RESUMEN
Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the dry stem leaves parts of Viscum coloratum. Methods: The chemical constituents were separated and purified by various column chromatographies and HPLC. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR, and MS). The dry stem leaves of V. coloratum were extracted by 95% ethanol, then concentrated and was extracted by water and chloroform. Then the water part was eluted by the gradient of water and ethanol (100:0→0:100), obtaining the six parts of water, 10% ethanol, 30% ethanol, 50% ethanol, 70% ethanol, and 95% ethanol. Results: Nine compounds were isolated from the 50% EtOH extract in the dry stem leaves parts of V. coloratum with the structures identified as rhamnazin-3-O-β-D-api (1→2)-O-β-D-glucoside (1), rhamnazine (2), rhamnazin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (3), rhamnazin-3- O-β-D-(6″-acetyl)-O-β-D-glucoside (4), homeriodictyol-7-O-β-D-glucoside (5), homeriodictyol-7-O-β-D-api (1→2)-O-β-D-glucoside (6), homeriodictyol-7-O-β-D- glucoside-4'-O-β-D-apioside (7), homeriodictyol-7-O-β-D-glucosid (8), and liquidamboside (9). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new flavonoid glycoside, named as viscumneoside IX, and the compound 9 is isolated from the dry stem leaves parts of V. coloratumi first time.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to investigate the beneficial effects of rhamnazin against inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and anti-oxidative activity in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. METHODS: To examine the beneficial properties of rhamnazin on inflammation, ROS/ RNS, and anti-oxidative activity in the murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell model, several key markers, including COX and 5-LO activities, NO•, ONOO-, total reactive species formation, lipid peroxidation, •O₂ levels, and catalase activity were estimated. RESULTS: Results show that rhamnazin was protective against LPS-induced cytotoxicity in macrophage cells. The underlying action of rhamnazin might be through modulation of ROS/RNS and anti-oxidative activity through regulation of total reactive species production, lipid peroxidation, catalase activity, and •O₂, NO•, and ONOO• levels. In addition, rhamnazin down-regulated the activities of pro-inflammatory COX and 5-LO. CONCLUSION: The plausible action by which rhamnazin renders its protective effects in macrophage cells is likely due to its capability to regulate LPS-induced inflammation, ROS/ RNS, and anti-oxidative activity.