Research on ethical dilemmas in scientific research among medical graduate students / 中国医学伦理学

The ethical dilemma in scientific research exists at all stages of the scientific research activities among medical graduate students， mainly involving conflicts of interest， clinical trials， animal experiments， and the relationship between teachers and students. If medical graduate students are in the ethical dilemma in scientific research for a long time， their research activities will be greatly affected. By discussing the connotation， evaluation tools， current situation， influencing factors， and improvement measures of ethical dilemmas in scientific research， this paper proposed some suggestions， such as comprehensively investigating the influencing factors of ethical dilemmas in scientific research， and formulating targeted improvement measures， with a view to helping medical graduate students identify and get rid of ethical dilemmas in scientific research， and promote the stability of research activities.

Cognition and Attitude of Chinese Medical Researchers towards Scientific Research Ethics: Based on the Results of a National Sample Survey / 中国医学伦理学

Based on the sampling survey data of 11 164 medical researchers in China, this paper analyzed the understanding, attitude and compliance of medical researchers on scientific research ethics in China. The survey found that although most medical researchers claim to have more understanding of scientific research ethics, the level of understanding of scientific research ethics is not optimistic; the channels to scientific research ethics knowledge are diversified, but the standardized training channels are insufficient; most researchers held the positive attitude toward following the ethical norms, but those male, youth under 35, with senior professional titles, or from northeast China held negative attitude relatively; more than half of the researchers claimed that the supervision of research ethics in China was basically in place, but some people said that the violation of scientific research ethics was common, and some researchers reported that there was a phenomenon of "direct seal consent and reply" in ethical review. Compared with medical institutions, enterprises and universities are the weak links of scientific research ethics training, education and review. Based on the above actuality, it puts forward policy suggestions to strengthen the scientific research ethics training and ethics review requirements.

Investigation and analysis of the training needs of scientific research ethics among medical graduate students in the context of science and technology ethics governance / 中国医学伦理学

ObjectiveTo investigate the training needs of knowledge of scientific research ethics and ethical review among medical graduate students in Shandong Province， and provide targeted suggestions for carrying out education and training on scientific research ethics for medical graduate students. MethodsA random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 807 medical graduate students from 7 medical colleges and universities in Shandong Province. The data were statistically described and analyzed， and Pearson’s chi-squared test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors. ResultsThere were 94.1% of medical graduate students believed that they “need” to receive training on knowledge of scientific research ethics. Their training needs were ranked as ethical principles of science and technology （75.5%）， the content of ethical review （68.5%）， ethical review process （68.3%）， ethical issues that may be involved in frontier fields （63.6%）， ethics committee system （58.1%）， applied ethical regulation for medical scientific research （55.8%）， and interpretation of relevant ethical documents （42.4%）. The training forms and methods were， in order， online knowledge lectures （67.4%）， academic conferences organized by relevant ethical review organizations （60.3%）， the teaching methods in traditional classrooms （48.8%）， learning by tutors or research groups （48.5%）， conducted by the unit during the internship and work period （26.4%）， and other forms （2.6%）. The results of the regression analysis showed that medical graduate students with experience in project application and ethics course learning have a higher willingness for training needs in scientific research ethics （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe education and training on scientific research ethics among medical graduate students still need improvement， and graduate students have an urgent need for training on scientific research ethics. Schools and hospitals should overall plan and set up a perfect science and technology ethics curriculum system， strengthen the practical training of medical research ethical review， and diversify the ways of scientific research ethics training for medical graduate students， to accelerate the improvement of research ethics literacy of them.

Cognition and Attitude of Chinese Medical Researchers towards Scientific Research Ethics: Based on the Results of a National Sample Survey / 中国医学伦理学

Based on the sampling survey data of 11 164 medical researchers in China, this paper analyzed the understanding, attitude and compliance of medical researchers on scientific research ethics in China. The survey found that although most medical researchers claim to have more understanding of scientific research ethics, the level of understanding of scientific research ethics is not optimistic; the channels to scientific research ethics knowledge are diversified, but the standardized training channels are insufficient; most researchers held the positive attitude toward following the ethical norms, but those male, youth under 35, with senior professional titles, or from northeast China held negative attitude relatively; more than half of the researchers claimed that the supervision of research ethics in China was basically in place, but some people said that the violation of scientific research ethics was common, and some researchers reported that there was a phenomenon of "direct seal consent and reply" in ethical review. Compared with medical institutions, enterprises and universities are the weak links of scientific research ethics training, education and review. Based on the above actuality, it puts forward policy suggestions to strengthen the scientific research ethics training and ethics review requirements.

Analysis of the initial ethical review of Investigator-Initiated Trails research and discussion of standardized management / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:By analyzing the data of Investigator-Initiated Trials (IITs) in a grade A tertiary hospital and common problems in the initial ethical review, this study puts forward corresponding countermeasures, providing a reference for standardizing the ethical management of clinical scientific research projects in medical institutions.Methods:A causal analysis was conducted based on the statistics of the number of IITs undergoing ethical review in a grade A tertiary hospital from January 2012 to August 2021, and the analysis of the problems in the ethical formal review of 271 clinical research involving human beings.Results:At present, there are some problems in scientific research ethics, such as weak review execution, inadequate supervision, and weak ethical awareness of researchers.7 targeted measures were put forward.Conclusions:Establishing a hospital subject protection system, strengthening the construction of a scientific research ethics supervision system, refining ethical norms and standards, and promoting the institutionalization of scientific research ethics training are of great importance for standardizing investigator-initiated clinical research, improving research quality, avoiding scientific research ethical risks, and effectively guiding the ethical management of clinical research in hospitals.

Cognitive Analysis and Improvement Strategy of Nursing Staff’s Nursing Research Ethics in China / 中国医学伦理学

At present, the legal, ethical and social issues involved in clinical nursing research have attracted increasing attention. This paper used SWOT analysis to explore the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges of nursing staff’s cognition of research ethics. The results showed that the internal factors of nursing staff’s cognition of research ethics mainly come from the factors of nurses themselves, nurse interpersonal relationship, the relationship between nurses and subjects, and the hospital factors. The external factors mainly rise from the social level, university education level, information technology application level. Therefore, to enhance nurses’ cognition of nursing research ethics, internal and external factors need to be taken into account, including improving the system of nursing scientific research ethics governance, enhancing the system protection of nursing scientific research ethics governance, strengthening the review and supervision of nursing scientific research ethics, and deeply developing the education and publicity of scientific research ethics.

The Past, Present, and Future of Commissioned Ethics Review / 中国医学伦理学

In view of the current realistic demand and existing problems of commissioned ethical review in China, this paper reviewed the changes of relevant laws and regulations of commissioned ethical review in China, summarized the current problems in the implementation of commissioned ethical review, such as the lack of clarity in regulations, non-commissioned review specifications, the lack of criteria for selecting ethics committees, the scope of commissioned review to be defined, the unfamiliarity with research conditions, and the difficulty of continuing review. Based on the exploration of commissioned ethics review in China, it was suggested to solve the problem from the following aspects: formulating ethics committee selection criteria, clarifying the content of commissioned review, standardizing the commissioned review procedures of research, reaching intention, signing agreement, implementing commissioned review procedures, strengthening communication and supervision, managing commissioned review materials, strengthening information system construction, improving conflict of interest management, and learning from domestic pioneers and foreign experience.

La cuestión bioética en el contexto de la Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas, 2002-2016 / The Bioethical Issue in the Context of the Journal of Medical Sciences of Havana, 2002-2016

Introducción: La Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas desde su fundación ha publicado trabajos relacionados con la Bioética. Objetivo: Caracterizar la manera en que se ha fundamentado la cuestión bioética en los trabajos publicados en la revista en el transcurso de sus 15 años de creada. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva transversal sustentada en una plataforma de técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas. Se estudió la totalidad de trabajos publicados en los 15 volúmenes y 69 números de la revista de 2002 y 2016. Se precisaron las variables que pudieran reflejar el contenido bioético, se aplicó una guía de análisis de fuentes bibliográficas y se procesó la información con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se obtuvo como resultado que de 326 trabajos cuyo tema requería de tratamiento ético, 154 (47,2 por ciento), no lo recibió. De los 172 trabajos que tuvieron algún tipo de abordaje ético, la fundamentación desde la Bioética prevaleció en la mayoría, 107. Se constató carencia de reflexión ética en la presentación de 84 casos clínicos. El 31,4 por ciento de los trabajos con referentes éticos fueran comunicaciones breves. Una alta proporción de autores (89 por ciento), entendió la Bioética como ética aplicada. Se mostró una situación de equilibrio entre los modelos consecuencialistas (28 por ciento), el personalista (27 por ciento) y el ambientalista biopolítico (21 por ciento). Conclusiones: Se concluye que la RHCM ha mantenido la publicación de temas relacionados con la Bioética; sin embargo, debe mejorar su labor educativa con los autores y preservar el balance alcanzado en cuanto a los diversos modelos teórico-metodológicos de análisis bioético(AU)

Introduction: Since its foundation, the Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas has published many papers about Bioethics. Objective: To characterize the way in which the bioethical issue has been based on the published papers in the journal in the course of its 15 years of existence. Material and Method: It's realized a descriptive transversal research supported in a platform of quantitative and qualitative techniques. Were studied all the published papers in the 15 volumes and 69 numbers issues by the HJMS, between 2002 and 2016. Were specified the variables that could reflect the bioethical content, a guide of analysis of bibliographic sources was applied and the information was processed with descriptive statistics. Results: As results, it's identified 326 papers requiring an special ethical treatment, 154 (47,2 percent) did not receive it. Among the 172 papers with some ethical considerations the bioethical approach prevailed; 107, in 84 clinical cases were a lack of ethical reflection in its presentation. 31,4 percent of the papers with ethical treatment were short communications. A large proportion (89 percent) of the papers with bioethical approach considered the discipline as an applied ethics. It was shown a balance between the consequentialist models (28 percent), the self reference approach (27 percent) and the environmental-biopolitics model (21 percent). Conclusions: It´s concluded that the HJMS has kept the publication of papers with bioethical issues. However, the journal must improve the educative work addressed to the authors and to preserve the obtained balance between the different methodological and theoretical models of bioethical analysis(AU)

Ethic Consideration on the Responsibility of the Scientific Research Morality of Medical Students / 中国医学伦理学

There are many medical students who make artificial data in their scientific research and scientific paper.Therefore,it's very urgent to carry on the ethical education of scientific research to medical students.This article tries to make some ethical discussion on the responsibility of the scientific research monality of medical students.