those at Renying and Cunkou regions are the criteria for judging qi arrival and qi regulation.

Theoretic analysis on twirling acupuncture manipulation for reinforcing and reducing in treatment of hypertension by academician / 中国针灸

The paper explains academician

Discussion on the needling technique with filiform needle in acupuncture-moxibustion teaching materials in the Republic of China / 中国针灸

Through collecting the literature data of the needling technique with filiform needle in 20 acupuncture-moxibustion teaching materials in the Republic of China， the manipulation techniques with filiform needle were analyzed, such as the technique of needle insertion, the technique of reinforcing and reducing, and the management of acupuncture abnormal conditions, as well as manual techniques and analgesics methods. It is found that the era of the Republic of China was the transition period of traditional acupuncture techniques to the modern ones in acupuncture-moxibustion teaching materials, in which, the twirling technique was predominated in the technique of needle insertion. In that period, the insertion technique of tube needle had been introduced and simplified, the theory and method of the new-style technique of reinforcing and reducing were emerged and the types of acupuncture abnormal conditions recorded in the teaching materials were different from those at present. Additionally, the applicable manipulation had not been specified nationally. There were the highly influential teaching materials, i.e. , and . The acupuncture-moxibustion teaching materials in the Republic of China has been influenced by the transition of acupuncture-moxibustion education modes, the introduction of Chinese-translation version of Japanese acupuncture-moxibustion books, the academic thoughts of acupuncture masters and the manufacturing process of needle devices.

Effects of a Reinforcing and Reducing Method of Acupuncture on Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Subcutaneous Tissue of Minipig / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the effect of the reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture reported in first Chapter the Nine Needles and Twelve Yuan of the Miraculous Pivot on interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in subcutaneous tissue of minipig, and to investigate its biomechanical mechanism of regulating the interstitial fluid. Methods Nine healthy minipigs were randomly selected for reinforcing method (pull or press) and reducing method (wave a big pinhole), and tested on soft skin tissues of the abdomen. The IFP in the normal state (NS), the low volume (LV) state (by extracting interstitial fluid) and the high volume (HV) state (by injecting saline solution) was measured before and after acupuncture. Results In the normal state, pulling and pressing the needle could obviously increase IFP, while reducing method could significantly decrease IFP, leading to a rapid decrease in 5 min after acupuncture. In the LV state, pulling and pressing the needle could increase IFP. However, in 10 min after acupuncture, the descend rates of IFP were relatively slower. In the HV state, the reducing method could significantly decrease IFP, and the changing trend in 5 min after acupuncture was different from that of the control group. Conclusions The reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture could increase or decrease IFP, which proved that the acupuncture method could regulate IFP in the opposite direction. The research findings provide a new scientific basis for using reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture in clinic.

Analysis on the origin and development of elements of reinforcing and reducing needling techniques / 针刺研究

Reinforcing and reducing needling manipulations are important factors affecting clinical therapeutic effect. In the present paper, the relevant elements of the reinforcing and reducing techniques of acupuncture needle including the left- and right-ward twirling, gender, needling at the left and right, front and back parts of the body, needling along or against the running course of the meridian, and their origin and development recorded in ancient Chinese medical books were collected and sorted out, followed by analysis on the understandings of Chinese ancient medical practitioners about them. Results show that the right- or left-ward twirling of needles, gender, and needling at the right or left part, the front or the back part of the body of patients are not the core components of the reinforcing and reducing techniques. Of the three stimulus parameters of needling, named amplitude, frequency and duration which are frequently researched at present, only the duration of single twirling (frequency) was highly noted in GAO Wu's book Zhenjiu Juying (A Collection of Gems in Acupuncture and Moxibustion). It is worthy of being studied in the further. Regarding the stimulation intensity of acupuncture involving the identification of reinforcing or reducing manipulations, the factors influencing the patients' feelings of needling intensity of acupuncture should be studied at the same time.

Application of the analogy in the connotation of reinforcing and reducing principle and method in traditional acupuncture / 中国针灸

Analogy is the significant thinking method in TCM and it has been recorded abundantly in ancient literature of TCM. The analogy idea had been adopted in the connotation of the reinforcing and reducing principle and method of traditional acupuncture, such as the reinforcing and reducing manipulation techniques, the timing of the reinforcing and reducing method and the effects of . In view of the analogy idea, the relevant reinforcing and reducing principles andmethods of traditional acupuncture were collated and analyzed in the article. It is anticipated that the origin and essence of reinforcing and reducing principles and methods can be better identified and this thinking characteristic of ancient acupuncture theory be widely understood and fully emphasized.

Development of the connotation of deficiency and excess and acupuncture reinforcing and reducing theory / 中国针灸

There are connotations on regulating deficiency and excess by acupuncture reinforcing and reducing in (), including regulating and , regulating blood and , regulating weakened body resistance and state of evil domination, regulating the deficiency and excess of syndrome. The deficiency and excess usually mean the objects received reinforcing and reducing, such as tangible blood stasis, pus, water, etc, and invisible . The deficiency and excess had always mean the symptoms of diseases since (), and the reinforcing and reducing of acupuncture was regulating . Therefore the connotations of reinforcing and reducing of acupuncture changed and there were complex acupuncture reinforcing and reducing manipulations. The various deficiency and excess connotations and stressing on acupuncture regulating made important changes for the theories and methods of acupuncture reinforcing and reducing which showed the profound impacts of the philosophical thought of monism in ancient China on acupuncture and moxibustion science.

Analysis of reinforcing and reducing methods by twirling the needle of "rotating the needle to the left for reinforcing, to the right for reducing" / 中国针灸

In order to inherit the ancient acupuncture reinforcing and reducing methods and provide references to study those methods，this paper is based on much literature of reinforcing and reducing methods by twirling the needle and "rotating the needle to the left for reinforcing, to the right for reducing". With - theory of traditional Chinese medicine, including descending and ascending of -, the principle of "" and "", and (quintessence of universe) and the Eight Diagrams, we analyse reinforcing and reducing methods by twirling the needle of "rotating the needle to the left for reinforcing, to the right for reducing". Besides, combined with modern experimental and clinical studies, the feasibility and efficacy of twisting reinforcing and reducing are demonstrated. This paper also gives scholars new insights and enriches the theoretical knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine of reinforcing and reducing methods by rotating the needle, to guide experimental research and clinical practice.

Own experience on acupuncture sensation / 中国针灸

To summarize professor 's own experience on the acupuncture sensation. Professor puts forward his opinion through the sensation of acupuncture on himself, from the aspects of the expression, the material basis, the distinction and the clinical significance of acupuncture sensation, etc. Professor thinks that the production and conduction direction of acupuncture sensation have their material basis and objectively exist, based on which, professor puts forward the amount of acupuncture stimulation and the total amount of acupuncture stimulation. Professor believes that the amount of acupuncture stimulation is the main basis for the individual reinforcing and reducing of acupuncture. The amount of acupuncture stimulation is related to the depth and intensity of acupuncture, the time of the needle retention, the number of needles, etc. The reinforcing and reducing of acupuncture are relative to the deficiency and excess of the disease, and they are the reaction of acupuncture for body. The tolerance degree of the individual to the stimulation of acupuncture is also the main factor affecting the reinforcing and reducing.

Exploration of acupoint combination and needling techniques in the reinforcing and reducing manipulation at different acupoints / 中国针灸

The reinforcing and reducing manipulation at different acupoints is a kind of acupuncture manipulations and has satisfactory clinical therapeutic effects, combined with a proper needling techniques. The reinforcing needling method is used in the upper and the reducing one in the lower, the distal acupoints are combined with the nearby acupoints. The local acupoints or adjcant acupoints of the affected area are regarded as the nearby acupoints, e.g. the acupoints in the upper. The distant acupoints and the acupoints on the hand and foot are named as distal acupoints, e.g. the acupoint in the lower. In the reinforcing manipulation, the needle is inserted shallowly along the running direction of meridian. In the reducing manipulation, the needle is inserted deeply and against the running direction of meridian. The-couple needling technique is used with the combination of the front-and back-points. In the first option, the reinforcing and reducing needling method with rotating technique is predominated at the front-points, while that with lifting and thrusting technique is at the back-points. In the second option, when needling the back-points, the needling sensation is transmitted along the transverse segment and far to the chest and abdomen. These two kinds of integration of acupoint combination and needling techniques display a certain clinical significance in improving the therapeutic effects of acupuncture.

Exploration on two methods of waiting forin needle insertion and withdrawal of acupuncture reinforcing and reducing technique recorded in() / 中国针灸

The reinforcing and reducing technique based on the speed of needle insertion and withdrawal is the important acupuncture technique recorded in(). Regarding the speed of needle insertion and withdrawal, the timing of needle insertion and withdrawal is one of the key factors to judge the therapeutic effects. In the paper, the origin was studied on the two methods of waiting forrecorded in(), e.g. "waiting for respiratory" and "waiting forbeneath needle"; and its application progression and clinical significance were explained. Of them, the "waiting forbeneath needle" is mostly used to decide the timing of needle withdrawal and closely related to the therapeutic effects of reinforcing and reducing technique; and its application is fully developed in later generations. In(), it stresses the needle insertion after waiting forwith the assistant hand, lifting and thrusting manipulation is followed after arrival ofbeneath needle. This technique brings the impacts on the reinforcing and reducing technique of acupuncture in later generations.

Clinical Observation of Catgut-embedding Therapy Based on Respiration-induced Reinforcing and Reducing for Treatment of Simple Obesity with Spleen Deficiency and Dampness Retention / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of catgut-embedding (CE) therapy based on respiration-induced reinforcing and reducing and electro-acupuncture (EA) therapy in treating simple obesity with spleen deficiency and dampness retention. Methods Sixty simlpe obesity patients with spleen deficiency and dampness retention were randomized into CE group and EA group, 30 cases in each group. The acupoints selected for the two groups were the same, and the points were Zhongwan, Shuifen, Qihai, Guanyuan, Tianshu, Liangmen, Daheng, Fujie, Quchi, Xuehai, Yinlingquan, Fenglong, and Ashi. CE group was given CE therapy with the needling for CE therapy referred to the respiration-induced reinforcing and reducing method, and EA group was given EA therapy for 2 continuous treatment courses, 4 weeks constituting one course. Body mass and body mass index (BMI) of the two groups before and after treatment were observed, and the clinical efficacy was also evaluated after treatment. Results (1) After treatment for 2 courses, body mass and BMI of the two groups were obviously decreased(P 0.05). (2) The total effective rate of CE group was 90.0% and that of EA group was 86.7%, and the difference between the two groups was insignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusion The therapeutic effect of CE therapy based on respiration-induced reinforcing and reducing in treating simple obesity with spleen deficiency and dampness retention is similar to that of EA therapy, and the patients can choose anyone of them for loosing body weight according to the preference.

Discussion on ideological concept implied in traditional reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture / 中国针灸

The forming and development of traditional reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture was rooted in traditional culture of China, and was based on the ancients' special understanding of nature, life and diseases, therefore its principle and methods were inevitably influenced by philosophy culture and medicine concept at that time. With deep study onand representative reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture, the implied ideological concept, including contradiction view and profit-loss view in ancient dialectic,balance theory, concept of life flow, monophyletic theory of, theory of existence of disease-evil,-astrology theory, theory of inter-promotion of five elements, were summarized and analyzed. The clarified and systematic understanding on guiding ideology of reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture could significantly promote the understanding on principle, method, content and manipulation.

Therapeutic Observation of Reinforcing and Reducing by Acupuncturing at Lower He-sea Points along and against Channel’s Direction for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of reinforcing and reducing by acupuncturing at lower He-sea points along and against channel's direction in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Method Sixty-one GERD patients were randomized into a treatment group of 34 cases and a control group of 27 cases. The treatment group was intervened by reinforcing and reducing by acupuncturing at lower He-sea points along and against channel’s direction, while the control group was treated with oral administration of Omeprazole tablets. The two groups were intervened once a day, 4 weeks in total. The clinical efficacies in the two groups were compared based on the symptoms scores before and after the treatment.Result The total effective rate was 97.1% in the treatment group versus 85.2% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The relapse rate 6 months after the treatment was 16.7% in the treatment group versus 50.0% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Reinforcing and reducing by acupuncturing at lower He-sea points along and against channel’s direction is an effective approach in treating GERD.

Professor's understandings of "treating spirit" and "acupuncture reinforcing and reducing" inand clinical experience / 中国针灸

To state professor's methods and understandings of "treating spirit" and "acupuncture reinforcing and reducing" by the systemic study ofand clinical experience. It is considered that "treating spirit" is the foundation of all kinds of acupuncture manipulations,and "acupuncture reinforcing and reducing" is an important means to treat disease by adjusting the deficiency and excess. We think that it is key to deeply understand various reinforcing and reducing manipulations and do, so as to achieve effects according to the two principles.

Preliminary Analysis of theOrigin and Development, and Implementation of Mountain-burning Fire and Heaven-penetrating Cooling Techniques / 上海针灸杂志

Mountain-burning fire and heaven-penetrating cooling techniques are complex reinforcing and reducing acupuncture manipulations and can make acupunctured persons feel the sensations of heat and coolness.But the techniques have been for a long time, doctors in different dynasties described them not in the same way and the manipulations areevencomplicated.All this makes contemporarypeoples, especiallybeginnerfall utterly mystifiedand not know their meanings.By simply sorting out theorigin and developmentof mountain-burning fire and heaven-penetrating cooling techniques and analyzingtheimplementationof them to seek common ground while reserving differences, this article objectivelydescribes the main points ofimplementationof the two techniquesfor a brief survey of the acupuncture manipulation to help acupuncturebeginnerbetterunderstand these two complex techniques.

Effects of Point Injection with Different Reinforcing and Reducing Manipulation to Cardiac Function of Heart-qi Deficiency Syndrome Model in Rats / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To observe the influence of rats serum SOD and cardiac function with qi deficiency syndrome through the factors of the acupuncture point injection with different reinforcing and reducing methods. [Methods] To establish SD rat heart-qi deficiency syndrome model with the compound factors of the feeding, load forced swimming and large dose propranolol. The rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, Zusanli(St. 36) Shenqi Fuzheng injection reinforcing method group, Zusanli(St. 36) Shenqi Fuzheng injection reducing method group. Each acupoint injection of 0.20ml, one time a day, for 10 consecutive days. Determine of serum SOD activity values respectively and detect cardiac function correlated hemodynamic indexes. [Results] (1) The activity of serum SOD in model group rats was significantly lower than control group( P<0.01);Treated groups and model group had significant difference(P<0.05 or P<0.01);Zusanli(St. 36) injection reinforcing method group and Zusanli(St. 36) reducing method group had significant differences(P<0.01);(2) The cardiac function of rats in model group decreased significantly, corresponding heart function index of each treatment groups had changes and obvious differences. The maximum ventricular rats model of the internal pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure ,the maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure, heart rate and other indicators of Zusanli(St. 36) Shenqi Fuzheng injection reinforcing method group were more than indexes of Zusanli(St. 36) Shenqi Fuzheng injection reducing method group( P<0.01). [Conclusion] Acupoint injection of different reinforcing-reducing manipulations had different effect on the treatment of disease, and Zusanli(St. 36) injection reinforcement treatment of heart-qi deficiency syndrome model rats was significantly better than the other groups.

Progress of Researches on Acupuncture Manipulation and Its Quantification / 针刺研究

The acupuncture manipulation is an important factor for achieving a good therapeutic effect in acupuncture practice.The authors review recent studies on acupuncture manipulation and its qualification from a) differences of the therapeutic effects of acupuncture manipulation,b) quantification of acupuncture manipulations,and c) instruments for delivering and sampling the analogued parameters of different acupuncture manipulations,computer analysis software,etc.Most studies revealed that different acupuncture manipulations had different clinical efficacies.Meanwhile,researches on the quantification of acupuncture manipulations and some related instruments also have made a bigger progress.Nevertheless,there still exist many problems,such as difficulties of various acupuncture techniques in unification in clinic,stronger personal subjectivity in performing manipulations,etc.We should overcome these problems and conduct more researches,so as to raise the clinical curative effect further.